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Biomedical subjects

M Giroud

Publications and source records attributed to M Giroud.

288 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Interhemispheric disconnection syndrome in glioma of the posterior part of the corpus callosum].

The syndrome of interhemispheric disconnexion has been systematically researched in 10 cases of medial and posterior callosal tumours. The cases have been documented with CT Scann and two of them were anatomically verified. Two had a complete disconnexion syndrome; another, whose lesion was situated on the forceps major, had no sign of disconnexion. In the others, the semiology was proportional to the extent of the tumour, sometimes minimal and in this case, only corresponding to an extinction of the left ear in the dichotic test, which therefore appeared in our series as the most constant sign of a transfer-trouble. Among the other signs, left tactile anomia was found in two patients, left ideomotor apraxia in three, left visual anomia in five. Seven patients had a right constructional apraxia, which was bilateral in five of them. Left agraphia was noted in five patients, among which three had also a right hand dysgraphia, whose physiopathology is discussed. Tactile alexia was noted in three patients, two had a trouble of somesthesic information's transfer, one had a pure alexia (left occipital lesion plus splenium). Signs of hemispheric independence were uncommon: one patient presented a "foreign-hand sign".

Agraphia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Posthemorrhage porencephalic cysts in the neonatal period. Diagnosis. Etiology. Development. Value of transfontanellar echography].

Cerebral echotomography interest in showing neonatal cerebral hemorrhage and their follow up toward porencephaly is pointed out in 4 neonates. The authors recall the electroencephalographic features which can lead to the diagnosis. Then, they insist upon a new concept which is the long delay between onset of the cyst and onset of hemiplegia. The rationnal for this concept is the gradual maturation of the pyramidal tracts in infancy.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Recessive autosomal spastic ataxia].

The authors report the case of a 12 year-old child who presented with a syndrome, isolated in Quebec, including spasticity, ataxia, distal muscle wasting, pes cavus, retinal striation, and the frequent presence of a prolapse of the mitral valve. This autosomal recessive disease is similar to Friedreich disease.

Ataxia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Enlarging fractures of skull bones. Apropos of 2 cases].

The authors report two cases of children, who had a severe head injury with large skull fracture. If neurological evolution was good, on the other hand, skull fracture went on to develop, to give a bone defect with a leptomeningeal cyst of arachnoidal origin, as it is pointed out by the classical authors. The authors insist upon the specificity of this entity in childhood, and upon the necessity to observe by repeated clinical and radiological examinations any young child who have a large skull fracture.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[N-acetyl-aspartate abnormalities in internal-temporal epileptic foci using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy].

The aim of this study was to characterize the neurochemical abnormalities related to N-acetyl-aspartate which is a neuronal marker, within an epilepticus focus located in the internal-temporal area, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Eleven patients with a mono-hippocampal epileptics focus on clinical and per-critical electroencephalographical criteria, were matched with 11 controls by age, sex and laterality. Proton spectroscopy of a volume of 8 cm3 was performed within the ipsilateral and the contralateral internal-temporal area and within the 2 hippocampus of controls. Volumetry of the ipsilateral and the contralateral hippocampus and of the 2 hippocampus of controls was performed using resonance magnetic imaging. All these measurements were performed during the interictal stage. The results were concordant to show a decrease of the ratio N-acetyl-aspartate/choline and N-acetyl-aspartate/creatine within the epilepticus focus, in relation with a hippocampal atrophy. This study finds similar results to those of other previous works. The decrease of N-acetyl-aspartate levels within the epilepticus focus could be related to a decrease of the neuronal cell density. This procedure is able to show a decrease of the levels of this metabolite within an internal temporal epilepticus focus and associated with a hippocampal atrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gyratory epileptic seizures. Radioclinical correlations].

The authors report 3 cases of gyratory seizures whose epileptic nature was demonstrated on the following features. They appeared with a loss of consciousness. In 2 cases, they ended with a tonic-clonic generalized fit and in the 3 cases, they were mixed with other generalized seizures. From an etiological point of view, in 2 cases, a deep lesion was discovered, the first one near the paracentral lobule, the second in the para-thalamic area. The third one was an idiopathic generalized epilepsy on clinical and electroencephalographic grounds. These 3 cases focus on the difficulties to classify gyratory seizures that may appear in 2 opposite situations, namely in symptomatic partial epilepsy and in idiopathic generalized epilepsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of local cerebral hypoperfusion in the diagnosis of frontal syndromes. Importance in medical expert assessment of head injuries].

The importance of the symptoms linked to a frontal disorder in the intellectual and behavioral sequelas of severe cranial trauma, is now measured carefully because these troubles are one of the most important obstacle to the social and professional come-back. The handicap linked to a disorder of the frontal lobe is not well known in all its neurological, mental and sociological dimensions because the diagnosis is not easy. To help to this diagnosis, the study of cerebral blood flow with SPECT is usefull in medical practice. We present here 4 clinical cases of post-trauma frontal syndrome not easy to measure. With a measure of cerebral blood flow with SPECT, it was observed a decrease of frontal blood flow, that allowed to link the neuropsychological symptom to a frontal lobe disorder. It seems that in these conditions the post-trauma frontal syndrome is not so uncommon.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors. A benign tumor cause of partial epilepsy in young adults].

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) is a newly recognized brain lesion first reported in 1988 by Daumas-Duport et al. The authors described five cases of DNT, that occurred in young people and were characterized by partial seizures. Seizures could become intractable and secondary generalised. Usually, the interictal neurological examination was normal. In most cases, computed tomography showed a supratentorial, "pseudocystic" low density appearance associated in some cases with calcific hyperdensity or focal contrast enhancement. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a predominantly intracortical lesion. Common features included low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal on T2-weighted images. Temporal and frontal lobes were mainly involved. Dysembryoplastic origin explained the clinical and radiological stability and the benign evolution of this tumor. Tumor resection was required only when epilepsy was intractable or when there was intracranial hypertension. Earlier intervention can prevent the physical and psychosocial damage resulting from chronic seizures and can improve the prognosis for these young patient. Histologically, DNT have been incorporated amond the category of neuronal and mixed neuronoglial tumors. Three patterns are described: a simple form with a unique glioneuronal element, a complex form with specific glioneuronal element, nodules being made of multiple variants looking like astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas or oligo-astrocytomas, foci of dysplastic cortical disorganisation, and a non specific form. When specific glioneuronal composant is absent (50% of cases), the identification of DNT has therapeutic and prognostic implications because aggressive therapy may be avoided, sparing these young patients the long term effects of radio-or chemotherapy.

Adult↗