We present a case of an 82-year-old man with a 1-year history of a slowly enlarging, nontender, exophytic oral mucosal lesion with focal ulceration of the right alveolar ridge of the mandible associated with cortical bone resorption. Two consecutive biopsies revealed histoplasma capsulatum. A review of the literature confirms that this is an uncommon manifestation of this fungal disease, but must be considered in the differential diagnosis of an oral ulcerative lesion.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bile acid metabolism in cirrhosis. VII. Evidence for defective feedback control of bile acid synthesis.

The present report has been directed toward providing additional information on the major defects in the bile acid pathways present in patients with cirrhosis and its relevance to the problem of how bile acid synthesis is regulated in man. An unusual patient with severe liver disease and a completely broken enterohepatic circuit was studied. The synthesis of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids was examined over a 5-d period. The secretion rats and the incorporation of [3H]7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol and [3H]26-hydroxycholesterol into both primary bile acids in the cirrhotic bile fistula patient was cross compared to earlier data obtained on patients with and without liver disease and an intact enterohepatic circuit and patients with no liver disease and a bile fistula. The daily synthesis rate of cholic acid increased 7-fold and chenodeoxycholic acid 2-fold in the cirrhotic bile fistula patient. The incorporation of [3H]7 alpha- hydroxycholesterol into bile acids in the cirrhotic bile fistula patient was efficient (75%) and equal to bile fistula patients with no cirrhosis (76%); chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis was favored over cholic acid particularly in the cirrhotic patient. [3H]26-hydroxycholesterol was poorly incorporated in patients with no cirrhosis (25%) and the cirrhotic patient (20%); chenodeoxycholic acid was favored by a wide margin. It is concluded from this and previous reports that the profound reduction in bile acid synthesis present in patients with cirrhosis is not caused singly by a failure in the metabolic pathways from 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol to cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid (i.e., 12 alpha-hydroxylation step), but rather due to a defect in the feedback control regulating bile acid synthesis.

Bile Acids and Salts↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bile acid metabolism in cirrhosis. VIII. Quantitative evaluation of bile acid synthesis from [7 beta-3H]7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol and [G-3H]26-hydroxycholesterol.

In order to evaluate more definitively the observed aberrations in the synthesis of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids in patients with advanced cirrhosis, two bile acid biosynthesis pathways were examined by determining the efficiency of conversion of [3H]7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol and [3H] 26-hydroxycholesterol to primary bile acids. Bile acid kinetics were determined by administration of [14C]cholic and [14C]chenodeoxycholic acids. Cholic acid synthesis in cirrhotic patients was markedly depressed (170 vs. 927 mumoles per day)( while chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis was reduced to a much lesser degree (227 vs. 550 mumoles per day). The administration of [3H]7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol allowed for an evaluation of the major pathway of bile acid synthesis via the 7 alpha-hydroxylation of cholesterol. This compound was efficiently incorporated into primary bile acids by the two normal subjects (88 and 100%) and two cirrhotic patients (77 and 91%). However, the recovery of the label in cholic acid was slightly less in cirrhotic patients than in normal subjects. [3H]26-hydroxycholesterol was administered to ascertain the contribution of the 26-hydroxylation pathway to bile acid synthesis. All study subjects showed poor conversion (9 to 22%) of this intermediate into bile acids. The results of this study suggest that a major block in the bile acid synthesis pathway in cirrhosis is at the level of 7 alpha-hydroxylation of cholesterol (impairment of 7 alpha-hydroxylase) and /or in the feedback triggering mechanism regulating bile acid synthesis. The data also suggest that the 26-hydroxylation pathway in normal subjects and patients with cirrhosis is a minor contributor to synthesis of the primary bile acids. Therefore, the relative sparing of chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis observed in cirrhotic patients is not due to preferential synthesis of this bile acid via the 26-hydroxylation pathway.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nervous system role of iodocompounds in blood pressure regulation.

Approximately one-third of hypertensive patients with thyroid dysfunction become normotensive on restoration to the euthyroid state. Considerable evidence suggests that the nervous system is involved in these responses, but the mechanism has been obscure. New information demonstrates that iodothyronines are localized and processed in discrete neural systems in rat brain. Moreover, following a latent period, heart rate is significantly increased by intrathecal administration of triiodothyronine in a dose which sustains but does not increase heart rate when given intravenously. These observations add to existing biochemical and autoradiographic evidence that autonomic effects of iodocompounds may be mediated through direct neuroregulatory (neuromodulator and neurotransmitter) functions within the nervous system.

Animals↗