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Biomedical subjects

M Goto

Publications and source records attributed to M Goto.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Observation of helicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes in large-helical-device plasmas heated by neutral-beam injection.

The helicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (HAEs) with the toroidal mode number n=2 and 3 are observed for the first time in the Large Helical Device plasmas heated by neutral beam injection. The observed mode frequency is about 8 times higher than that of the observed toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes, and is proportional to the Alfvén velocity. The modes are excited when the ratio of the beam velocity to the Alfvén velocity exceeds about unity. The frequency lies just above the lower bound of the HAE gap in the plasma edge region of rho>0.7 (rho: normalized minor radius).

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Plasma concentrations of 5-fluorouracil and F-beta-alanine following oral administration of S-1, a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inhibitory fluoropyrimidine, as compared with protracted venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral S-1, a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitory fluoropyrimidine, were compared with those of protracted venous infusion (PVI) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In all, 10 patients with gastric cancer received PVI of 5-FU at a dose of 250 mg m(-2) day(-1) for 5 days. After a washout period of 9 days, the patients received two divided doses daily for 28 days. S-1 was administered orally at about 0900 and 1900 hours. The daily dose of S-1 in terms of tegafur was 80 mg day(-1) in patients with a body surface area (BSA) of <1.25 m(2), 100 mg day(-1) in those with a BSA of >or=1.25 m(2) to <1.5 m(2), and 120 mg day(-1) in those with a BSA of >or=1.5 m(2). Plasma concentrations of 5-FU and F-beta-alanine (FBAL) were measured for pharmacokinetic analysis, and the plasma uracil concentration was monitored as a surrogate marker of DPD inhibition (pharmacodynamic analysis) in the same patients on days 1-5 of PVI of 5-FU and on days 1-5 of oral S-1. The area under the curve (AUC(0-10 h)) of 5-FU on day 5 was 728+/-113 ng h ml(-1) for PVI of 5-FU and 1364+/-374 ng h ml(-1) for S-1. The median 5-FU PVI : S-1 ratio of the AUC(0-10 h) of 5-FU was 1.9. The AUC(0-10 h) of FBAL on day 5 of PVI of 5-FU was 9465+/-3225 ng h ml(-1), AUC(0-10 h), as compared with 1725+/-605 ng h ml(-1) on day 5 of S-1 treatment. The AUC(0-10 h) of uracil on day 5 was 252+/-60 ng h ml(-1) with PVI of 5-FU and 12 582+/-3060 ng h ml(-1) with S-1. The AUC(0-10 h) of FBAL was markedly lower and plasma uracil concentrations were significantly higher for S-1 than for PVI of 5-FU, clearly demonstrating the effect of DPD inhibition.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Sawtooth oscillation in current-carrying plasma in the large helical device.

Sawtooth oscillations have been observed in current-carrying helical plasmas by using electron-cyclotron-emission diagnostics in the Large Helical Device. The plasma current, which is driven by neutral beam injection, reduces the beta threshold of the sawtooth oscillation. When the central q value is increased due to the plasma current, the core region crashes, and, when it is decreased, the edge region crashes annularly. Observed rapid mixture of the plasma in the limited region suggests that these sawtooth crashes are reconnection phenomena. Unlike previous experiments, no precursor oscillation has been observed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Immunosuppression with FTY720 and cyclosporine A inhibits rejection of adult porcine islet xenografts in rats.

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to evaluate the effect of FTY720 in discordant islet xenotransplantation. METHODS: Fetal porcine islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) were transplanted into normoglycemic rats that were either left untreated or treated with FTY720 only, with FTY720 plus cyclosporine A (CsA) or with CsA only. Twelve or 24 days after transplantation, graft morphology was evaluated immunohistochemically. Furthermore, adult porcine islets (APIs) were transplanted into diabetic rats immunosuppressed with FTY720 plus CsA. Blood glucose and porcine C-peptide levels were monitored. RESULTS: In untreated rats, the ICC xenografts were completely rejected after 12 days. Treatment with CsA had only a marginal effect on the rejection. In animals given FTY720, only the number of infiltrating cells was somewhat reduced. However, at 12 days, no intact ICCs remained. Immunosuppression with FTY720 plus CsA had a marked inhibitory effect on islet xenograft rejection and plentiful morphologically intact ICCs remained. Twelve days after transplantation, only occasional macrophages and T cells could be detected. At 24 days after transplantation, the findings were similar. Furthermore, diabetic rats transplanted with APIs and immunosuppressed with FTY720 plus CsA remained normoglycemic for 53.0+/-15.8 days. In fact, one animal remained normoglycemic for more than 100 days. Serum levels of porcine C-peptide remained at levels similar to those for human C-peptide in healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Immunosuppression with FTY720 plus CsA inhibited almost all morphological signs of pig-to-rat islet xenograft rejection for up to 24 days after transplantation. Diabetic rats transplanted with APIs and immunosuppressed with FTY720 plus CsA remained normoglycemic for 53.0+/-15.8 days.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Computer simulation system for orthognathic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The system aimed to make a simulation model of an orthognathic patient without using his/her computed tomography data. DESIGN: The morphological data of the teeth and face were obtained by laser scanner. All the data were integrated in the reference coordinate system of frontal and lateral cephalograms using projection matching technique. SETTING: A case of mandibular prognathism was analyzed and presented. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE: About 7 mm (left side) to 6 mm (right side) of mandibular setback with a small rotation was performed on this case. RESULTS: Simulated osteotomies and bone movements help us to analyze the movement of bone and soft tissue. Collisions and gaps generated between bone segments and facial changes are shown. CONCLUSION: This simulation system will be particularly useful for the selection of an optimal operative method in cases in which the change in facial soft tissue shape should be carefully deliberated.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2003

Expression of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6) in mucinous carcinoma of the breast: comparison with invasive ductal carcinoma.

AIMS: Mucinous carcinoma of the breast usually shows less frequent lymph node metastasis and more favourable outcome compared with invasive ductal carcinoma. The aim of this study is to compare the expression profiles of several mucins in mucinous carcinomas and invasive ductal carcinomas to gain insight into the relationship between the less aggressive biological nature of mucinous carcinoma and the role of mucins. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the expression profiles of MUC1 (membrane-bound mucin) of different glycoforms (from non-glycosylated form to fully glycosylated form), MUC2 (intestinal type secretory mucin), MUC5AC (gastric surface type secretory mucin) and MUC6 (gastric pyloric gland type secretory mucin) in 17 mucinous carcinomas and 46 invasive ductal carcinomas using immunohistochemistry. Various glycoforms of MUC1 were expressed frequently in both mucinous carcinomas (65-100%) and invasive ductal carcinomas (92-100%), although non-glycosylated MUC1 (MUC1/CORE) and fully glycosylated MUC1 (MUC1/HMFG-1) showed significantly lower expression rates in mucinous carcinomas compared with those in invasive ductal carcinomas. The expression rates of MUC2 (94%) and MUC6 (71%) in mucinous carcinomas were significantly higher than those of MUC2 (15%) and MUC6 (15%) in invasive ductal carcinomas. There was no significant difference in the expression rate of MUC5AC in mucinous carcinomas (12%) and that in invasive ductal carcinomas (4%). CONCLUSIONS: The expression rate of MUC1/CORE and MUC1/HMFG-1, which is related to poor prognosis in the gastric and colorectal cancers, is low in mucinous carcinomas. The high expression rate of gel-forming secretory mucins (MUC2 and MUC6) in mucinous carcinoma suggests that high production of these types of mucins may act as a barrier to cancerous extension resulting in their less aggressive biological behaviour.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed2002

Histological analysis of human tooth development in NOD/scid mice.

An increasing number of elderly people suffer from the loss of teeth due to periodontitis or dental caries. Currently accepted functional prosthetic rehabilitation includes removable or fixed prostheses, with or without osseointegrated dental implants. All of them, however, are foreign bodies for the organism. In this regard, the ideal materials are natural teeth, which do not stimulate inflammatory responses. Tissue engineering has made great progress in regenerating a variety of cell types, such as bone cells. Regenerated tooth would be of great use and importance as a material for novel dental implants. However, clear mechanisms of tooth formation have not yet been elucidated. We describe here an experimental model where normal human tooth morphogenesis and dentition occur in NOD/scid mice subcutaneous tissues. Our system would contribute not only to developing, but also understanding the process of human tooth development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Atmospheric chemistry of HFE-7500 [n-C3F7CF(OC2H5)CF(CF3)2]: reaction with OH radicals and Cl atoms and atmospheric fate of n-C3F7CF(OCHO*)CF(CF3)2 and n-C3F7CF(OCH2CH2O*)CF(CF3)2 radicals.

Relative rate techniques were used to measure k(OH + HFE-7500) = (2.6+/-0.6) x 10(-14), k(Cl + HFE-7500) = (2.3+/-0.7) x 10(-12), k[Cl + n-C3F7CF(OC(O)H)CF(CF3)2] = (9.7+/-1.4) x 10(-15), and k[Cl + n-C3F7CF(OC(O)CH3)CF(CF3)2] < 6 x 10(-17) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) at 295 K [HFE-7500 = n-C3F7-CF(OC2H5)CF(CF3)2]. From the value of k(OH + HFE-7500) an estimate of 2.2 years for the atmospheric lifetime of HFE-7500 is obtained. Two competing loss mechanisms for n-C3F7-CF(OCHO.CH3)CF(CF3)2 radicals were identified in 700 Torr of N2/O2 diluent at 295 K; reaction with O2 and decomposition via C-C bond scission with kO2/k(decomp) = 0.013+/-0.006 Torr(-1). The Cl atom initiated oxidation of HFE-7500 in N2/O2 diluent gives n-C3F7CF(OC(O)CH3)CF(CF3)2 as the major product and n-C3F7CF(OC(O)H)CF(CF3)2 as a minor product. The atmospheric oxidation of HFE-7500 gives n-C3F7-CF(OC(O)CH3)CF(CF3)2 and n-C3F7CF(OC(O)H)CF(CF3)2 as oxidation products. The results are discussed with respect to the atmospheric chemistry and environmental impact of HFE-7500.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2002

Island dynamics in the large-helical-device plasmas.

In the Large Helical Device plasma discharges, the size of an externally imposed island with mode number ( n/m = 1/1) decreases substantially when the plasma is collisionless ( nu(*)< approximately 1) and the beta is finite ( > approximately 0.1%) at the island location. For the collisional plasmas with finite beta, on the other hand, the size of the island increases. However, there is a threshold in terms of the vacuum island size below which the island enlargement is not seen.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Determination of the line emission locations in a large helical device on the basis of the Zeeman effect.

Neutral helium He I lambda 728.1 nm (2 1P-3 1S) and lambda 667.8 nm (2 1P-3 1D) emission lines have been observed with an array of optical fibers that cover the entire poloidal cross section of the plasma. The Zeeman profile yields a magnetic field strength, and the locations of the emission regions are identified on the well-established map of the magnetic field of the plasma. It is found that the emission region forms a closed zone just outside the region, the so-called "ergodic layer," where the magnetic field line structure is chaotic. A collisional-radiative model calculation for an inward atom flux suggests a peaked emission profile of about 3.5 cm in full width at half maximum, and this is consistent with the experimental result. The inward atom flux is found to decay before reaching the last closed flux surface and this implies a screening effect of the ergodic layer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Vegetative pyoderma gangrenosum in chronic renal failure.

We report the case of a 58-year-old woman with painful recurrent erythematous lesions on both legs of 6 months' duration. The patient had been treated with haemodialysis for chronic renal failure for the previous 10 years. Physical examination revealed pea-sized erythematous nodules with sinus formation and discharge of bloody pus, which yielded neither bacterial nor fungal cells in culture. These lesions healed leaving cribriform scars, after bed rest, topical disinfection and systemic and in some areas intralesional corticosteroids. Cases of pyoderma gangrenosum are usually classified as one of four clinical variants: ulcerative, pustular, bullous and vegetative. Our case might correspond to a vegetative form in view of the development of sinuses, neutrophilic abscesses and palisading granuloma, even though no ulceration was observed.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed2002

Photoreceptor cell differentiation in retinoblastoma demonstrated by a new immunohistochemical marker mucin-like glycoprotein associated with photoreceptor cells (MLGAPC).

AIMS: For further understanding of specific differentiation in retinoblastoma, we studied the expression of newly detected mucin-like glycoprotein associated with photoreceptor cells (MLGAPC), which is specific for photoreceptor cells of retina and analogous to interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan-1 (IMPG1). METHODS AND RESULTS: Surgically enucleated retinoblastomas (n=21; undifferentiated type, n=15, differentiated type, n=6) were immunohistochemically studied with a polyclonal antibody against MLGAPC, and 17/21 cases (81%) showed positive staining of tumour cells. We classified various staining patterns and structures into four groups: type 1 showing a granular intracellular scattered staining pattern with round small cells; type 2 showing a reticular staining pattern between spindle-shaped tumour cells; type 3 showing radiating staining from the centre of Homer-Wright rosettes; type 4 showing ring-shaped, radiating and granular staining associated with Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes. Eleven of 15 undifferentiated retinoblastomas (73%) showed type 1 or 2, and all the six differentiated cases showed type 3 or 4. Image analysis of immunostaining revealed an increase in MLGAPC-positive area from 0.48% in undifferentiated cases to 1.60% in differentiated cases, and a negative correlation was shown between mitotic frequency and MLGAPC-positive area. CONCLUSIONS: This study proved MLGAPC as a valuable marker of retinoblastoma, and that photoreceptor differentiation takes place even in 'undifferentiated' retinoblastoma.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2002

Solitary fibrous tumour of the tongue: a case report with immunohistochemical studies.

The solitary fibrous tumour (SFT), also known as a localized fibrous mesothelioma, is a neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of capillaries surrounded by masses of round or spindle-shaped cells. SFT has been discovered in many locations, however, it is extremely rare for SFT to be found in the intraoral region. We report here case of SFT arising from the tongue of a 75-year-old woman. To our knowledge, this is the second case reported of SFT originating from the tongue.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Lung herniation as an anatomic consequence of pneumonectomy.

BACKGROUND: Pneumonectomy causes an overdistention of the remaining lung as an adaptive response. Excessive lung herniation occasionally causes serious lung dysfunction. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients were selected from 152 patients who underwent pneumonectomy for lung cancer between 1990 and 1998. Complete resections were accomplished; no recurrence was observed for 3 years in these 27 patients. To evaluate the extent of herniation, the Lung Herniation Index (LHI) was developed and defined as the sum of proportions of the maximal transverse length of the remaining lung divided by the transverse length of the thoracic cavity, measured at the level of the aortic arch and the inferior pulmonary vein on chest computed tomography. Sequential changes in LHI were compared between groups. RESULTS: Changes in LHI did not differ between groups delineated on the basis of an FEV1 of 70 % (p = 0.45) and RV/TLC of 40 % (p = 0.99). Patients with a low body mass index (BMI) (< 20 kg/m(2)), however, showed a significantly greater degree of lung herniation than those with a high BMI (> or = 20 kg/m(2)) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant COPD has no effect on lung herniation. Some preventive procedure should be considered for patients with low BMI.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Steroidogenic enzyme expression within the adrenal cortex during early human gestation.

Aberrant adrenocortical function during the first trimester of human fetal development underlies the severe virilization of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase (CYP21) deficiency. Although valuable information of human adrenocortical development after 12 weeks gestation is available, less is known earlier in pregnancy. In our studies, the adrenal cortex was first detected in human embryos by hematoxylin and eosin staining at 33 days post-conception (dpc) with distinction between the definitive and fetal zones possible at 52 dpc. Vascular development was apparent within the adrenal gland at 41 dpc. CYP11A and CYP17 were expressed centrally within the fetal zone at 50 dpc and all later time points during the first trimester. Weaker CYP11A immunoreactivity also was visible in the outer region of the adrenal cortex consistent with definitive zone expression. In this location, immunoreactivity was observed for 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the proliferation marker, Ki67. These data raise the possibility of de novo cortisol biosynthesis during the first trimester of human development and are relevant to the pathophysiology of 46,XX virilization in CYP21 deficiency.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed2002

Simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus with A2/O process using immobilized media.

It is necessary to introduce nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes in the existing wastewater treatment plants of Fukuoka City to improve the water quality of Hakata Bay. An A2/O (anaerobic-anoxic-oxic) process using immobilized media is proposed here, as a high-end technology to meet stricter discharge standards when faced with treatment space limitations. In order to investigate the applicability of the process, a pilot-scale study using municipal wastewater was conducted. Fluidized immobilization media were added to the aerobic reactor to maintain a high concentration of nitrifying bacteria and nitrification rate. Relationships between nutrient removal performance and varied operating conditions were examined. The results of the pilot plant test indicated that the process performs well for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Under the condition of HRT = 8 hr, it was possible to obtain an effluent water quality as follows: T-N<8.0 mg/L; T-P<1.0 mg/L. It was observed that reaction time needed for a complete nitrification was shortened by the addition of immobilized media to the aerobic reactor, and longer reaction time would be needed for a completed phosphorus uptake process other than complete nitrification in an aerobic tank. Therefore, the phosphorus uptake rate, as well as nitrification process, should be considered as one of the important factors affecting the design parameters of an aerobic reactor.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗