Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in vivo by nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs: evidence for the importance of pharmacokinetics.
A variety of acidic and non-acidic compounds are potent inhibitors of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in vitro. However, only a few, namely the acidic nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are useful anti-inflammatory analgesics in the clinic. Since inhibition of PG-synthesis is believed to be the main target of NSAID in inflammation this superiority of acidic compounds remains unexplained. We have considered that one explanation could be that only acidic NSAID appear in high concentrations in inflamed tissue to inhibit PG-synthesis sufficiently. To test this hypothesis the following experiments were carried out: (A) PG-synthesis and its inhibition by acidic and non-acidic NSAID was measured in vivo at the site of inflammation. It was found that in therapeutic doses only acidic NSAID were capable to reduce PG-synthesis significantly. (B) Measurement of drug concentration in inflamed tissue showed that only acidic NSAID were found in significantly higher concentrations in inflamed than in control tissue. From these observations it is concluded that a specific pharmacokinetic behaviour of acidic NSAID leading to high concentrations in inflamed tissue is a decisive aspect of their anti-inflammatory action.