Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Giroud

Publications and source records attributed to M Giroud.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Incidence and mortality of cerebral vascular complications in France].

Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) are the third cause of death after malignancy and cardiovascular disorders and the first cause of handicap in adults. This involves a range of pathological processes, dominated by ischemic CVA or cerebral infarcts, both in terms of incidence and severity. Cerebral infarcts are not viewed in the same way as myocardial infarcts since they involve the elderly and, as yet, there is no treatment during the acute phase, the only therapeutic advances having concerned primary and secondary preventive treatment. There is nevertheless renewed interest in, not to say rediscovery of, this pathology. Ischemic CVA and ischemic cardiac accidents have major similarities from both an etiological and prognostic standpoint. Furthermore, the heart plays a considerable role in the pathogenesis of many ischemic CVA, indicating the need for effective preventive treatment. Only a population-based registry is able to provide information regarding the actual status of a disorder, its course and natural history.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1993

Plasma lipoproteins in cortical infarction versus transient ischaemic attacks: a case control study.

The authors investigated the relationship between plasma lipids and the risk for cortical infarction (61 cases) and transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) (35 cases) compared with matched controls. They observed a maximal increase of total cholesterol, of very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, total apolipoprotein (Apo), B,LDL-Apo B and Apo-A1, and small size high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and large size HDL whose separation was not possible. In contrast they observed a decrease of HDL-ApoE, a distribution of LDL in a single fraction and the presence of LDL of low weight in the group with cortical infarction with or without cardiac arrhythmias. For the first time, we describe a decrease of the HDL-ApoE/total ApoE ratio. TIA differed from the former group by a low level of HDL and the lack of abnormalities of Apo-A1, distribution of small and large size HDL, and in the distribution and the weight of LDL. These data suggest that previously demonstrated differences in LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels between patients with ischaemic stroke and control subjects may apply to patients with cortical infarction, and that in TIA there are changes in the distribution and the weight of LDL.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Depression and partial epilepsy: relevance of laterality of the epileptic focus.

In a prospective study of 50 epileptic patients (20 with a left hemisphere epileptic focus, 20 with a right one and 10 with a cryptogenic generalized epilepsy), the authors show that depression as appreciated by the H.A.R.D. score, is more frequent and severe in partial epilepsy in males, and when the epileptic focus is localized on left hemisphere. This association is related to the duration of epilepsy, the number of seizures, but not to age or medication status. Vulnerability of left hemisphere to depression is analysed, and neuro-chemical mechanisms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

So-called generalized epilepsy in children leading to frontal epilepsy with a frontal syndrome in adulthood: a clinical, EEG and radiological study of 10 cases.

The authors report 10 cases of epileptic patients with the onset in childhood of the clinical and EEG features of cryptogenic generalized epilepsy which evolved into frontal epilepsy, confirmed by the clinical and EEG features and was associated with a frontal syndrome. CT-scan and MRI showed mild atrophy in the frontal area, while SPECT showed a decrease in the frontal blood flow in 70% of the cases. The authors consider that frontal epilepsy may mimic generalized epilepsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Lissencephaly. Clinical, electroencephalographic and radiological aspects].

We report 2 cases of lissencephaly and review the cardinal symptoms: microcephalia, mental retardation, pyramidal syndrome and generalized epilepsy. CT-Scan and MRI show the anatomical abnormalities of this malformation: microcephalia, smooth cortex reducing the surface of white matter and lack of sulci and gyri. The fact that the myelin is normal on MRI suggests that this major disorder of neuronal migration does not come from radial glial fibers.

Cerebral Cortex↗
PubMed1993

[Transient neurologic deficit preceding intracerebral hemorrhage. Physiopathological hypotheses].

Seventeen out of 238 cases (7%) of intracerebral hemorrhage were preceded by transient neurological deficit. In two cases, intracerebral hemorrhage and transient neurological deficit were thought to be due to amyloid angiopathy, this diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy in one case. In one case, intracerebral hemorrhage and transient neurological deficit were due to a cavernoma. In the other 14 cases, hypertension was the major risk factor. In 3 of them, CT-scans made after the transient neurological deficit but before the intracerebral hemorrhage showed deep small hypodensities suggestive of lacunas. The mechanisms of transient neurological deficit preceding intracerebral hemorrhage are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Agenesis of the corpus callosum and epilepsy. 26 cases].

Agenesis of the corpus callosum is a cerebral malformation diagnosed by CT scan. Beside mental retardation, the most frequent clinical manifestation is epilepsy. In a personal study of 26 cases, the authors analysed the clinical features of epileptic seizures observed with this malformation. They put the stress on the paradoxical presence of generalized seizures.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

[Functional hemispheric arousal and egocentric reference. An experimental study in 20 normal subjects].

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of each hemispheric functional arousal (right or left) on the designation of a subjective egocentric reference. The subjective designation of a egocentric reference was measured and compared in 20 right-handers healthy volunteers in cognitive tasks concerning either the right or the left hemisphere. The location of the egocentric reference was different during right or left hemispheric arousal. The hemispheric arousal induce a displacement of the egocentric reference to the contralateral space. These results are compared with clinical and neurophysiological studies and suggest new explorations to the mechanisms of heminegligence.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Mortality of cerebral infarction with auricular fibrillation. Results of a population study].

To evaluate the relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and mortality of the cerebral infarction, we have studied in a population survey, 540 cerebral infarctions, whose 162 were with AF (30%) and 378 without AF (70%). The group with AF differs significantly from that without AF, by the higher frequency of women (62% versus 35%), older subjects (75.4 +/- 10.2 years old versus 69.1 +/- 9.7 years old), a severe loss of consciousness, a more frequent subcortical infarction on CT-Scan. During a period of 24 months, 139 patients died, 64 among the 162 patients with AF (40%), 75 among the 378 patients without AF (20%). Rates of death are different in the 2 groups with, in the group with AF, at 1, 6, 18 and 24 months a rate of 20, 24, 37 and 40 percent. To the opposite, in the group without AF, the rates are 8, 12, 16 and 20 percent. The authors try to research the factors that may explain the mortality linked to AF, and they insist on the necessity to look for AF on admission for a stroke, to identify a subgroup of stroke patients with a high risk of death.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Sphenoidal electrode insertion under local analgesia in children.

The indications for method and the results of sphenoidal electrode insertion under local analgesia are evaluated in children. This technique makes it possible to study the hippocampal area, which cannot be studied by other extracranial electrodes. It also localizes in a temporal lobe some complex seizures without electrical events on surface recordings, complex seizures with bilateral temporal spikes or a frontotemporal focus of spikes, as well as those with a temporal focus with bilateral synchronous spikes in standard EEG. Therefore, sphenoidal electrodes inserted without heavy general analgesia enable temporal seizures to be identified and localized, leading to more specific neuroradiological and neurophysiological explorations and helping in this way to select possible patients for epileptic surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[REM-sleep behavior disorder and olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy: a case report].

The authors report the observation of REM-sleep behavior disorder in a patient also suffering from an olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy. They discuss the place of this sleep disorder among the parasomnias, its pathophysiological basis and its features similar to those of the somnambulism. Only a polysomnography study can help to make the diagnosis.

Female↗
PubMed1992

[Investigation via electroencephalogram with sphenoidal electrodes of a case of reading epilepsy: role of the temporal lobe in the emotional evocation of seizures].

Reading epilepsy in a 20-year-old male. Electroencephalographic study with sphenoidal electrodes localized the onset of critical spikes in the temporal areas (especially the left). The frequency and diffusion of critical spikes were increased when material read had an emotional content. This case report supports the "communication" hypothesis as opposed to hypotheses that emphasize proprioceptive and other "lower order" stimuli in evoking seizures while reading. The authors discuss the role of the temporal lobe in reading: lexical function, treatment of visual information and emotional integration of stimuli.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Plasma lipoproteins in cortical versus lacunar infarction with or without cardiac arrhythmia, and in transient ischaemic attacks: a case control study.

We investigated the relation of plasma lipids to the risk for cortical infarction with (22 cases) or without (38 cases) cardiac arrhythmias, for lacunar infarction (28 cases) and transient ischaemic attacks (TAI) (15 cases). In the group of cortical infarction with or without cardiac arrhythmias, we observed a maximum increase of total cholesterol, of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, total Apolipoprotein (Apo) B, LDL-Apo B and Apo-A1. On the contrary, we observed a decrease of total ApoE, HDL-ApoE, a distribution of LDL in a single layer and the presence of LDL of small weight. TAI is different from the former group by a low level of HDL and the lack of abnormalities of Apo-A1, and on the distribution and the weight of LDL. Finally, lacunar infarction presents a normal plasma lipoprotein profile. These data suggest that previously demonstrated differences in LDL-cholesterol levels between patients with ischaemic stroke and control subjects may apply to patients with cortical but not lacunar infarction. The presence or not of a cardiac arrhythmia doesn't give a special lipoprotein profile, and TAI has no changes on the distribution and the weight of LDL. Therefore, separation of ischaemic strokes into types based on mechanism as large vessel atherosclerosis versus small vessel atherosclerosis may help clarify lipid-related risk factors in cerebrovascular disease.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗