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Biomedical subjects

M Gari-Toussaint

Publications and source records attributed to M Gari-Toussaint.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Childhood visceral leishmaniasis in the Alpes-Maritimes from 1985 to 1992].

Here, we present an analysis of clinical and biological data from 15 infantile visceral leishmaniasis recorded between 1985 and 1992 in the French department of Alpes-Maritimes. The association of fever, splenomegalia, tricytopenia remains the most constant and predictive of diagnosis (90% of cases). Bone marrow smear affirms diagnosis in 93% of cases. Leishmania infantum MON-1 is the causative agent. Except for one case of advanced stade with severe hepatic lesions and one case of clinical resistance to Glucantime, prognosis is favourable under treatment with antimony derivatives. The long term results for children considered cured after initial treatment is satisfactory. In the department, the number of cases of combined ages has increased regularly since 1985. The number of infantile forms has increased but now represents nevertheless no more than 28% of total cases. On the other hand, cases are increasing in adults and 40% of those adult cases are in HIV positive patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Severe visceral leishmaniasis with hepatic involvement. Diagnostic value of the immunoblotting serologic technic].

The case of a 13 year old boy with a severe form of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) mimicking portal hypertension and of unfavorable outcome is presented. The authors stress the usefulness of investigating humoral immune response by using Western Blot assay in order to confirm the diagnosis when the parasite cannot be isolated. Since VL may be responsible for death if the treatment is delayed, screening of the disease in children presenting with chronic liver disease is important in endemic area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Disseminated infection due to Scedosporium apiospermum in liver transplantation. Differential diagnosis from invasive aspergillosis].

A case of fatal disseminated infection due to Scedosporium apiospermum occurring after liver transplantation is reported. Diagnosis was made at autopsy, as numerous fungal colonies were found in the lungs, heart, brain, kidney, spleen and liver. Scedosporium apiospermum was identified in pulmonary, cerebral and myocardial specimens by Sabouraud's glucose agar cultures. Infections due to Scedosporium (S. apiospermum ou Pseudallescheria boydii) occur in immunocompromised hosts, particularly after organ transplantation, and realize severe invasive fungal infection. Scedosporiosis is much more rare than aspergillosis and can be only identified by mycological study. This diagnosis is rarely performed during life time and allows an effective treatment by imidazoles.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1993

[Cytological study of the duodenal mucosa during chronic diarrhea in HIV-positive patients].

The cytologic findings of duodenal smears in diarrheic HIV-positive patients were compared with results of histologic and ultrastructural studies. This study included 50 diarrheic patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Duodenal biopsies were taken with touch preparations. Smears were stained with Giemsa and then with Ziehl-Neelsen or the PAS method. The biopsy specimens were then processed in a standard fashion for histologic and electron microscopy examination. Cytologic findings included 8 cases of intestinal microsporidiosis, 4 cases of cryptosporidiosis, and 3 cases of atypical mycobacteriosis. Histologic and ultrastructural studies confirmed these diagnoses and showed 8 cases of CMV enteritis, of which 4 were associated with other enteric pathogens. Duodenal cytology complements endoscopic biopsy in the work-up of diarrhea in AIDS patients and may provide a rapid diagnosis especially in the case of intestinal protozoonosis or atypical intestinal mycobacteriosis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

[Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus oryzae.A typical case in a cirrhotic patient].

The rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis is an acute rapidly progressive fungal infection. This disease is caused by a zygomycetes fungus, most often from the Rhizopus genus. This fungus is saprophitic of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It becomes pathogenic in some particular conditions, specially during diabetes mellitus. Histopathological study is the only method allowing the diagnosis, by revealing the tissue invasion by characteristic hyphae. Mycologic study allows a definitive identification of the fungus. The authors report a case of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in a 44 year-old woman with cirrhosis. She presented an acute blindness and ophthalmoplegia. Despite of a rapid histologic diagnosis from the nasal and ethmoidal biopsies, the patient died 3 days after.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Blastomycosis localized in the brain stem].

A 33-year old male Tunisian developed, without any apparent cause, an abscess of the brainstem which was shown by various mycological investigations to be due to a Blastomyces dermatitidis infection. This case is of interest not only because of the exceptional location of the abscess in the brainstem, but also because of its treatment: this was the first case where the fluconazole-flucytosine combination was used against blastomycosis with fully satisfactory results after a 28-month follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Fungal myocarditis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

The authors report 8 cases of fungal myocarditis discovered at autopsy of a series of 118 patients with AIDS. The cardiac disease was symptomatic and responsible for death in 2 cases. Antemortem diagnosis of fungal infection was made on examination of bronchioloalveolar lavage, the cerebrospinal fluid or gastrointestinal biopsy. The demonstration of intramyocardial pathogens was postmortem in all cases. The organism was Candida albicans in 3 cases, Cryptococcus neoformans in 3 cases, and Aspergillus fumigatus in 2 cases. The lesions were not confined to the heart; multi-visceral fungal involvement was diagnosed at autopsy in all cases. Cryptococcal and Candida myocarditis have already been described in most autopsy series in AIDS, but Aspergillus myocarditis is very rare. These fungal myocarditis are usually clinically latent or masked by neurological or respiratory symptoms.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

[Cerebral cysticercosis: imaging, serology, treatment and evolution. Apropos of 2 cases].

The authors present two cases of neurocysticercosis diagnosed both by serology and medical imaging (computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging). The first patient had a mixed form with localization of the parasites in the different anatomic parts. He developed suddenly a severe encephalitis which growth has been quickly fatal in spite of a prompt praziquantel and corticosteroids treatment. The second patient had a parenchymal form, and the same treatment was very effective.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of the leishmanin skin test and western blot analysis for epidemiological studies in visceral leishmaniasis areas: experience in a highly endemic focus in Alpes-Maritimes (France).

Fifty unselected subjects living in Alpes-Maritimes, France, a high risk area for visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum, were examined simultaneously by the leishmanin skin test and the Western blot technique in 1993; 32% and 38%, respectively, gave a positive reaction. The concordance of the 2 methods was 82%. Thus, in this high risk area, a large proportion of inhabitants had been exposed to the parasite. The use of these 2 tests should permit the detection of potential cases of reactivated leishmaniasis in prospective follow-up investigations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human visceral leishmaniasis in Alpes-Maritimes, France: epidemiological characteristics for the period 1985-1992.

In 8 years (1985-1992), 65 cases of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) have been diagnosed in the department of Alpes-Maritimes, France, 56 of them having been infected locally. The annual frequency has increased from 3 cases in 1985 to 15 cases in 1992. There is a low rate of paediatric cases (29%) and a predominance of males among adult cases (85%). Since 1986, 19 cases of co-infection with Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus 1 have been reported, corresponding to 40% of adult cases and to 30% of the total cases. The frequency of co-infections is stable at about 3 per annum. Isoenzymatic identification of the strains isolated from patients confirmed Leishmania infantum zymodeme MON-1 as responsible for most if not all HVL in the department of Alpes-Maritimes; 42 of the 44 strains isolated belonged to that zymodeme.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection by Western blot of four antigens characterizing acute clinical leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum.

Western blot analysis of sera from 32 patients with acute clinical leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum showed the simultaneous presence of antibodies against 4 antigens with molecular masses of 18, 21, 23, 31 kDa. The simultaneous presence of these 4 antigens was specific to the clinical disease and it was not detected in 47 sera from asymptomatic individuals living in the leishmaniasis endemic area of Alpes-Maritimes (southern France) or in 37 sera from patients with other protozoan infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Specific antibody detection in human aspergillosis: a GEMO* multicentre evaluation of a rapid immunoelectrophoresis method (Paragon). Group d'Etude des Mycoses Opportunistes.

A new immunoelectrophoresis system, the Paragon system, was evaluated in three different hospital centres with the aim of improving standardization of the serodiagnosis of human aspergillosis. To select the most efficient antigen, various commercial and home-made antigens were first tested on 19 sera from 19 patients with highly probable aspergillosis. The value measured using the Paragon anti-Aspergillus antibody detection system was then compared with the results obtained by conventional serological diagnostic methods (conventional immunoelectrophoresis, enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence): this step was performed using the first 19 sera as well as 16 other sera from 13 patients with suspected aspergillosis. Concordant results were obtained in 28 cases. The discrepancies observed with seven sera were probably related to differences in the nature of the antigens. Paragon immunoelectrophoresis proved to be a practicable technique requiring only a small amount of serum and giving results within a shorter time than competitive methods (24-48 h). Its major drawbacks compared with conventional immunoelectrophoresis are some difficulties in reading, fewer precipitin lines and the relatively high cost of routine analysis.

Antibodies, Fungal↗