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Biomedical subjects

M Galvin

Publications and source records attributed to M Galvin.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Conceptualization of conscience in normal children and adolescents, ages 5 to 17.

In order to determine how normal children and adolescents conceptualize their conscience, the Stilwell Conscience Interview was given to 125 normal subjects between the ages of 5 and 17. Responses to questions 1, 2 and 11 (including the drawing of conscience) were empirically analyzed, resulting in a five-stage developmental model. The responses were then randomly presented to two blinded raters to assign them to one of the five stages. Highly acceptable interrater reliability was found, Kappa = 0.90. The relationship of age to stage demonstrated a highly significant positive correlation, indicating that the conceptualization of conscience in normal development follows an invariant, hierarchical pattern of organization. A commentary regarding each stage is presented. The value of this conceptualization model as a comparative standard of normality in the clinical assessment of youngsters suffering from psychopathology is discussed relative to assessment, psychotherapy, and future research.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing applications for lactococcal bacteriocins.

While much of the applied research carried out to date with bacteriocins has concerned nisin, lactococci produce other bacteriocins with economic potential. An example is the two component bacteriocin lacticin 3147, which is active over a wide pH range and has a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive bacteria. Since the genetic determinants for lacticin 3147 are encoded on a large self-transmissible plasmid, the bacteriocin genes may be conveniently transferred to different lactococcal starters. The resulting food-grade strains can then be used to make a significant impact on the safety and quality of a variety of fermented foods, through the inhibition of undesirable microflora. The bacteriocin is heat stable so it can also be used as an ingredient in a powdered form such as a spray-dried fermentate. Given the observation that lacticin 3147 is effective at physiological pH, there is also considerable potential for biomedical applications. Field trials have demonstrated its efficacy in the prevention of mastitis infections in dairy cows. In contrast to lacticin 3147, the lactococcin bacteriocins A, B and M have a narrow spectrum of activity limited to lactococci. Strains which produce these inhibitors can be exploited in the acceleration of cheese ripening by assisting the premature lysis of starter cultures.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute nutrition management in insulin-dependent diabetes: presentation of an index case.

Diabetic patients unable to ingest nutrients orally but who have functioning gastrointestinal tracts should be nutritionally supported via enteral feeding. Provision of enteral nutrition can be problematic in terms of glycemic control. Diabetes compounded with kidney failure further complicates calorie delivery and distribution. Enteral-nutrition formulas should be carefully selected with attention to macronutrient profile, specific carbohydrate constituents, and presence or absence of dietary fiber. Modular components can be added to standard enteral feedings to alter calorie distribution while enhancing calorie provision. Selecting the method of insulin infusion (i.e., intermittent subcutaneous insulin therapy versus continuous intravenous or continuous subcutaneous infusion) for maximizing glucose control is an important step in the acute nutrition management of insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Attention to nutrition indices, fingersticks, and parameters of enteral-feeding intolerance is of utmost importance. The transition from enteral to oral nutrition will depend on adequacy of oral intake as determined by calorie counts.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutrition management in acute renal failure.

A case report is presented in which a man developed acute renal failure after a surgical misadventure. The initial management, postoperative course with the manifestation of acute tubular necrosis with oliguria and its physiological sequelae, nutrition management in the context of the overall treatment, hospital course, and patient's disease are discussed in detail. The rationale for giving nutrition support, the general considerations for providing nutrients, and the specific nutrition considerations as they pertain to the patient under discussion are outlined to provide a comprehensive guide and overview of the nutrition management of a patient with acute renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗