Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Gautier

Publications and source records attributed to M Gautier.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of diary Propionibacterium species by rRNA gene restriction patterns.

A total of 78 strains of dairy propionibacteria, 4 reference strains of Propionibacterium and 8 related bacteria were characterized by ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene restriction patterns (ribotyping). The patterns were obtained after cleavage of total DNA with either BamHI or ClaI restriction endonucleases and hybridization of fragments with acetylaminofluorene-labelled 16 + 23S rRNA from Escherichia coli. The four different species of dairy propionibacteria, P. freudenreichii, P. jensenii, P. thoenii and P. acidipropionici, gave different restriction patterns with species-specific fragments. Moreover, ribotyping allowed the differentiation of P. freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii from P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii. The patterns of dairy propionibacteria were different from those of closely related bacteria and other bacteria used in the dairy industry.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and assignment of bovine-specific PCR systems for the Texas nomenclature marker genes and isolation of homologous BAC probes.

In 1996, Popescu et al. published the Texas standard nomenclature of the bovine karyotype in which 31 marker genes, already mapped in man, were chosen to permit unambiguous identification and numbering of each bovine chromosome. However, specific PCR systems were not available for each marker gene thus preventing the assignment of part of these markers by somatic cell hybrid analysis. In addition, some difficulties remained with the nomenclature of BTA25, BTA27 and BTA29. In this work, specific PCR systems were developed for each of the marker genes except VIL1 (see results), from either existing bovine or human sequences, and a bovine BAC library was screened to obtain the corresponding BAC clones. These PCR systems were used successfully to confirm the assignment of each marker gene (except for LDHA, see results) by analysis on the INRA hamster-bovine somatic cell hybrid panel. The difficulties observed for LDHA and VIL1 are probably due to the fact that these genes belong to large gene families and therefore suggest that they may not be the most appropriate markers for a standardisation effort. This panel of BACs is available to the scientific community and has served as a basis for the establishment of a revised standard nomenclature of bovine chromosomes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Construction and characterization of a bovine BAC library with four genome-equivalent coverage.

A bovine artificial chromosome (BAC) library of 105 984 clones has been constructed in the vector pBeloBAC11 and organized in 3-dimension pools and high density membranes for screening by PCR and hybridization. The average insert size, determined after analysis of 388 clones, was estimated at 120 kb corresponding to a four genome coverage. Given the fact that a male was used to construct the library, the probability of finding any given autosomal and X or Y locus is respectively 0.98 and 0.86. The library was screened for 164 microsatellite markers and an average of 3.9 superpools was positive for each PCR system. None of the 50 or so BAC clones analysed by FISH was chimeric. This BAC library increases the international genome coverage for cattle to around 28 genome equivalents and extends the coverage of the ruminant genomes available at the Inra resource center to 15 genome equivalents.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on human and rat cells. In vitro versus in vivo experiments.

Human infant skin fibroblasts and liver cells were subcultured with 250 microM PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid), and primary cultures of glial brain cells from new-born rats with 100 microM; oleic acid was added to controls. Minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with bovine serum was used as a reference. During the short-term experiment (18-24 h), control liver cells showed a regular increase in protein level, while protein increment was more rapid in linoleic and especially in arachidonic acid-treated cells, but only for the first 3 hours. During the long-term experiment (7 d), control skin fibroblasts showed a faster growth rate (increase in number of cells) than reference or fibroblasts cultured with the added PUFAs. Lipid droplets were seen in the PUFA-treated liver cells and skin fibroblasts, and ultrastructural modifications were observed in fibroblasts, but without growth rate alteration. During the long-term experiment (2 w), control glial brain cells showed faster protein increment (measuring growth rate) than PUFA-treated cells, particularly than arachidonic acid-treated cells. HMGR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase) activity, determined after 6 h (liver cells) or 1 and 2 w (brain cells) of culture, was low in controls and reference, whilst higher in PUFA-treated-cells, and was especially high in arachidonic acid-treated brain cells. The present study indicates than the high HMGR activity may correspond to cultures of cells rapidly stopped in their protein increment, and to cultures of cells showing a slow rate of proliferation. This contrasts with results obtained from in vivo experiments; it also emphasizes the high mevalonate (MVA) level as a possible sign of nutritional medium imbalance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical and histoenzymological peculiarities of cholesterol storage in 2 children of the same family].

Two sisters, aged 6 and 9 years, presented with similar episodes of acute illness. Clinical, biological, pathological, ultrastructural, histochemical and biochemical investigations led to a diagnosis of cholesterol ester storage disease. The two have been followed for 7 years and during that time a number of features atypical of cholesterol ester storage disease have been observed. Severe jaundice, advanced fibrosis and decreased liver glycogen stored. Examination of liver and cultured fibroblasts showed excess esterified cholesterol storage and acid lipase deficiency as seen in Wolman disease.

Child↗