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Biomedical subjects

M Gelfand

Publications and source records attributed to M Gelfand.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Changing treatment of pediatric splenic trauma.

A review of splenic injuries at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center from July 1978 to June 1980 revealed this form of injury in 29 patients. Treatment without surgery was successful in 21 patients. Seven patients required operation. One patient died shortly after admission of severe associated injuries. All patients admitted with blunt abdominal trauma were initially treated conservatively. If the clinical state improved, after transfusions if necessary, or remained stable and there were no objective signs of further blood loss, conservative therapy was continued. Liver-spleen scans were obtained on an urgent basis to confirm the diagnosis of splenic injury in patients who did not undergo surgery. No complications of treatment without surgery were recognized. The satisfactory outcome in these patients suggests that there is a place for treatment without surgery in some children with splenic injury.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1982

Cesarean section: recent trends.

There has been a rapid increase in the number of cesarean sections performed. At the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital in Montreal, the authors reviewed the records of all cesarean sections performed between Jan. 1, 1973 and Dec. 31, 1979. The rate increased from 10,8% in 1973 to 19% in 1977, due primarily to an increasing trend to diagnose, and perform cesarean section for, dystocia. All breech presentations are also delivered by cesarean section but fewer cesarean sections are being performed for fetal distress. Cesarean section is still a major operation and the procedure is associated with substantial maternal morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of abdominal aortic crossclamping.

The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of aortic crossclamping and declamping were studied in 10 patients undergoing abdominal aortic reconstructive surgery. After placement of pulmonary and radial arterial catheters, measurements were obtained preoperatively, during the procedure according to protocol, and postoperatively. Pulmonary arterial wedge pressure was maintained at 10 to 15 mm Hg throughout the operation. Aortic cross clamping produced a significant increase in systemic arteriolar resistance and systolic blood pressure, with no change noted in the left ventricular stroke work index. Declamping decreased systemic resistance and produced no change in the left ventricular stroke work index. Clamping and declamping resulted in elevations of serum lactate. Central venous pressure correlated with pulmonary arterial wedge pressure in each patient and in the entire group. Cardiac function is not decreased by aortic crossclamping, and central venous pressure can usually be used for hemodynamic monitoring in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effects of glipizide on water and electrolyte handling in water-loaded humans.

Renal handling of H2O, Na, and K during H2O diuresis was studied in the same healthy subjects on two occasions, after the administration of either 5 mg of the sulfonylurea, glipizide, or a placebo. Following glipizide, there was no significant overall change in creatinine clearance and the calculated rate of distal Na + K delivery (CH2O + C(Na + K)) in 9 individuals. However, the clearance of free water (CH2O) and the mean fraction of Na + K reabsorbed at the diluting site increased significantly from 8.5 +/- (SEM) 0.8 to 9.8 +/- (SEM) 0.8 ml/min/100 ml GFR (p less than 0.02) and from 55 +/- (SEM) 6 to 67 +/- (SEM) 7% (p less than 0.05), respectively. The mean rate of total Na and K excretion fell following glipizide (p less than 0.05). Our results, in conjunction with the results from similar type studies, suggest that ingestion of glipizide and other sulfonylureas that lack antidiuretic properties increase CH2O, at least in part, by augmenting ion reabsorption at the diluting sites of the nephron.

Adult↗