The discovery of cephalosporin C and its conversion to 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) are reviewed. The syntheses of cefamandole and three other injectable cephalosporins from 7-ACA are described, and the antibiotic properties of the four drugs are compared. The microbiological potency of cefamandole is comparable to that of cephalothin, cephaloridine, and cefazolin against gram-positive organisms. Cefamandole is the most potent of the four compounds against gram-negative bacteria. In addition, cefamandole inhibits Enterobacter and strains of indole-positive Proteus which have been traditionally resistant to the cephalosporins. For pharmaceutical reasons cefamandole nafate was chosen for the clinical formulation of the antibiotic.

Acremonium↗

PubMed1978

Enhancement of L-dopa incorporation into melanoma by dopa decarboxylase inhibition.

Melanoma cells possess a special biochemical pathway for the conversion of L-dopa to melanin. Selective incorparation of exogenous L-dopa into melanoma cells in vivo has been limited by extensive decarboxylation to dopamine. Pretreatment of animals bearing the S-91 Cloudman or ACI melanomas with Ro4-4602, a potent dopa decarboxylase inhibitor limited incorporation of label into adrenal tissue and enhanced entry of label into tumor. Six hours following pretreatment, the ratio of tumor to adrenal specific activities was altered from 0.25 to 1.5 for the S-91 melanoma and 0.68 to 1.99 for the ACI melanoma indicating diversion of metabolism away from catecholamine formation. The possibility of a selective diagnostic and/or therapeutic approach is proposed.

Adrenal Medulla↗

PubMed1978

Mental health insurance: problems and prognosis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗

PubMed1976

Community absorption of the mentally ill: the new challenge.

In 1975, twelve years after enactment of the Community Mental Health Centers Act, we find one of the greatest obstacles to fulfillment of our hopes to be pervasive hostility to acceptance of the mentally ill in many communities. The River Region Program has hurdled this obstacle by breaking the artificially large mental health catchment areas into manageable segments of 16 smaller service areas close to the people it serves in seven counties of Kentucky. In each of these service areas it has involved a broad spectrum of citizens in the planning of every service. All of this is of particular relevance today in light of the supreme Court's Donaldson decision, that mentally ill persons cannot be confined involuntarily if they are not dangerous and can live safely in the outside world. The "outside world" must be prepared to receive these people, and we in the mental health field must do our job in this vital preparation.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1973

Biosynthesis of monensin.

The biosynthesis of monensin by Streptomyces cinnamonensis was studied by using (14)C-labeled glucose, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and methionine. The results indicated that the antibiotic is synthesized from five acetate, seven propionate, and one butyrate molecules. The o-methyl group of monensin is derived from methionine, whereas the terminal hydroxymethyl group is incorporated from acetate.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1972