[Current radiologic diagnosis of esophageal tumors].
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Esophageal Neoplasms↗
Biomedical subjects
M Georgi
Publications and source records attributed to M Georgi.
[Digital image intensifier radiography--one year's experience with a Polytron system].
Since January 1988, digital image intensifier radiography has been used in the Clinic in Mannheim for DSA examinations and also in place of conventional screen/film examinations. Measurements have shown that compared with 100 mm and film/screen formats, digital radiography has poorer spatial resolution, but improved contrast resolution. The most common use of digital radiography was for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract. Using the demonstration of the mucosal fine relief pattern as a criterion of image quality, digital image intensifier radiography was able to achieve this satisfactorily. Comparison with film/screen examinations showed no loss of diagnostic information. Advantages of image intensifier radiography are reduced radiation dose, the possibility of postprocessing and economy. On the basis of 399 examinations, digital image intensifier radiography is now firmly established as part of the daily routine of the Mannheim Clinic.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
[Obstetric pelvimetry using digital image intensifier radiography].
Obstetric pelvimetry can be performed by digital image intensifier radiography using very low exposure doses. Comparative measurements show a reduction of the entrance dose to 5% of conventional respectively 15% of high speed film-screen radiography. Phantom measurements have shown an accuracy of +/- 5 mm. In 30 patients the transverse diameter of the pelvic entrance, of the interspinous and of the intertuberous level as well as the sagittal diameter of the pelvic entrance and outlet were measured. Pelvimetry is indicated for the early recognition of certain risks if anamnestic (previous Caesarean section), clinical (eg. external pelvimetry) or fetometric features indicate the evidence of disproportion. As a radiological method the image intensifier radiography appears particularly recommendable in respect of its low exposure dose and the possibility of interactive measurements with subsequent documentation of the diameters and values.
Female↗
PTA of the subclavian and innominate artery: short- and long-term results.
Twelve patients with brachial ischemia and/or subclavian steal syndrome underwent PTA of the subclavian, innominate and axillary artery. One technical failure occurred in a patient with a high grade stenosis of the subclavian artery. All other patients were successfully dilated. On long-term follow-up (mean: 12 months) only one patient had a recurrent stenosis which was successfully recanalized by PTA. This patient is asymptomatic since 12 months. The only severe complication was a transient amaurosis which occurred during catheterization. Balloon angioplasty was, therefore, not performed. In summary, PTA is an effective therapy for patients with brachial ischemia and/or subclavian steal syndrome. The long- and short-term results compare favorably with results obtained by surgery.
Angioplasty, Balloon↗
[Hysterosalpingography with digital image intensification radiography].
Digital image intensifier radiography (Siemens/Polytron) offers the chance to reduce patient exposure dose in hysterosalpingography (HSG) by 85% compared with conventional film/screen radiography and by 11% compared with the 100 mm technique. By appropriate choice of the parameters the signal-to-noise ratio was adapted to the detectability of the diagnostic information (variation of the dose). Thirty patients were examined with the 28 cm image intensifier and an image intensifier input dose of 50 microR. The diagnostic image quality was assessed being aware of the results of laparoscopy or surgery; in 29 cases the quality was classified very good without any limitations. Digital image intensifier radiography offers additional advantages over conventional x-ray units: the images are directly available on the monitor and offer the possibility of post-processing.
Adult↗
[Current developments in the radiologic diagnosis of the adrenal glands].
Cross-sectional imaging techniques have dramatically improved the diagnosis of adrenal disease. In most patients with endocrine-active adrenal disease, CT is the only imaging test needed to establish the correct diagnosis. Adrenal venography with blood sampling may provide important additional information in patients with Conn adenoma. Magnetic resonance imaging and (IMBG) scintigraphy appear to be the best imaging tests for the localization of multiple or extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. Inactive adrenal tumors detected incidentally are a problem as for as diagnosis is concerned, since inactive adrenal adenomas have to be differentiated from carcinomas and metastases. MRI is rarely helpful in these cases. For patients with a known primary tumor, the authors recommend CT-guided biopsy. In all other cases a follow-up study often reveals that the adrenal tumor detected is benign.
Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
[The present status of x-ray studies of the stomach and duodenum].
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Duodenal Diseases↗
[Diagnosis and therapy of bleeding aneurysms of the peripancreatic arteries].
Aneurysms of the pancreatic arteries are a rare complication of pancreatitis. Most usually they are observed with pancreatic pseudocysts or pancreatic abscesses. In view of the danger of haemorrhage, the diagnosis and treatment of these aneurysms is of considerable clinical significance. Angiography plays a dominant role, since it can demonstrate the source of bleeding and, at the same time, provides effective treatment by means of vascular embolisation. This is illustrated by three examples.
Adult↗
[Documentation of digital image information--video or laser imager?].
The quality of hardcopies produced by a video- or laser imager was compared. Laser printing could be performed after analogue or digital data transmission, whereas the video imager allowed only analogue data transfer. Evaluation of CT-, MR-, DSA- and radiographic images showed no difference in diagnostic information between video and laser-produced hardcopies. For large formats (35 X 35 cm.), laser images produced by digital transmission were considerably superior to video signals and analogue transmission. There were advantages and disadvantages of both types of imaging, depending on the size of the matrix, the type of image produced, ease of use and capital cost.
Copying Processes↗
[Stereoangiography of the bronchial arteries: technic and indications].
Stereo-angiography of the bronchial arteries has been performed in 11 patients with bronchial carcinomas. An attempt has been made to establish the spatial relationship between their main stems and the proximal bronchial system. Important details were transferred from each half of the stereo pairs into transparent sheets; this improved stereoscopy and made it easier to appreciate the relationship to the tracheal bifurcation. Characteristic relationships between various types of bronchial arteries and the tracheo-bronchial system could be recognised. Improvements can be expected from the use of a stereo-DSA technique. Stereo-bronchial arteriography is useful for demonstrating pre-operatively their exact position in order to prevent unnecessary ligation and for improving localisation of bleeding points which can only be reached surgically.
Angiography↗
[Nuclear medical differentiation of focal lesions of the liver].
Radio-colloid scintigraphy, hepatobiliary scintigraphy and blood pool scanning with tagged red blood cells are well-established methods of nuclear medicine for the differential diagnosis of hepatic lesions. Hepatic hemangiomas and focal nodular hyperplasia can be differentiated in over 90% of cases. The sensitivity of single-photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) in the detection of liver masses greater than 2 cm diameter is 92%-98%.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
[Angiographic detection of focal changes in the liver].
CT and ultrasound have completely replaced angiography in the diagnosis of focal liver lesions. However, angiography of the liver is still important for delineation of the vascular anatomy and enhancing diagnostic specificity, especially prior to hepatic surgery. CT angiography using water-soluble or oily contrast materials improves the diagnostic accuracy with regard to the number of lesions detected in patients with liver metastases or hepatoma. Both techniques reveal more lesions than do standard angiographic methods.
Adult↗
Parametric imaging of blood flow.
The calculation of functional images was based on recorded fluoroscopic sequences. The Fourier coefficients of the first harmonic were calculated for each matrix element, and the amplitude and phase values were used for the generation of two synthetic images. The amplitude image demonstrated the maximum change in opacification with high image contrast. Phantom studies showed that a high correlation exists between the inverse phase differences and flow. The clinical application of the Fourier method revealed substantial additional information to conventional angiography in one of ten patients. While the morphological evaluation demonstrated no significant stenosis, the functional images showed a residual stenosis.
Algorithms↗
[An improved synthesis of pentagastrin (Acignost)].
The large-scale synthesis of the pentapeptide Boc-beta-Ala Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 is described and a convenient procedure for purification of the crude peptide will be reported.
Chemical Phenomena↗
[Cine-CT: a new procedure in x-ray computed tomography].
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Cineradiography↗
Plasma levels of thyrotropin-releasing-hormone in various splanchnic, renal, suprarenal, and cerebral veins.
Endogenous TRH levels were determined in plasma obtained selectively via percutaneous transhepatic and femoral catheterization. TRH was measured using a very sensitive RIA method. In the pancreatic veins, internal jugular vein, left testicular vein, and other described veins, normal peripheral levels were found. An involvement of the TRH degrading enzyme (TDE) or a rapid intravasal dilution leading to normal peripheral TRH levels in the veins leaving the brain or pancreas, respectively, is discussed.
Adenoma↗
[Quantitative changes of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in inoperable patients undergoing Co60 irradiation in the neck and mediastinal area].
Several parameters of red and white blood components were determined in twelve patients submitted to Co60 irradiations for inoperable tumors in the area of neck and interpleural space. Some statistically significant, dose-dependent modifications were found for leucocytes, thrombocytes and lymphocytes. A considerable radiogenic reduction was demonstrated especially for helper cells, suppressor cells and natural killer cells. A different radiosensitivity could not be proved for these lymphocyte subpopulations. A possible influence of disease-specific endogenous as well as exogenous factors was discussed.
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
[Magnification mammography using 0.1 mm microfocus. Comparison of grid and spot-view magnification].
Phantom measurements of resolution and dosimetry of 0.1 mm microfocus spot magnification mammography and 0.3 mm grid technique using different film-screen systems form the basis of this study. The diagnostic efficiency of spot views with these methods is evaluated according to the detection and analysis of microcalcifications, and the assessment of tumor margins.
Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗