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Biomedical subjects

M Goldman

Publications and source records attributed to M Goldman.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Inspiratory pressure generation: comparison of subjects with COPD and age-matched normals.

We continuously monitored esophageal (Pes) and gastric (Pga) pressures and used these measurements in a three-component model to estimate instantaneous diaphragmatic (DIA), inspiratory accessory muscle (IAM), and postexpiratory recoil (PER) pressures at various times during inspiration. We validated our model both by volume-pressure relationships of the respiratory system (Vrc-Pga and Vab-Pga, where Vrc and Vab are the rib cage and abdominal volumes, respectively) as well as electromyography of the respiratory muscles. Measurements were carried out at rest and during graded treadmill exercise in 11 subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPDs) and 8 age-matched normal subjects (AMNs). AMNs were 59 +/- 2 (SE) yr and had a forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1.0) of 3.6 +/- 0.2 liters; COPDs were 66 +/- 2 yr and had a FEV1.0 of 1.0 +/- 0.1 liters. We noted the following. At rest, both AMNs and COPDs exhibited an increasing DIA pressure (PDIA) across inspiratory time (TI) at rest. As expired minute ventilation increased with exercise intensity, AMNs continued to maintain this PDIA ramp across inspiration; in contrast, COPDs exhibited higher values of PDIA during the first half of TI than during the second half. At all intensities of exercise, COPDs exhibited higher IAM and PER pressures than the AMNs.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Effects of chronic renal failure and hemodialysis on hormonal evaluation of pregnancy.

Different hormonal parameters are studied in a pregnant woman with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, alpha-fetoprotein, human placental lactogen were all higher than the normal range. This is probably related to a decreased metabolic clearance rate of these hormones. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), which is low before pregnancy and during the first week of gestation, tends to increase later. Serum estradiol is lower than the normal range. This decrease probably results from the low concentration of DHEAS available to placental aromatization. Finally, pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein concentration follows the normal range and may be considered as the most reliable parameters to evaluate the fetoplacental well-being in these high-risk pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis vs haemodialysis: a lesser risk of amyloidosis?

We compared plasma beta-2-microglobulin (beta 2M) at a 1-year interval in 25 CAPD patients and 25 patients haemodialysed with cuprophane membranes and matched for residual renal function and duration of renal replacement therapy. Plasma beta 2M remained lower in CAPD patients throughout the study, and increased significantly with time both in CAPD and haemodialysis patients, as renal function decreased. In both groups, plasma beta 2M was negatively correlated with residual creatinine clearance, the influence of the latter being much greater in haemodialysis, as demonstrated by comparison of the regression lines. In haemodialysis, but not in CAPD, plasma beta 2M also correlated with time on dialysis. In CAPD patients, the daily peritoneal output averaged 38 mg (range 16-59 mg), and was directly correlated with plasma beta 2M. CAPD thus allows a significant peritoneal removal of beta 2M, which progressively takes over from the declining renal function, resulting in lower plasma beta 2M than in matched haemodialysis patients. However, the peritoneal removal of beta 2M remains insufficient and values increase with time as renal function declines. Thus, if beta 2M amyloidosis is related to raised plasma levels, the risk of beta 2M amyloidosis in CAPD should simply be delayed as compared to haemodialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hyperactivity of donor B cells after neonatal induction of lymphoid chimerism in mice.

Balb/c mice made chimaeric by neonatal injection of semi-allogeneic (A/J x Balb/c)F1 hybrid spleen cells develop anti-DNA and rheumatoid factor-like antibodies in the context of hypergammaglobulinaemia with marked elevation of IgG1 and IgE serum levels. Chimaeric mice also display increased levels of antibodies to different haptens and to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The allotypic marker of the A/J strain is present on anti-DNA and anti-hapten antibodies. In addition, spleen cells of chimaeric mice spontaneously produce high levels of IgG1 and anti-DNA antibodies in vitro and this hyperactivity is abolished after lysis of donor lymphocytes. These findings indicate that polyclonal activation of donor B cells plays an important role in this model of autoimmunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Sequential administration of methotrexate, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil in multimodal therapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer.

Thirty-eight previously untreated patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer received three cycles of induction chemotherapy with methotrexate (120 mg/m2) followed by cisplatin (100 mg/m2) and a 5-day continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (1,000 mg/m2 per day). The response rate in 34 evaluable patients was 94%, with a complete response rate of 26%. Thirty-one patients underwent local therapy following induction chemotherapy, and 25 (81%) were rendered free of disease: 14 of 15 treated with surgery and radiotherapy and 11 of 16 treated with radiotherapy alone. At a median follow-up of 11 months, 8 patients have relapsed while the remaining 17 patients continue free of disease. The dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapy was mucositis resulting in reduction of the 5-fluorouracil dose in 28 patients. This regimen is highly effective in inducing responses in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer; 81% of the patients who complete local therapy are rendered free of disease with this multimodal approach. Due to short follow-up, the relapse rate, overall survival, and disease-free survival cannot yet be determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Indium-111-labelled leucocytes in the diagnosis of abdominal abscess.

The extensive morbidity and mortality of intra-abdominal abscess is mainly due to the delay in a diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy of 111In-labelled mixed leucocytes with gamma imaging has been investigated in 100 consecutive patients including 34 following surgery and 36 with inflammatory bowel disease. White cell scans were performed 24 h following injection of autologous 111In-labelled leucocytes and were compared with clinical outcome where abscess was only diagnosed when pus either discharged or was drained at operation. Gamma images detected 28 of the 30 abscesses with no false positives giving 93 per cent sensitivity and 100 per cent specificity. Loculi of pus were identified in 11 of the 36 patients with inflammatory bowel disease with no errors in interpretation. Inflammation was reported in 15 of the remaining 25 patients with known but not necessarily active inflammatory bowel disease. 111In-labelled leucocyte imaging provides a rapid, safe and precise method for detecting intra-abdominal abscess even in the presence of inflammatory bowel disease.

Abscess↗