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Biomedical subjects

M Graif

Publications and source records attributed to M Graif.

62 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Significance of ultrasound and gallium scanning in detecting intraabdominal abscesses.

The diagnostic value of ultrasound was compared to that of gallium scan in 36 patients with clinically suspected intraabdominal abscessed. Both modalities reached an accuracy of 91.6%. The gallium scan was found to be more sensitive (93.3%) than ultrasound (86.6%), while the specificity rate of ultrasound (95.2%) was superior to that of the gallium scan (90.4%). It is suggested that, in the acutely ill patient, ultrasound should be the method of choice, whereas in the nonacute patient, either method may be used. A positive ultrasound examination and a negative gallium scan can be considered conclusive, whereas a negative ultrasound study or a positive gallium scan needs the complimentary support of the other modality in order to reach a definite conclusion.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1981

Sonography of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Twenty children with suspected hypertrophic pyloric stenosis were studied by sonography. The thickened pyloric muscle is seen as an anechoic mass 1.5 cm or more in diameter, with strong central echoes. Of the 16 infants with a pyloric mass of 1.5 cm or more, 15 underwent surgery and the diagnosis was confirmed. In four patients with a pylorus less than 1.5 cm, the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis was excluded and all were discharged without surgery. Real-time scanning is useful in localizing the pylorus and in demonstrating lack of passage of gastric content across the narrowed pyloric canal.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Femoral artery pseudoaneurysm: Doppler sonographic features predictive for spontaneous thrombosis.

PURPOSE: The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate whether Doppler imaging characteristics can be used to predict spontaneous thrombosis of femoral artery pseudoaneurysms (PAs). METHODS: Eleven post-cardiac catheterization PAs were monitored with color Doppler sonography. Total volume of the lesion, volume filled with free-flowing blood, length and width of the neck of the PA, and its anatomic position were evaluated. RESULTS: All of the PAs in our series underwent spontaneous thrombosis. PAs with necks 0.9 cm or longer underwent spontaneous thrombosis in 9.8 days on average, while PAs with necks shorter than 0.9 cm required an average of 52 days to thrombose. CONCLUSIONS: PAs with longer neck lengths are more likely to thrombose in a shorter period than are those with shorter necks. It may thus be worthwhile to await spontaneous resolution when the aneurysmal neck length is 0.9 cm or more.

Aneurysm, False↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radioimmunoguided surgery benefits for recurrent colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Despite new adjuvant therapy, 50% of patients with colon cancer will have recurrent disease. This study investigated the use of a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody in locating occult tumor during surgery for recurrent colorectal cancer. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with recurrent colorectal cancer underwent surgery using the radioimmunoguided surgery (RIGS) system. All patients were subjected to abdominal and chest computed tomography (CT). Before surgery, patients were injected with the CC49 monoclonal antibody (MoAb), anti-TAG antibody labeled with 125I. Ten patients with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and no CT findings had a scintigraphy scan with an anti-CEA MoAb labeled with 99Tc. Human antimouse antibody levels of these patients were within normal limits. Surgical exploration including liver ultrasound examination was followed by survey with a gamma-detecting probe (GDP). RESULTS: There was MoAb tumor localization in 100% of the patients. CT found nine tumor sites, traditional surgical exploration 30, and the GDP 51, with 44 confirmed by pathology (hematoxylin and eosin). The RIGS system found occult tumor in 10 patients (45.4%) and resulted in major changes in surgical procedure in 11 patients. In the 10 patients who had scintigraphy scans, 10 tumor sites were identified, whereas RIGS found an additional eight sites. CONCLUSION: RIGS technology offers a substantial benefit for patients undergoing surgery for recurrent colorectal cancer and a better chance of finding recurrent tumor intraoperatively in patients who have elevated CEA levels with no other CT findings.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of histiocytosis X in the central nervous system.

The magnetic resonance imaging features of two cases of histiocytosis X in the hypothalamus and one in the cerebral hemispheres are described. The lesions were best seen with spin-echo technique using a long repetition time (TR = 1580 msec) and long echo time (TE = 80 msec). Sagittal images provided the best anatomicotopographic evaluation of the lesions. Comparison with computed tomography with and without contrast enhancement showed an advantage with magnetic resonance imaging.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of malignant brain tumors.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed before and serially after intravenous injection of 1 mmol/kg gadolinium-DTPA (Schering) in 17 patients with clinical and histologic diagnosis of malignant cerebral tumors. There was a decrease of 1% in T1 and 10% in T2 in normal white matter and a decrease of 8% in T1 and 14% in T2 in normal gray matter. Contrast enhancement was observed in 16 of the 17 tumors. In the region of maximal enhancement a mean decrease of 16% in T1 was observed in low-grade gliomas, a mean decrease in T1 of 29% was seen in high-malignancy gliomas, and a mean decrease in T1 of 33% was observed in metastases. The decreases in T1 persisted for at least 50 min. In one case the central cystic region of the tumor displayed a decrease in T1 and T2. Measurements of signal intensity displayed maximal contrast enhancement with an IR 1500/500/44 sequence, much less with SE 1500/44, and least with SE 1500/80. Edema was observed on precontrast images in 14 cases, but satisfactory definition of the tumor-edema margin was only possible in four cases. After contrast enhancement this margin was defined in 10 cases. In four of the 17 cases areas of apparent "edema" seen before administration of Gd-DTPA displayed significant contrast enhancement and probably represented tumor infiltration. Comparison with CT showed a greater degree of contrast enhancement on MR images in eight cases, an equal degree in eight cases, and greater enhancement on CT in one case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Brain Edema↗