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Biomedical subjects

M Girard

Publications and source records attributed to M Girard.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Automated maintenance of a central file of blood donors].

Data processing of medical information gathered by the physician working in the mobile unit, has been optimized and automatized. Thanks to the simultaneous use of an optical mark reader and a lightpen it is possible to achieve a quick data entry without a manual keyboard as soon as the mobile blood units bring back the samples. The donnors' medical cards which accompany each blood sample are transmitted from the mobile unit to the laboratory for better test accuracy. This simple system, operating since October 1984, has proven its reliability and efficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Depression and anxiety: mianserin and nomifensine compared in a double-blind multicentre trial.

Mianserin and nomifensine were compared in 61 depressive patients in a randomized double-blind multicentre study. During the first week the antidepressant dosages were low, mianserin 30 mg and nomifensine 50 mg. After the first week dosages were doubled to 60 mg and 100 mg respectively. At baseline there were no significant differences between treatment groups for sex, age, class of depression, previous treatment, somatic symptoms, previous vital events, global clinical appreciation, global sleep appreciation, and depression assessed on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) or the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Assessments were made at 7, 14 and 28 days. There were no significant differences between treatment groups for HDRS, MADRS or HARS, either globally or when divided into endogenous and reactive subgroups. Compared with nomifensine there were significantly greater scores with mianserin for global clinical appreciation and global sleep appreciation. There were more withdrawals and dosage changes with nomifensine than with mianserin. Regarding concomitant treatment, significantly less anxiolytics were prescribed to the mianserin group. This study confirms that mianserin is an effective and sedative antidepressant whereas nomifensine is an effective and stimulating antidepressant.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1985

Membrane markers, target cell specificity, and sensitivity to biological response modifiers distinguish human natural cytotoxic from human natural killer cells.

In the present report, we provide evidence for the distinct existence of a human natural cytotoxic (HNC) cell. This HNC cell can be identified by the monoclonal antibody HNC-1A3 and by the absence of the T10 antigen, other antigenic markers being shared, at least in part, with natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, or monocytes. In addition, the HNC cell preferentially kills the MA-160 target, the herpes simplex virus-1-infected MA-160 cell line, and the two human tumor cell lines HEp-2 and HF-2. It has weak lytic activity against the NK-sensitive K562 cell line or its relatively NK-resistant clone I subline. The cytotoxic activity of the HNC cell is not augmented by interferon but is markedly enhanced by interleukin 2 and by a measles-virus-induced factor (MVF). Furthermore, it is not inhibited by cyclosporin A (CsA), in contrast to NK cell cytotoxicity against the K562 target cell line which is augmented by interferon, inhibited by CsA, and not affected by MVF. These data suggest that spontaneously cytotoxic cells may belong to more than one subset of human lymphocytes, and that HNC cells may be defined in man using membrane markers, target cell specificity, and sensitivity to biological response modifiers.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Homogeneity among Senegalese strains of yellow fever virus.

A series of 16 yellow fever (YF) viruses isolated from mosquitoes, monkeys and humans in different epidemiological contexts in Senegal and The Gambia between 1976 and 1983, was analyzed by T1 RNase oligonucleotide fingerprints of the genomic 32P-labeled RNA, by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the intracellular virus-specified polypeptides, by peptide mapping of the envelope E glycoprotein and by immunological reactivities with monoclonal antibody fluids (MAF's) against the E glycoprotein. These strains had not been passed in suckling mice and were isolated in Aedes pseudoscutellaris Mos 61 cultured cells. These strains showed no virulence in three-week-old Swiss mice when injected intraperitoneally. Direct comparison of the large T1 RNase-resistant oligonucleotide maps indicated a relative genetic stability (92%-100%). A greater change was observed when these strains were compared with an epidemic YF strain isolated in 1965 with an oligonucleotide fingerprint map sharing 82%-88% similarity. The YF-specified proteins were identical in their molecular weight, and the fragments obtained after limited proteolysis of the envelope protein using protease V8 or alphachymotrypsine indicated that the strains were chemically similar. Only a few differences were observed when the strains were seroneutralized with MAF's, but no relation could be made with genetic or biological data. This suggested that the YF virus strains isolated from the same geographic area and during a short period of time had evolved slowly. Moreover, all the viruses were closely related and no correlation could be established with the apparent variations in virulence in nature.

Aedes↗
PubMed1985

Synoviorthesis with colloidal 32P chromic phosphate for hemophilic arthropathy: clinical follow-up.

Thirty-one synoviortheses were performed in 22 joints of 14 hemophilic patients (aged 12 to 28 years) with chronic synovitis and for whom "conventional treatments" were considered ineffective. Except for patients with inhibitors, conventional treatments included three to six months of adequate prophylactic therapy with the missing coagulation factors, intensive physiotherapy and, when indicated, antiinflammatory agents and orthosis. Colloidal 32P chromic phosphate was injected intraarticularly in doses of 1.0 mCi for knees and of 0.5 mCi for the other joints. Time of follow-up ranged from two to five years. Frequency and importance of bleeding decreased in all patients. Effect on range of motion was best in knees; six of the seven treated improved and one was unchanged. In elbows, flexion-extension was improved in four cases, unchanged in five and decreased in one; pronation-supination was decreased in four cases. Range of motion was not affected in shoulders and ankles except for internal-external rotation which was improved in two of three shoulders treated. The results of 13 synoviortheses in four hemophilic patients with high titer factor VIII inhibitors were comparable to those in hemophiliacs with no inhibitors. However, in three of the four patients synoviorthesis had to be repeated after two to four years for recurrence of synovitis. Extraarticular escape of radioactivity was monitored 62 times for 17 synoviortheses in 12 patients; extraarticular counts never exceeded 4% of the intraarticular counts. Chromosome aberrations were found not to be increased after treatment in the seven patients in whom adequate analysis could be done.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Recombination and rescue between temperature-sensitive mutants of poliovirus type 1.

Four different temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants derived from the Mahoney strain of poliovirus type 1, were crossed in an infectious center recombination test. Evidence for recombination was obtained in three crosses, with a different segregation of an unselected marker, resistance to guanidine, in each case. Evidence for genetic complementation between ts mutants was not found, except with one set of RNA- mutants, ts 221 and ts 035. The marked virus yield enhancement which was observed in cells mixedly infected by these two mutants resulted from a nonreciprocal rescue of ts 035 by ts 221. The effects of ts 221 input multiplicity and of guanidine inhibition of viral RNA replication on the rescue were analyzed. The results showed that yield enhancement of ts 035 in mixed infection could be correlated to the low level RNA replication of ts 221 at the nonpermissive temperature.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Biochemical characterization of poliovirus type 1 temperature-sensitive mutants.

Four temperature-sensitive mutants selected upon chemical mutagenesis of the poliovirus type 1 Mahoney strain [H. Agut, T. Matsukura, C. Bellocq, M. Dréano, J. C. Nicolas, and M. Girard, Ann. Virol. (Inst. Pasteur), 132E, 445-460 (1981)]. were analyzed by T1 oligonucleotide mapping. Three mutants (ts 203, ts 221, and ts 035) had T1 fingerprints identical to that of wild-type virus while mutant ts 247 exhibited two differences on oligonucleotides that mapped in the region of the genome coding for the replicase (polypeptide 4b) and for the protease (polypeptide 7c) of the virus. Cells were infected with each of the four mutants separately, labeled with [35S]methionine, and the labeled polypeptides were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Mutants and wild-type virus polypeptides showed a similar electrophoretic pattern except for the replicase and the protease of ts 247 which showed abnormal apparent molecular weights. The labeled proteins were subjected to two-dimensional isoelectrofocusing and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Polypeptides 4b (replicase) and 2 (the common precursor to polypeptides 7c and 4b) of ts 247 and ts 035 exhibited distinct charge alterations when compared to the corresponding wild-type polypeptides. These alterations were also found on polypeptide 6a in the case of ts 247 and on polypeptide 6b in the case of ts 035, both polypeptides resulting from an alternate cleavage of polypeptide 2.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A transcript from the S segment of the Germiston bunyavirus is uncapped and codes for the nucleoprotein and a nonstructural protein.

Analysis of the RNAs present in BHK-21 cells infected with Germiston virus showed that the transcripts from the L and M segments have a size similar to that of their template, whereas two types of complementary RNA are transcribed from the S segment. One, S1, is a full-length "plus" RNA strand (antigenome), and the other, S2, is an incomplete plus RNA strand which serves as mRNA for at least the synthesis of the N protein and a virus-specific nonstructural polypeptide, p12. The 5' ends of these two transcripts appeared to be identical and complementary to the 3' ends of the viral RNA. Our results suggest that transcription of the S fragment either stops 100 to 150 nucleotides from the 5' end of the template, generating an S2 molecule, or continues, generating an S1 molecule. Neither the S1 antigenome nor the S2 mRNA molecules were polyadenylated at their 3' ends or capped at their 5' ends.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The use of a monoclonal antibody and of DNA recombinant technology for the localization of a poliovirus neutralization epitope in viral capsid polypeptide VP1.

Poliovirus cDNA sequences encoding type 1 capsid polypeptide VP1 were fused in phase into the beta-lactamase sequence of pBR322. The resulting recombinant plasmid pSW119 expressed in E. coli a VP1-beta-lactamase fusion protein which reacted with antibodies raised against poliovirus capsid polypeptide VP1 and with a monoclonal poliovirus type 1 neutralizing antibody C3. Deletions of various length were introduced into the VP1 sequence. The truncated proteins expressed by the deleted plasmids did not react further with C3 when the region of VP1 amino acids 91-104 was deleted. A synthetic peptide corresponding to this region of VP1 (amino acids 93-104) was chemically synthesized. It was found to inhibit the seroneutralization of poliovirus by C3 antibodies and, once coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, it was specifically immunoprecipitated with C3. Therefore, the C3 epitope recognized by the poliovirus neutralizing monoclonal antibody is located within the region of amino acids 93-104 of capsid polypeptide VP1.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

[Initial results of a pharmacokinetic study of pipothiazine and its palmitic ester (Piportil L4) in a schizophrenic population].

Plasma kinetics of pipotiazine have been studied in ten schizophrenic patients after oral administration of single dose of pipotiazine at 7 a.m. (30 mg, drops). Peak plasma concentrations are reached one hour after administration (41.8 +/- 19,9 ng/ml) and then rapidly decline until 24 h (2.2 +/- 1.2 ng/ml). During the following days plasma concentrations remain stable at the same sampling times. After 3 days wash-out and first intramuscular injection of pipotiazine palmitate (100 mg) main pharmacokinetic data are found: plasma concentrations of pipotiazine are not detectable during at less 3 days after injection, maximal drug level is attained during second week after i.m. (1.7 +/- 0.9 ng/ml). A period of decline is then recorded. Furthermore the mean ratio between pipotiazine plasma concentration after oral and i.m. administration is about 20. When pipotiazine palmitate is given every fourth week, steady state seems to be reached as early as the second month.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

The regulatory effect of histamine on the immune response: III. Defect on in vitro IgE production in atopics.

Spontaneous in vitro production of IgE was found higher in a group of untreated grass sensitive atopic patients than in normal volunteers when assessed at the cellular level with a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. This study also confirmed the increase of IgE synthesis after pokeweed mitogen stimulation in non-atopic donors and its decrease in atopic patients. Moreover, in this work we looked for a potential defect in immunoregulatory functions in atopic patients toward the in vitro IgE production. Indeed, histamine is known to activate suppressor cells capable, in turn, of suppressing IgG and IgE production from normal cells. In atopic patients, histamine could activate cells capable of suppressing IgG production but not IgE. Furthermore, similar findings were found when Concanavalin A-induced suppressor cells were examined. These findings suggest (a) a defective regulatory function towards IgE in atopic patients and (b) that the same subpopulation of suppressor cells seems to be activated by histamine and ConA and defective in atopic patients.

Antibody-Producing Cells↗
PubMed1983

Host range temperature-conditional mutants in the adenovirus DNA binding protein are defective in the assembly of infectious virus.

R(ts107)202 is a host range temperature-conditional mutant of adenovirus type 5. This mutant is temperature sensitive for replication and plaquing in 293 cells but is temperature independent for growth and plaquing in HeLa cells (J. C. Nicolas, F. Suarez, A. J. Levine, and M. Girard (1981) Virology 108, 521-524). The mutant was isolated in HeLa cells as a temperature-independent revertant of the H5ts107 temperature-sensitive mutant that maps in the adenovirus DNA binding protein (DBP). The reasons for the temperature conditional phenotype of this mutant in 293 cells were investigated. The mutant synthesized an unstable DBP in both HeLa and 293 cells at 39 degrees. In 293 cells at 39 degrees, about two- to threefold less viral DNA was synthesized by r(ts107)202 as compared to Ad5wt. R(ts107)202 infected cells at 39 degrees produced normal (wild-type) amounts of all detectable late viral structural proteins. The mutant failed, however, to produce infectious virus or assemble virus particles in 293 cells at 39 degrees. The altered DBP may therefore play a role in the assembly of virus particles, either directly or indirectly via an altered DNA structure. The failure of r(ts107)202 to assemble virion particles in 293 cells at 39 degrees furthermore suggests that virus assembly is dependent upon cellular factors that differ in HeLa and 293 cell.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1983

A poliovirus type 1 neutralization epitope is located within amino acid residues 93 to 104 of viral capsid polypeptide VP1.

Using nuclease Bal31, deletions were generated within the poliovirus type 1 cDNA sequences, coding for capsid polypeptide VP1, within plasmid pCW119. The fusion proteins expressed in Escherichia coli by the deleted plasmids reacted with rabbit immune sera directed against poliovirus capsid polypeptide VP1 (alpha VP1 antibodies). They also reacted with a poliovirus type 1 neutralizing monoclonal antibody C3, but reactivity was lost when the deletion extended up to VP1 amino acids 90-104. Computer analysis of the protein revealed a high local density of hydrophilic amino acid residues in the region of VP1 amino acids 93-103. A peptide representing the sequence of this region was chemically synthesized. Once coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, this peptide was specifically immunoprecipitated by C3 antibodies. The peptide also inhibited the neutralization of poliovirus type 1 by C3 antibodies. We thus conclude that the neutralization epitope recognized by C3 is located within the region of amino acids 93-104 of capsid polypeptide VP1.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Expression of poliovirus capsid polypeptide VP1 in Escherichia coli.

A recombinant plasmid (pPV1-958) carrying a poliovirus cDNA insert corresponding to nucleotides 1-5750 of the poliovirus RNA genome was constructed through in vitro recombination of two plasmids carrying overlapping poliovirus cDNA inserts (Van der Werf et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78 (1981) 5983-5987). pPV1-958 was then cleaved with PstI and the fragment carrying the sequence encoding capsid polypeptide VP1 was isolated and subcloned at the PstI site of pBR322. The VP1 sequence was successfully fused with the 5' sequence of the beta-lactamase gene by deleting 300-350 bp from each side of the PvuI site of the plasmid with nuclease BAL31. One of the resulting plasmids, pSW119, expressed an Mr 49 000 VP1-beta-lactamase-fusion protein, which was specifically immunoprecipitated with anti-VP1 immune serum but not by hyperimmune sera raised against native or heat-inactivated virus.

Capsid↗
PubMed1983

[Computerized management of a stock of blood products].

We describe in this paper the management of the stock of perishable products in the Centre Departemental de Transfusion Sanguine des Hauts-de-Seine. The use of computer and Codabar labels enables a complete no-transcription system. The logical organisation of stock allows a better response to the specific needs of our customers. The progressive development of programmation enables a good adaptation of working methods and makes the setting of the system much easier in the blood bank.

Blood Banks↗