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Biomedical subjects

M Garcia

Publications and source records attributed to M Garcia.

394 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT): use of minilaparotomy and an individualized regimen of induction of follicular development.

The performance of the gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) technique, utilizing an individualized regimen of follicular induction and minilaparotomy in 45 patients with infertility of varying etiologies is reported. The induction regimen consisted of the administration of clomiphene citrate, 100 mg, from day 3 to day 7, and 150 IU FSH/LH (human menopausal gonadotropin [hMG]) from day 6 on. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 10,000 IU) was administered when at least two follicles measured 16 mm or more in diameter and when serum estradiol (E2) measurement revealed levels of 350 pg/ml per each main follicle. Up to two oocytes and 100,000 motile sperm were transferred to the fallopian tubes via the fimbria, using a catheter. Of the 45 cases, 13 became pregnant by clinical criteria (29 per cent). Of these 13 pregnancies, nine continued to term (69 per cent), three miscarried spontaneously (12 per cent) and one was an ectopic (7 per cent). Of the nine pregnancies that continued to term, five (55 per cent) were twins. Details of the GIFT procedure as well the preliminary non-human primate research studies that led to the development of the GIFT technique are discussed. It is concluded that GIFT is an excellent alternative to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF; ET) in all cases of infertility that failed to conceive using conventional forms of therapy and in which the female partner presents at least one normal fallopian tube.

Animals↗
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[Uhl's anomaly associated with atresia of the pulmonary valve].

A case of Uhl's anomaly in a newborn who died in congestive cardiac failure at 18 days of age is described. There was severe cardiomegaly on chest X-ray, right atrial hypertrophy on E.C.G., and a delayed tricuspid valve closure of 0,8 seconds on M-mode echocardiogram. The necropsy study showed a huge right atrial and right ventricular dilatation, a very thin right ventricular wall (1 mm.) with an important reduction in the number of muscular fibers, a pulmonary valve atresia, and a patent ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale. We have only three cases Uhl's anomaly associated with pulmonary atresia, and no one with such an important delay of the tricuspid valve closure on the echocardiogram.

Electrocardiography↗
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Clinical findings in post partum dairy cows.

The clinical findings in 183 post partum periods of dairy cows from an experimental herd are reported. Sixty-nine, 30, 46, and 38 post partum periods of the Swedish Red and White Breed, the Swedish Friesian Breed, crosses between these two breeds, and the Swedish Jersey Breed, respectively, were followed by clinical examination at 10-day intervals until first service. Heat detection was done three times daily and plasma progesterone assay at 10-day intervals. The highest occurrence of big follicles (12-15 mm) was between 21-30 days, coinciding with the time of first ovulation. Fifty percent of the cows had the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ovulation at 17, 36 and 56 days post partum, respectively, and the first, second and third ovulations came at 21.2, 39.1 and 58.3 days on average, with significant differences between parities and breeds. The first two oestrous cycles lasted 17.5 +/- 5.6 and 20.8 +/- 2.1 days without differences due to parity and breeds. The data indicate a complete uterine involution between 41 and 50 days post partum.

Animals↗
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[Oestrogen-induced proteins in breast cancer (author's transl)].

The hormone dependence and the prognosis of human breast cancers are currently based on assays of the estrogen receptor (RE) and progesterone receptor (RP) in the tumor. However, such prediction can not be fully accurate: RE may be non functional in some tumors and the estrogenic regulation of RP is not directly correlated with the effects of estrogens on cell growth. Here we described other estrogen induced intracellular, secreted or membrane proteins. Investigations of these proteins should allow a better understanding of the mechanisms by which estrogens stimulate the growth and spreading of breast cancer. Some secreted proteins could even be useful as circulatory markers of hormone dependence.

Breast Neoplasms↗
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Why are estrogen-receptor-negative breast cancers more aggressive than the estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancers?

It is well established that some of the hormone-resistant breast cancers lack functional estrogen receptor (ER) and exhibit a more aggressive metastatic phenotype. The estrogen activation of ER in ER-positive breast cancers enhances their aggressiveness, while the activation of exogenously introduced ERs into aggressive ER-negative cells diminishes their aggressiveness. The basis of the protective effect of the ER appears complex and could be due to the altered expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and invasiveness. In this review, we propose different mechanisms for the higher aggressiveness of most of the ER-negative breast cancers.

Animals↗
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Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M. synoviae, and M. iowae by multi-species polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.

A single set of oligonucleotide primers was designed from known 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), M. synoviae (MS), and M. iowae (MI). This set of primers selectively amplifies a 780-base-pair DNA fragment within the 16S rRNA gene of MG, MS, and MI but does not amplify other avian mycoplasmas or other bacteria. The detection limit of the multi-species polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was approximately 100 mycoplasma (MG, MS, MI) colony-forming units per PCR reaction. The PCR product was differentiated by restriction fragment length polymorphism with the restriction enzymes HpaI, HpaII, and MboI. Preliminary results from field samples suggest that this technique could be a useful and rapid diagnostic test for the detection of these three pathogenic poultry mycoplasmas.

Animals↗
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Pathogenicity and diagnosis of H5N2 Mexican avian influenza viruses in chickens.

Chickens were inoculated with one of five H5N2 Mexican-origin avian influenza virus (AIV) isolates to determine their pathogenicity for chickens and to determine the ability of routine virologic and serologic tests to detect infections. In laboratory infections, three AIVs, H5/94, M5/94, and J12/94, produced sporadic illness and death and were categorized as mildly pathogenic. Q1/95 produced illness and death in all inoculated chickens and was categorized as highly lethal and highly pathogenic (HP). P11/94B commonly produced clinical illness, but deaths were infrequent. During the presence of clinical signs, oropharyngeal swabs were superior for isolation of AIV, but cloacal swabs were more successful after disappearance of clinical signs. Agar gel precipitin (AGP) serologic test was superior for detecting AIV infection during the clinical phase, but AGP and hemagglutinin inhibition tests were equally effective in detecting infections after recovery from clinical illness. Passage of P11/94B parent stock and selected 14-day-embryo-passed AIVs in adult hens resulted in emergence of some HP AIV derivatives. The hemagglutinin of Q1/95 and P11/ 94B parent stock and derivative AIVs had an identical proteolytic cleavage site of.... Pro-Gln-Arg-Lys-Arg-Lys-Thr-Arg-Gly, consistent with AIVs of high pathogenicity. However, no consistent differences were identified in the sequence of the hemagglutinin gene to explain the discrepancy in lethality patterns of the P11/94B AIVs. This suggests that genes other than the hemagglutinin impact the full expression of high lethality of Mexican-origin AIV infections in chickens.

Animals↗
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[Effect of pyridoxine on histamine liberation and degranulation of rat mast cells].

Pyridoxine, one of the B vitamins, has been shown to be useful in the treatment of childhood bronchial asthma by Collip et al. (1975). A double-blind study with 76 asthmatic children followed for five months indicated significant improvement in asthma following pyridoxine therapy (200 mg daily) and a reduction in dosage of bronchodilators and cortisone. Other reports have shown that nicotinamide, another B vitamin shows inhibitory activity in rat mast cell degranulation and histamine release (Bekier et al. 1974, Wiczolkowska and Maslinski, 1975, 1976). These results induced us to investigate if pyridoxine, like nicotinamide or disodium cromoglycate, exhibits pharmacological inhibitory activity in rat mast cell degranulation and histamine release induced by antigen or other non-immunological stimulants. We found that pyridoxine at concentrations of 10 (-3) M, or greater significantly inhibited rat mast cell degranulation and histamine release induced by phospholipase A, compound 48/80, antigen (egg albumin) or a mixture of dextran and phosphatidyl serine, respectively. In these experimental models, pyridoxine shows a pharmacological profile similar to nicotinamide and disodium cromoglycate, although weaker than the latter. In spite of this, the lack of toxicity of this vitamin at relatively high doses (1 or 1.5 g), the possibility that other mechanisms of action may be involved, such as the improvement in tryptophan metabolism reported by Collip following pyridoxine therapy, suggest that this vitamine merits additional research.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Molecular characterization of the hemagglutinin gene and oral immunization with a waterfowl-origin avian influenza virus.

Vaccination against highly pathogenic (HP) subtypes of avian influenza (AI) virus in poultry has been prohibited in the United States. Recently, policy has been changed to potentially allow use of inactivated vaccines in emergency programs to control HP H5 and H7 AI. Vaccination with inactivated virus against non-highly pathogenic AI viruses has been allowed in the U.S. turkey industry since 1979 (1) but requires expensive handling of individual birds for parenteral inoculation. Oral immunization would provide a less expensive method to protect commercial poultry from AI. Prime candidates for oral vaccines are waterfowl-origin (WFO) isolates, which have a tropism for the alimentary tract. One WFO isolate, A/mallard/Ohio/556/1987 (H5N9) (MOh87), was characterized by determining the complete nucleotide sequence of its hemagglutinin (HA) gene. The HA protein of this isolate possessed a deduced amino acid sequence nearly identical to the consensus amino acid sequence for all published H5 genes, indicating that it has potential as a broadly effective vaccine. Experimental results demonstrated measurable serum antibody responses to orally delivered live and inactivated preparations of MOh87. Oral vaccination also protected chickens from diverse, lethal H5 AI virus challenge strains and blocked cloacal shedding of challenge virus.

Administration, Oral↗