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Biomedical subjects

M Goodman

Publications and source records attributed to M Goodman.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Epidemiology of breast cancer and hair dyes.

In a case-control study of 401 breast cancer cases and 625 age-matched controls, the possible etiologic role of hair dye usage was investigated. No association was found between hair dye use and breast cancer (odds ratio = 1.02; 95% confidence interval = 0.77-1.32) or any factors affecting dosage, frequency, duration, type, or color of hair dye. Important confounders of hair dye use included religion and smoking status. When stratified by 10-year age groups, there was no appreciable trend in risk status between case and referent populations. No dose-response relationship (frequency X duration X shade X type of dye used) was found, even after controlling for factors affecting hair dye use. A multiple logistic regression analysis supported the absence of this relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Partially modified retro-inverso peptides. Comparative Curtius rearrangements to prepare 1,1-diaminoalkane derivatives.

Several synthetic routes are reported to prepare the hetero diprotected 1,1-diaminoalkanes from N-acylated amino acids or peptides for incorporation into partially modified retro-inverso peptides. The Curtius rearrangement was carried out on the N-protected aminoacyl azides obtained from the N-protected aminoacyl hydrazide by nitrosyl chloride or by sodium azide reaction with an appropriate mixed carboxylic carbonic acid anhydride. The resulting isocyanate was allowed to react with alcohol to give a urethane-type protecting group or, via a "one-pot" approach, directly with a carboxyl carrying component to yield the modified (reversed) peptide bond. The carboxyl component can be either an N-acylated amino acid or a malonic acid. The more standard route involves selective deprotection of the 1,1-diaminoalkane residue followed immediately by coupling with a carboxyl component to yield the same modified peptide derivative.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1982

Phylogenetic origins and adaptive evolution of avian and mammalian haemoglobin genes.

Recent years have seen rapid growth in amino acid sequence data on globins and nucleotide sequence data on haemoglobin genes and pseudogenes, and cladistic analysis of these data continues to reveal new facets of globin evolution. Our present findings demonstrate: (1) avian and mammalian embryonic alpha genes (pi and xi, respectively) had a monophyletic origin involving an alpha locus duplication about 400 Myr ago soon after the duplication which separated alpha and beta genes; (2) much later in phylogeny, independent beta-gene duplications produced the embryonic rho locus of birds and embryonic epsilon and fetal gamma loci of mammals. This parallels the earlier finding that myoglobins evolved more than once from generalized globin ancestors. Here we support the view that such globin evolution resulted from natural selection acting on mutations in duplicated genes. Thus, our evidence contradicts the neutralist view in which almost all amino acid substitutions in descent to extant globins evaded positive selection.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Ninety-nine "tomboys" and "non-tomboys": behavioral contrasts and demographic similarities.

Two samples of female children with diverse patterns of sex-typed behaviors are described. Fifty traditionally sex-typed and 49 nontraditionally sex-typed girls are contrasted. Their age range is 4-12 years. They are widely divergent on sex-typed preferred toys, gender of peer group, participation in sports, roles taken in playing house, and stated wish to be a boy. Their parents do not differ on age, marital status, religion, or number of children. These descriptions provide the baseline for a forthcoming series of papers describing the development of these divergent patterns of sex-typed behaviors and the association of these early patterns with later psychosexual and psychosocial attributes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Peptide sweeteners. 5. Side-chain homologues relating zwitterionic and trifluoroacetylated amino acid anilide and dipeptide sweeteners.

Side-chain homologues of sweet trifluoroacetyl-alpha-L-aspartyl-p-cyanoanilide have been synthesized and tasted. Removal of the trifluoroacetyl group only changes the potency of sweet taste, not the taste property. These results have been compared with the structure-taste relationships of dipeptide sweeteners. An informative discontinuity of taste effects was found to exist with novel aminomalonyl dipeptide derivatives. The results are explained on topochemical grounds.

Anilides↗
PubMed1982

Ochotona princeps (pika) myoglobin: an appraisal of lagomorph phylogeny.

Myoglobin was purified from skeletal muscle of the pika (Ochotona princeps) and its primary structure was determined. This sequence was added to the set of 64 already known vertebrate myoglobin sequences and used to evaluate the phylogenetic position of the pika among other mammals, using a computerized search procedure based on maximum parsimony criteria. The pika is clearly related to the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), with which it is traditionally associated as a member of the order Lagomorpha. A monophyletic group composed of Lagomorpha, Scandentia, and Carnivora is a consistent feature of the dendrograms produced. An association of Carnivora and Lagomorpha casts doubt on the results of those investigations using rabbit antisera in systematic studies and depending on carnivores as an outside reference group for cladogram construction.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Radiotherapy of polymorphic reticulosis.

The term "lethal mid-line granuloma" does not properly reflect current knowledge that several different diseases can produce non-infectious mid-facial destruction. The disorders producing erosion of the upper aerodigestive passages are more accurately classified by clinical and histological criteria as either Wegener's or non-Wegener's causes. The non-Wegener's causes of mid-facial erosion include extranodal lymphoma, idiopathic mid-line granuloma and polymorphic reticulosis. Polymorphic reticulosis (PR) is a rare disease which is histologically identical to lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG). The term PR has been used to describe LG localized to the upper airways. PR-LG is characterized by a remarkably polymorphic angiocentric mixed cellular infiltrate. The disease is locally invasive, has the potential for distant spread, and can cause fever, sweats and weight loss. When it is localized to the upper airways, PR-LG is potentially controllable by radiation therapy. Local symptoms at other body sites can be successfully palliated by radiation. The clinical presentation of two recent patients with PR-LG is summarized, as well as the radiotherapy employed. The pertinent literature is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Reported illness and change of residence.

This paper tries to establish whether people have more or less illness when they move house and whether their threshold for consulting doctors, irrespective of any real change in the incidence of illness, is raised or lowered. We tried to answer these questions through a study based on the date of occupancy of the new house as well as the date of registering with a new doctor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Globin evolution was apparently very rapid in early vertebrates: a reasonable case against the rate-constancy hypothesis.

Kimura mistook ambiguous maximum parsimony codons for wrong codons. The maximum parsimony method performed well as judged by the two classes of serine codons (which can not be connected by silent mutations) on comparing the parsimony codons for serines in human, rabbit, and mouse alpha hemoglobin chains to actual codons determined by nucleotide sequencing. In genealogical reconstructions involving 247 eucaryotic globins, the maximum parsimony distances separating the contemporary sequences show that Kimura's Poisson and Dayhoff's PAM estimates of rate of globin evolution miss most of the superimposed replacements and are therefore seriously in error. Nor is Kimura's constant rate assumption and his belief in a single origin of myoglobin supported. Lamprey myoglobin appears to be most like lamprey hemoglobin, while gnathostome myoglobin seems closest to gnathostome hemoglobin. It was found that the three types of gnathostome globins (Mb, alpha Hb, beta Hb) evolved between the shark-boney vertebrate and bird-mammal ancestors at a much faster rate than from the latter ancestor to the present. The data indicate that rates were exceedingly fast during the origin of these globin chains because a high proportion of substitutions were adaptive. It was concluded that wherever strong stabilizing selection acts on a protein, somewhere in the past positive Darwinian selection must have spread the amino acid substitutions now being preserved.

Animals↗