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Biomedical subjects

M Gastpar

Publications and source records attributed to M Gastpar.

116 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Intravenous L-5-hydroxytryptophan in normal subjects: an interdisciplinary precursor loading study. Part IV: Effects on body temperature and cardiovascular functions.

In 14 healthy subjects the effect of a new soluble 1-5HTP ester (Ro 3-5940) in combination with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor on circulatory variables and body temperature was studied. The orthostatic adaptative functions were impaired while no consistent changes were observed in resting parameters. With the exception of an initial rise during infusion, measurements of oral temperature in the group as a whole showed no significant changes. However, if gender was considered, a long-lasting fall of temperature in males (N = 7) and rise in females (n = 6) was observed. The greatest difference between the hypothermic reaction in men and the hyperthermic reaction in women occured two hours after the end of infusion, at the same time where mood effects were most intense. The temperature findings support a modulatory function of central serotoninergic mechanisms in thermoregulation in man and emphasize the importance of sex specific factors in pharmacological studies.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Platelet 3H-imipramine binding sites in depressed patients and healthy controls: a comparison between morning and afternoon samples.

Platelet 3H-imipramine binding was compared between 19 hospitalized, depressed patients and age-matched controls (n = 11). For each individual person blood samples were withdrawn at 8 a.m. and 3 p.m. on two separate occasions (day 0 and day 28). Mean Bmax and Kd values did not differ between depressed patients and healthy controls at any of the four time-points tested, and no significant differences could be established between the different time-points, though there were irregular intraindividual variations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antipsychotic efficacy of the antidepressant trimipramine: a randomized, double-blind comparison with the phenothiazine perazine.

BACKGROUND: The tricyclic antidepressant trimipramine exhibits several features (e. g., dopaminergic effect, molecular structure similar to a neuroleptic, receptor-binding profile similar to clozapine) that suggest its potential as an antipsychotic medication. The aim of the study was to investigate the antipsychotic potential of trimipramine in a controlled clinical trial comparing its antipsychotic efficacy with that of a neuroleptic. METHOD: In a German multi-center, randomized, double-blind trial, the antipsychotic efficacy of trimipramine was compared with that of the phenothiazine neuroleptic perazine, using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Clinical Global Impressions (CGI). Antidepressant efficacy of both agents was measured by use of the Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMES). Ninety-five patients with acute schizophrenia (DSM-III-R) and a BPRS total score > 40 at baseline were treated with either 300-400 mg trimipramine or 450-600 mg perazine for 5 weeks. RESULTS: Therapeutic equivalence of both treatments (in the dosages used) could not be demonstrated (change in BPRS total score, per-protocol [PP] analysis, one-sided equivalence testing). However, intention-to-treat (ITT) as well as PP analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in the BPRS total scores in both treatment groups (PP: trimipramine, 56.5 +/- 9.8 to 44.1 +/- 17.9; perazine, 56.4 +/- 10.8 to 37.9 +/- 12.9). Significant decreases in all BPRS and PANSS subscores as well as CGI results and response rate support the antipsychotic efficacy of trimipramine. The BRMES total scores significantly decreased in both treatment groups without showing a significant difference between the two agents. Trimipramine was better tolerated than perazine and did not elicit extrapyramidal symptoms. CONCLUSION: Trimipramine failed to exhibit therapeutic equivalence to perazine in the dosages used. However, there was evidence of a substantial antipsychotic effect of trimipramine. It may be a useful medication if depressive symptoms in psychotic patients require antidepressant treatment or if other antipsychotics cannot be administered.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transient restless legs-like syndrome as a complication of opiate withrawal.

In most cases, restless legs syndrome (RLS) is an idiopathic disorder affecting patients of middle and older age. Usually, the intensity of symptoms is constant or progressive. Here, we describe two opiate addicts developing RLS during opiate withdrawal. Their RLS disappeared along with the remission of withdrawal symptoms. Both cases responded well to a treatment with Madopar (L-dopa plus benserazid). This observation encouraged us to perform a retrospective analysis of all cases of opiate addicts detoxified in our unit during a 5-month period. This analysis revealed 15 out of 120 patients who had described the symptoms of transient RLS emerging during opiate detoxification treatment. Transient RLS during opiate detoxification merits further interst in order to improve the treatment of sleep disturbances during detoxification and as a model of interaction of the dopaminergic and endorphine system in motor activity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of client-centered psychotherapy for personality disorders alone and in combination with psychopharmacological treatment. An empirical follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: : There is an increasing interest concerning the treatment of patients with personality disorders (PD) in data on the efficacy of psychotherapeutic strategies especially when combined with medication. METHODS: The efficacy of an inpatient client-centered treatment program (CCT) was studied prospectively in 142 patients with PD and additional depressive, anxiety or eating disorders (ICD-10). RESULTS: Significant improvements in depression, self-esteem and social adjustment were achieved up to discharge, which remained stable at the 1-year follow-up. The efficacy with regard to individual variables or the total result could not be further enhanced by a combination with psychopharmacological treatment (CCT + MED), consisting mainly of antidepressants. Within the subgroups of patients with socially deviant (F60.0-2), emotionally unstable/borderline (F60.3) and histrionic/narcissistic PD (F60.4, F60.8), CCT was significantly superior to CCT + MED in the reduction of depression (Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale ratings), whereas the response was enhanced by medication in the subgroup of patients with socially dependent 'cluster C' PD (F60.5-7). CONCLUSIONS: The results are discussed with regard to client-centered therapeutic concepts and to the further development of differential combination strategies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

TSH, HGH, HPr, and cortisol response to TRH in depressed patients.

An intravenous (0.2 mg) and an oral (40 mg) TRH-test was performed on 21 depressed patients (4 psychogenous, 17 endogenous); TSH, HGH, HRr, Cortisol, T3, T4 and RT4 were measured. The test was redone after 3 weeks of antidepressive treatment. Using an oral stimulation, it looks like there would be a possibility to differentiate into different groups according to the severity of illness. It also seems that the oral stimulation is a possibility to get information on the beginning effectiveness of antidepressive treatment. The responsiveness to the oral stimulus returns earlier than the response to the i.v. stimulation. Roughly, one can also differentiate between endogenous and psychogenous depression with an oral TRH test.

Administration, Oral↗