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M Gobernado

Publications and source records attributed to M Gobernado.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

In vitro activity of sparfloxacin compared with those of five other quinolones.

The in vitro activity of sparfloxacin, a new difluorinated quinolone, was evaluated against 857 gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates and compared with those of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, fleroxacin, and lomefloxacin. The MIC of sparfloxacin for 90% of the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae tested was 0.5 microgram/ml (range, 0.06 to 4.0 micrograms/ml); only for members of the genera Serratia, Citrobacter, and Providencia were MICs above 1 microgram/ml. Some 90% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were inhibited by 8 micrograms of the drug per ml. The MICs for 90% of Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus faecalis were 0.12 and 2 micrograms/ml, respectively. All (100%) Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were inhibited by 0.5 microgram/ml. The inoculum size had little effect on either the MIC or the MBC of sparfloxacin. An increase in the magnesium concentration from 1.1 to 8.4 mM increased the MIC between 2 and 10 times, depending on the genus tested. Sparfloxacin was less active at pH 5. The antibacterial activity of sparfloxacin against gram-positive bacteria was generally higher than those of the quinolones with which it was compared; against Streptococcus pneumoniae, sparfloxacin was four- and eightfold more active than ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The activity of sparfloxacin against gram-negative rods was generally comparable to that of ciprofloxacin except against Enterobacter and Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas cepacia, Xanthomonas maltophilia, and Alcaligenes and Flavobacterium spp., against which sparfloxacin was the most active quinolone.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Detection of cytomegalovirus in urine by the shell-vial technique: usefulness of diluting the sample].

To assess the toxicity of urine samples on human fibroblast cell monolayer using Shell-vial technique for cytomegalovirus antigen detection. A total of 227 urine samples were processed, inoculated on Shell-vial simultaneously, being either diluted (1:1) and non diluted in transport media. After 24-48 hours incubation, the fibroblast cells monolayer was stained using fluorescein-marked monoclonal anti-cytomegalovirus antibodies. Cytomegalovirus was detected in 9.6% of samples inoculated with diluted urine, and in 5.2% of samples inoculated with non-diluted urine. Destruction of monolayer cells was seen in 13.2 and 22.4, respectively. With Shell-vial technique for detecting cytomegalovirus in urine samples, a high number of positive results was obtained using diluted urine. Also a significant minor destruction of cells monolayer was observed with the same inoculum.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Spanish experience with teicoplanin.

Teicoplanin, a narrow spectrum glycopeptide antibiotic was prospectively evaluated in an open, non-comparative manner in three Spanish university hospitals. A total of 65 patients were treated (25 females and 40 males: median age 45 years) for the following severe infections: endocarditis (5), bone and joint (9), lower respiratory (6), septicaemia (21), skin and soft tissue (13) and other miscellaneous infections (11). The median dose given was 6.8 mg/kg (range 1.0-15.1 mg/kg), for a median duration of 12 days. A total of 70 organisms were isolated, of which the most common was Staphylococcus aureus, followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci. Of these 70 organisms, 44 were eliminated by teicoplanin therapy, while 10 organisms persisted. Clinical cure was considered to have been achieved in 75% of patients, while 11% showed some improvement, leaving 11% in whom therapy had failed. The safety of teicoplanin was considered to be acceptable, only 16 out of 65 patients experiencing one or more adverse events. Of 23 adverse events, two were described as severe, the remainder being either moderate or mild. No effects due to age or dose on the safety of teicoplanin were noted. These results are in keeping with those previously reported by other groups in Western Europe, and confirm the good safety profile of teicoplanin at a dose of 6 mg/kg. Further studies are now needed to compare teicoplanin with standard antibiotic regimens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Comparative study of aztreonam in gram-negative pneumonia versus a therapeutic regimen that includes an aminoglycoside. Spanish Study Group.

Gram-negative pneumonia is a frequent complication in hospitalized patients, particularly in those with diminished defenses. The severity of the infections makes it necessary to start immediately an empirical antimicrobial therapy that usually combines a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic with an aminoglycoside (AMG), despite the potential toxicity of this regimen. We have compared the efficacy of a new beta-lactam antibiotic, aztreonam, which shows both a specific spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria and a very good diffusion into pulmonary tissue, with that of another antibiotic regimen including an AMG. Of a total of 69 patients, 43 were treated with aztreonam and the remaining patients with an AMG. Both groups were comparable with respect to the severity of infection and underlying pathology. Clinical efficacy was similar in the two regimens (81% aztreonam, 62% AMG). However, antimicrobial efficacy was superior in the aztreonam group (88% aztreonam, 65% AMG), although differences disappeared in patients treated with the combination amikacin + cefotaxime or ticarcillin in the AMG group. Colonization/superinfection was also similar in both groups, although the selection of gram-negative bacteria occurred more frequently in the AMG group. Our results suggest that aztreonam, in monotherapy, may be a useful alternative for the treatment of gram-negative pneumonia.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Aztreonam versus tobramycin in acute pyelonephritis. A comparative study].

We performed a comparative study between the monobactam antibiotic aztreonam and the aminoglycoside tobramycin in patients diagnosed as having acute pyelonephritis. The respective doses were 1 gr. IM daily for 7 days, and 100 mgr. IM q 12 h for the same period of time. Clinically, 100% of uncomplicated acute pyelonephritis and 87.5% of complicated infections cured with aztreonam. Tobramycin achieved an 80% cure rate for both types of infections. Microbiologically aztreonam was effective in all uncomplicated acute pyelonephritis, and in 69.56% of the complicated cases (overall microbiological cure rate = 78.7%). The therapeutic failures were ascribable to infections from S. faecalis, an organism naturally resistant to aztreonam. Thus, the microbiological cure rate was 84.2% in complicated pyelonephritis from organisms sensitive to this antimicrobial. The microbiological cure rate for tobramycin was 70% in acute uncomplicated, and 80% in complicated infections. We observed a good clinical and biological tolerance to both antimicrobials. No side effects were observed. Serum and blood biochemical analyses, and coagulation tests revealed no changes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

In vitro studies of tigemonam: a comparison of the minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC vs MBC).

The in vitro activity of tigemonam, a new oral monobactam, was studied with special attention to minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). Against 250 clinical isolates, it inhibited 100% of Escherichia sp., Klebsiella sp., Serratia sp., Citrobacter sp., Providencia sp., Proteus sp., Morganella sp., Aeromonas sp., Yersinia sp., Shigella sp., and Haemophilus sp. at 0.5 mg/L or less. With 1 mg/L, 75% of Enterobacter sp. were inhibited; however, three of the 20 strains tested needed more than 16 mg/L. Proteus sp., Morganella sp. and Providencia sp. were more susceptible, with MIC90s of 0.06 mg/L or less. The MBC was equal to or two times higher than the MIC. Increasing the inoculum size from 10(3) to 10(5) colony-forming units had little effect on MIC and MBC; with an inoculum of 10(7) or more, MIC and MBC increase three to eight times. MIC and MBC were a little lower in Mueller-Hinton base, and the presence of serum did not significantly change the MIC or the MBC. Tigemonam exhibits a rapid killing rate, but an increased antibiotic concentration was not accompanied by greater lethal effect, and the lethal rate at MBC was lower in trypticase soy broth (TSB) + 40% serum than in TSB alone.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1987

Study of appendicitis in children treated with four different antibiotic regimens.

This is a prospective and randomized study of 100 patients with acute appendicitis who were less than 10 years old, in which four different antibiotic regimens commonly in use against gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria were compared in terms of postoperative septic complications. The antibiotics were begun immediately preoperatively and continued for five days. Ten percent of the patients developed infection complications, with 4% requiring further surgery. The best results were obtained with cefoxitin (4% of infection), metronidazole plus amikacin and latamoxef (8%), while the regimen of clindamycin plus amikacin was associated with the greatest number of complications (20%). On analyzing the main microbiologic findings of the study, we conclude that some sort of antibiotic treatment is indicated in all types of appendicitis, due to the occult presence of bacteria in the peritoneal cavity, even without clinical evidence of gangrene or perforation. Further, we emphasize the significance of Streptococcus faecalis as being responsible, along with Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis, for serious postoperative complications.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Antimicrobial activity of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids.

The antimicrobial in vitro activity of 14 benzylisoquinoline alkaloids was investigated by agar diffusion and agar dilution methods against several genera of microorganisms that included Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Lysteria, Escherichia, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Serratia, Shigella, Mycobacterium and Candida. Anolobine was the most active compound against grampositive bacteria with MIC90 between 12 and 50 mg/l; less active were anonaine, lysicamine and liriodenine. All the alkaloids of the noraporphine and oxoaporphine groups, with the exception of isopiline, showed activity against Mycobacterium phlei (MIC 6-25 mg/l). Candida albicans ATCC26555 was inhibited by anonaine, nornantenine and xylopine (MIC 3-12 mg/l). None of the alkaloids tested had a significant activity against gramnegative rods. The action against susceptible microorganisms was bactericidal.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1986

Imipenem in the treatment of severe bacterial infections in seriously ill patients.

A multicentre, non-comparative study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin given iv to 53 seriously ill patients with severe bacterial infections, including 16 episodes of UTI, 12 pleuropulmonary, eight intra-abdominal, seven osteoarticular, and two soft tissue infections, three episodes of catheter related sepsis, two primary bacteraemias, one case of endocarditis, one of endophthalmitis, and one of disseminated gonococcal infection. Twenty-five patients were bacteraemic. The overall rate of clinical response was 94% of treated episodes; three cases failed to respond. Adverse reactions were mild and comparable with those reported with other beta-lactams. No patient had clinical superinfection; colonization occurred in seven patients. Imipenem is effective and safe as a single drug therapy for a wide range of infections in seriously ill patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Comparative in vitro activity of temocillin.

The antibacterial activity of temocillin, a novel beta-lactam antibiotic, was tested against 796 clinical isolates. We also conducted a comparative study against 8 other antibiotics. Temocillin exhibited good activity against Gram-negative organisms including Escherichia coli, and the genera Proteus, Enterobacter, Serratia, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Providencia, Salmonella, Shigella and Haemophilus: 98% of the strains were inhibited by concentrations less than or equal to 16 mg/L. The results of this in vitro study and temocillin's favourable pharmacokinetic properties suggest that temocillin is a very promising penicillin for the treatment of hospital infections caused by Gram-negative organisms.

Gram-Negative Bacteria↗
PubMed1977

The evolution of the sensitivity to fosfomycin over the past two years.

The sensitivity of 1,823 bacteriological strains of differing types is shown (E. coli, Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia, Proteus-Providence, Pseudomonas, Salmonella-Shigella-Citrobacter, Haemophilus, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus); all of clinical origin, isolated during March and April, 1975. The methods used were series of double dilutions in Mueller-Hinton agar and the disc-plate method (weight of 50 mug). A comparative study is made of the sensitivity between a part of the present strains (1,725) and another group of 1,664 germs, isolated and observed in January and February, 1973. Some variations are observed which, on general lines, do not seem to be significant, except for Klebsiella-Enterobacter and Serratia.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

New studies on placental transfer of fosfomycin.

Passage of fosfomycin across the placental barrier and the dynamics of maternal and fetal levels were determined in a group of ten mothers in active labor. To obtain a series of intrauterine fetal samples the Saling technique was used. There exists a clear relation between the levels reached in the mother and in the fetus and in function of time, as well as between the amount of antibiotic in the fetal blood 90 min after injection, and the weight of the placenta.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

Renal insufficiency and fosfomycin.

After the parenteral injection of 1 g sodium salt of fosfomycin the serum levels of the antibiotic are detected in a series of eight adult patients with different degrees of chronic renal insufficiencies four of them submitted to periodical dialysis. The results obtained reveal that the levels as well as the time of elimination of fosfomycin maintain an obvious relation to the degree of renal insufficiency in the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Fosfomycin in the treatment of gynecological infections.

Here we present the results obtained in the treatment with fosfomycin of 58 patients of diverse obstetric-gynecological infections manifested by clinical symptomology and by the initial isolation of 70 strains of different germs, all of them sensitive to this antibiotic. The types of infections were urinary, abdominal wall, perennial septicemias, and endometritis; 45 of them motivated by or resulting from pregnancy, and the remaining 13 from gynecological causes. The most frequent treatment was 1 g/6h during 10 days, using sodium salt intramuscularly in 33 cases, and calcium salt taken orally in 26. The clinical results were good in 50 cases (86.2%) with improvement in 3 (5.1%) and persistency of the infection in 5. The bacteriological evolution was good on 34 occasions (58.6%), partial in 4 (6.8%), and poor in 6 (10.3%). In 14 cases no control could be made since the wound healed. The tolerance to the antibiotic was good and no manifestations of toxicity were observed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Enteropathogenic E. coli gastroenterocolitis in neonates treated with fosfomycin.

The effect of calcium salt of fosfomycin in the treatment of 43 neonates suffering from acute gastroenterocolitis produced by enteropathogenic E. coli is evaluated. The minimal inhibitory concentration of these E. coli was, generally, lower than 128 mug/ml. Dosages of 150-200 mg/kg body weight/day were administered orally every 8 h. This treatment lasted for 4 days only. Clinical evolution was favorable in 38 (88%) babies and bacteriological evolution in 30 (70%). In eight cases a different flora to the initial was selected during the treatment with fosfomycin. None of the cases treated showed any toxic alteration attributed to the antibiotic.

Acute Disease↗