Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Gedebou

Publications and source records attributed to M Gedebou.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Shigella species from Addis Ababa: frequency of isolation and in vitro drug sensitivity.

One hundred and five shigella isolates from Addis Ababa were studied to determine serogroup frequency and in vitro antibacterial drug sensitivity. About 70% of the isolates were Shigella flexneri followed by Sh. dysenteriae (15%), Sh. boydii (10%) and Sh. sonnei (5%). All or most of the strains were susceptible to cephalothin, gentamicin, kanamycin, polymyxin B and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. Frequencies of susceptibility to ampicillin, carbenicillin and chloramphenicol were, respectively, 79, 80 and 75%. Only 37, 23 and 58% were susceptible to streptomycin, sulphadiazine and tetracycline, respectively. Resistance to one or more drugs was detected in 85% while 72% were multiply resistant. There were 24 different resistance patterns, varying from resistance to one drug to resistance to seven drugs. The findings have been compared with reports from other countries. This study and several others cited support the view that trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole is the best alternative drug for treatment of shigellosis particularly in regions with multiple drug-resistant strains.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Ethiopia 1. In vitro susceptibility patterns to five antibiotics.

Five hundred Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated between January 1977 and February 1978 from male patients in Addis Ababa were tested by the agar dilution technique for their susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin.The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of penicillin and ampicillin for the isolates varied from </=0.005 to 1.28 mg/litre and from </=0.025 to 0.8 mg/litre respectively. The tetracycline values ranged from </=0.2 to 3.2 mg/litre and those of chloramphenicol from </=0.125 to 8.0 mg/litre. Streptomycin concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 50, 100, and 200 mg/litre each inhibited growth of a number of strains. 107 strains (21.4%) were not inhibited, even by a concentration of 200 mg/litre, the highest employed.Forty-one percent of strains were resistant to penicillin, requiring 0.08 mg/litre or a higher concentration for inhibition, and 58.4% were resistant to ampicillin, inhibition occurring only at concentrations >/=0.2 mg/litre. The percentage of strains resistant to penicillin was significantly lower than that reported 7 years ago (50%). Resistance to tetracycline was shown in 8.2% of strains. None of the 500 strains showed resistance to chloramphenicol. Streptomycin resistance was detected in 43.8% of the strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Ethiopia 2. Pair correlations between minimal inhibitory concentration values of five antibiotics and frequency of multiple antibiotic resistance.

The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin for 500 gonococcal strains were studied for product-moment coefficient correlations. The strains were isolated from male patients with acute gonococcal urethritis attending the Venereal Disease Clinic in Addis Ababa.The MICs of all pairs except the ampicillin/streptomycin pair were positively correlated, with r = 0.20-0.53, P<0.001. The ampicillin/streptomycin pair was not correlated, r = 0.06, P>0.05.Despite the significant correlation between the susceptibilities of strains to penicillin and tetracycline, 85% of the penicillin-resistant strains were sensitive to tetracycline. However, 75.6% of tetracycline-resistant strains were also resistant to penicillin. Similar differences in percentages of resistance and susceptibility of strains also occurred between tetracycline and ampicillin as well as between tetracycline and streptomycin pairs, while pair correlations were also noted.No chloramphenicol-resistant strain was isolated. But correlations were found between the MIC values of chloramphenicol and those of the other 4 antibiotics.Forty-seven percent of the 500 strains were resistant to 2 or more antibiotics. One hundred and twenty-six strains (25.2%) were resistant to 2 antibiotics, about half of which were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. Resistance to 3 antibiotics was shown in 18.6% of strains, the majority being resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, and streptomycin. Eighteen strains (3.6%) were resistant to 4 antibiotics, while no strain was found resistant to all 5 antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nasal carriage and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospital and non-hospital personnel in Abha, Saudi Arabia.

The prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, antibiograms and prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were studied in 1999 among healthy hospital and non-hospital personnel in Abha, Saudi Arabia. S. aureus was isolated from 26.1% of 299 adults in the community and 25.4% of 279 hospital personnel. No isolate was resistant to vancomycin. Antibiotic resistance rates, for all other antibiotics tested except cephalothin, were significantly higher for strains from hospital personnel (P values < 0.001-0.04) compared to non-hospital adults. The antibiograms were also compared with those of 140 clinical isolates. The rates of resistance of the inpatient strains to all the antibiotics tested were significantly higher than those of hospital nasal carrier strains (P < 0.001-0.05). MRSA was isolated, respectively, from 5.1% and 18.3% of non-hospital and hospital carriers; MRSA carriage rates were 1.3% and 4.7%, respectively, for non-hospital and hospital carriers, and 61% of S. aureus isolates from infected patients were MRSA. Only 8% of non-hospital but 44% of hospital carrier strains were multiply resistant (P < 0.001). Multiple resistance among inpatient strains (89%) was significantly higher than that among hospital nasal strains (44%) (P < 0.001). Such rates of multiple resistance and endemic MRSA prevalence among healthy carriers (11%) at a much higher rate than those reported in the literature should raise concern in a region with unrestricted availability of antibiotics.

Adult↗