Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Gersdorff

Publications and source records attributed to M Gersdorff.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Functional results of velopharyngoplasty: apropos of 55 cases].

From 1991 until 1998, 55 three to twelve year-old patients underwent a velopharyngoplasty to correct velopharyngeal insufficiency. They had indeed severe hypernasality with or without gross reflux of food matter into the nasal cavities or behavioural disturbances. Eighty-two percent had a closed cleft palate. Forty percent presented with mental retardation, heart diseases or multiple syndromal defects. They all had had a previous speech therapy for a long (months) or a very long (years) period of time. In the post operative period, hypernasality disappeared totally or partially in eighty-five percent; reflux disappeared in almost all cases. Middle ear pathologies were not more frequent and were also less severe. Behavioral disturbances associated with a severe speech defect were also less pronounced.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Our classification of tympanic retraction pockets.

A classification of tympanic retraction pockets is indispensable in order to standardise their evaluation. In this manner, the evolution of the pathology can be carefully followed and the most appropriate therapy chosen. The authors propose adapting their classification to endoscopy which permits the inspection of the depths of certain pockets, otherwise invisible to examination under microscope, thus ensuring a better follow-up.

Ear Diseases↗
PubMed1998

Imaging and cochlear implant.

The auditory pathway imaging may be morphologic and/or functional. The high resolution computed tomography and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide an evaluation of the anatomical and structural landmarks useful for a safe and successful cochlear implantation. The electrical stimulations supplied by the cochlear implant give rise to ascending electrochemical activities reaching the cortex. These activities can be recorded with scalp electrodes by Evoked Potentials (EP) or fields techniques and eventually translated in isochronic or isopotential brain mapping. These techniques provide a very sharp temporal resolution with an imprecise spatial resolution. The late auditory EP of implantees are closely comparable to the responses of normal hearing people. The neuronal metabolism's increase is associated with a cerebral blood flow increase. Comparing regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) between two or more conditions allows the localisation of brain areas involved in a fixed task. Single photon or positron emission tomography and functional MRI (fMRI) demonstrate cBF changes associated with an auditory stimulation. (f)MRI is contraindicated in cochlear implantees.

Brain↗
PubMed1998

Role of speech therapy and sign language prior to cochlear implantation.

The speech therapist should assess and develop the communication skills of the deaf child prior and after a cochlear implantation. The goals are first the acquisition of a useful communication system by the deaf child (for avoiding a cognitive stimulation lack) and parallely the acquisition of good oral language competencies. The different modes of communication useable in the profoundly deaf education are presented. Exclusive sign language use is not indicated in implanted children. It is well demonstrated that an exclusive oral communication is associated with an insufficient knowledge of the oral language. The total communication (combination of listening, speech reading, signing with or without finger spelling) is a defective communication mode with a bad representation of the morpho-syntactic and the phonologic aspects of the oral language. The best choice seems to be the simultaneously use of a spoken language and a manually coding of their phonological structures. The limits of this alternative are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Cochlear implantation in patients with Cogan's syndrome: a review of four cases.

Cogan's syndrome is a rare disorder that is characterized by a rapid onset of bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss associated with vertigo and tinnitus, ocular involvement (most commonly an interstitial keratitis) and variable systemic symptoms. We review our experience with four cases treated in our department. We describe their symptoms, the evolution of their disease, the diagnosis, and the radiological investigations with computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. When medical treatment with corticosteroids failed and no benefit could be obtained with hearing aids at each patient's end stage, all patients received a cochlear implant with excellent results. The considerations for implantation in these patients are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Use of costal cartilage in middle ear surgery.

Use of costal cartilage in middle ear surgery. Tympanic membrane retraction often occurs in otologic pathology. In an effort to reduce this pathology, the surgical procedure considered incorporates the use of a new material which diminishes retraction and allows freer movement of the eardrum. Since 1991, we have been using costal cartilage allograft obtained from donors and treated to prevent disease transmission. The allografts were used for tympanoplasty, retraction pockets and attic reconstruction. More than 150 patients were treated and the results evaluated in order to determine the indications of this new material.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1997

The relevance of using tragal cartilage in tympanoplasty.

Chronic endotympanic depression is a pathological situation which leads to tympanic atelectasis, retraction pockets and cholesteatoma. It is also at the origin of tympanoplasty failure. Tragal composite perichondrium-cartilage graft is a procedure which gives good results in these difficult surgical cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

[Cochlear implants].

Cochlear implants aim at the rehabilitation of profound bilateral deafness. The cochlear implant is a prosthesis made out of surgically implanted cochlear electrodes connected to an external vocal processor. The external acoustic signals are converted into electrical signals coded by the vocal processor. They are then sent out, by a transcutaneous mode, to an internal receptor. This receptor transmits the information to the intracochlear electrodes. Initially, the cochlear implantation was recommended to patients totally deaf following a trauma, a degenerative disease of the inner ear, a meningitis or the use of ototoxic drugs. These patients could not gain from conventional hearing aids and were condemned to silence. More recently, the authors have been impressed by spectacular results with patients having lost their hearing during adulthood (postlingual). The challenge here is quite different, as its aim is to open up--and not to reopen--a child to a sensation that he has never perceived before. This allows the child to develop a coding, a recognition of the acoustic message. The first results are very encouraging. Scientifically, the implantation is also a research tool in various fields: surgical, neurophysiological, neuropsychological, speech therapy, social and cultural. The cochlear implant is an "avant-garde" project. It has changed our approach to profound deafness. It represents the only hope for the profoundly deaf person to reach a satisfactory rehabilitation and social integration.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

[Objective tinnitus and velar myoclonus: apropos of a case of a child].

The syndrome in which velar myoclonus is associated with objective tinnitus is rare, and in the adult corresponds most commonly with a lesion in the dentato-rubro-olivary tract. In the child, no lesion can usually be found. The disorders of function resulting from this syndrome are very disabling. Many forms of treatment have been proposed, and the results have been found to be disappointing. The authors report the case of a child in which muscle relaxants were used to very good effect, and emphasize the fact that the natural history of the condition in childhood is one of spontaneous remission, so that aggressive treatment is not appropriate.

Child↗
PubMed1997

[Chronic osteomatous otitis media: apropos of 2 cases].

Osteomatous chronic otitis media is an extremely rare clinical entity. Fleury has described three types: a massive type, a diffuse attico-antral type, and a localised type. This latter is equivalent to a state of chronic inflammation of the middle or outer ear, accompanied by bony excresscences of osteomatous type. Here we add two additional cases to the few which are to be found in the literature on this subject. We would also like to emphasize the practical-surgical difficulty of treating such cases, with the vital structures of the middle ear hidden (facial nerve, lateral semicircular canal, and ossicles), and would advise the greatest care when tackling these surgically.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Guinea pig inner ear antigens: extraction and application to the study of human autoimmune inner ear disease.

In this study, the authors attempted to develop a method of extracting guinea pig inner ear antigens for otoimmunological research, and to investigate the distribution of the antigens in the various structures of the inner ear. The antigens were extracted either from the entire or from various parts of the guinea pig inner ear. These antigens were separated on sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gels. Western blot techniques were used to test sera from patients with inner ear disease against guinea pig inner ear protein extracts. It found that the various molecular weight antigens in the inner ear were associated with the different structures of the inner ear. The sera of 37.5% (N = 80) of patients reacted with two bands (30 and 58 kd) of the guinea pig inner ear immunoblots. The 58 kd band was not specific to the inner ear, but instead was also found in the immunoblots of other guinea pig tissues (brain, lung, and liver). This study suggests that the various antigens of interest could be further extracted and purified from the corresponding locations of the inner ear.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

HLA class II-associated genetic susceptibility in idiopathic progressive sensorineural hearing loss.

To investigate the association between genes in the major histocompatibility complex and inner ear disease susceptibility at the DNA level, high-resolution genotyping for HLA class II (HLA-DR, -DQ, -DP) was performed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide reverse dot blot and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 34 patients with idiopathic progressive sensorineural hearing loss (PSHL) and in 214 controls. The frequencies of DRB1*0301, DRB3*0101, DQB1*0201, and DPB1*0401 were significantly increased in patients with idiopathic PSHL compared with controls. The DQB1*0301 allele was significantly decreased in the patients. A linkage disequilibrium was probably responsible for the concomitant increase of both DRB1*0301 and DRB3*0101 alleles in patients. The increase of DQB1*0201 in patients was associated with the DRB1*0301 allele. In addition, the telomeric DPB1*0401 allele may act as an independent risk factor. The DQB1*0301 allele may have a protective role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic PSHL. These results suggest that the specific HLA class II gene products may confer susceptibility or resistance to idiopathic PSHL.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Glycerol electrocochleographic test: role of endolymphatic sac?].

The administration of a dehydrating agent like glycerol may improve the audiometric thresholds and decrease the summating potential in the electrocochleographic recordings of some Méière's diseases. There are many discussions concerning the endolymphatic sac's rôle in this cases. To clarify this subject we have reviewed the labyrinth's liquids physiopathology, the structural observations in cases of Ménière's diseases, the animals models date. We conclude that the presence of an endolymphatic sac is not necessary for obtaining a positive glycerol test. The clinical meaning of this test is discussed.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗
PubMed1995

Detection of inner ear disease autoantibodies by immunoblotting.

To define further the character of autoantibodies against the inner ear in patients with inner ear disease, Autoantibodies in sera from 82 patients with inner ear disease were investigated by immunoblotting. The inner ear antigens were extracted from Hartley guinea pigs. Brain, kidney, lung, heart and liver extracts were also prepared. Antibodies against the inner ear were found in 32 of 82 (39%) patients with inner ear disease. These sera reacted with the 30 and 58 kDa bands of the inner ear extracts. The 30 kDa band was detected in sera from patients with various inner ear diseases, while the 58 kDa band reacted with sera of patients with idiopathic progressive sensorineural hearing loss. Only two of the 52 normal control sera had a very faint band at 30 kDa. Sixteen of 32 positive sera were then used to probe Western blots of the brain, kidney, lung heart and liver extracts. The 58 kDa band was also found in the protein extracts of the brain, the lung, and the liver. On the other hand, preliminary purification of the 30 and 58 kDa proteins from the inner ear extracts were achieved by anion exchange chromatography. These results show that antibodies in sera from patients with inner ear disease reacted with at least two polypeptide bands (30 and 58 kDa) of guinea pig inner ear extracts, and the 58 kDa antigenic epitope was not cochlea specific.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The localization and specificity of guinea pig inner ear antigenic epitopes.

In this study, we investigated the relative localization of some antigenic epitopes in the inner ear. The inner ear protein antigens were extracted from various parts of the guinea pig inner ear. Brain, kidney, lung, heart and liver extracts were also obtained. We found by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that total inner ear extracts separated into three high concentration polypeptide bands with molecular weights of approximately 30, 42, 58 kd and three low density bands of 20, 25 and 35 kd. The 30 kd band was found mainly in the extract of the spiral ganglion and the acoustic nerve in the modiolus. The 42 and 58 kd bands were detected in the extract of the spiral ligament and the stria vascularis. The Organ of Corti and the basilar membrane extract gave rise to three bands of 30, 42 and 58 kd. Twenty-eight of the 75 sera from patients with inner ear disease reacted with the 30 and 58 kd bands of the inner ear protein extracts by immunoblotting. Sixteen of these 28 positive sera were then used to probe immunoblots of the brain, kidney, lung, heart and liver extracts. The 58 kd band was also found in protein extracts of the brain, the lung and the liver. This study suggests that the 30 kd antigenic epitope may be mainly related to the acoustic nerve and that the 58 kd antigenic epitope is not cochlear specific.

Animals↗