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Biomedical subjects

M Gallucci

Publications and source records attributed to M Gallucci.

161 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Wernicke encephalopathy: MR findings in five patients.

Wernicke encephalopathy is a disease usually related to chronic alcoholism. The clinical diagnosis is often difficult to establish, and CT is unable to provide specific findings. MR follow-up studies in five patients affected by Wernicke encephalopathy were performed with the aim of establishing the sensitivity of MR in depicting the typical diencephalic/mesencephalic lesions. All subjects had MR imaging in the acute phase of the disease and were reexamined 6-12 months later, at which time they were in good health. Three of them also had CT scanning. On MR, hyperintense areas seen surrounding the third ventricle and aqueduct during the acute phase of the disease had disappeared or diminished on follow-up evaluations. The third ventricle and aqueduct were dilated. We suggest that these findings reflect the natural evolution of Wernicke encephalopathy. The MR findings in Wernicke encephalopathy enable early diagnosis of the disease, which has a positive effect on both treatment and prognosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The diagnostic value of magnetic resonance in disc pathology of the lumbosacral region.

An MRI tomograph was used to examine 396 patients with suspected disc pathology of the lumbosacral region. Forty two patients in whom disc herniation was diagnosed underwent surgery. MR proved to be a reliable and accurate method for the diagnosis of disc herniation, revealing its site and size as well as compression on the neural structures. The limits of MR are discussed and integrated diagnostic protocol in lumbosacral disc pathology is proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities. Their assessment with magnetic resonance].

MR imaging was performed on 38 patients with suspected malignant soft-tissue tumors of the extremities. MR diagnostic accuracy was compared with that of other methods. All patients underwent surgical control. In 7 cases MR imaging was employed to demonstrate the tumor response to antiblastic local perfusion. Lesion identification, extension, compartmental evaluation, bone and vascular involvement were the diagnostic parameters considered. In all cases MR imaging detected the lesion, correctly showing the intracompartmental (16 patients) or extracompartmental (22 patients) extension. In 2 out of 6 cases MR imaging did not demonstrate bone invasion, and in 1 case vascular involvement could not be assessed. MR diagnostic accuracy was superior to that of other techniques. Nonetheless, a diagnostic protocol was proposed for the local staging of malignant soft-tissue tumors of the extremities where some diagnostic limitations of MR imaging are taken into account--i.e., inconsistent evaluation of bone and vascular involvement. Plain X-rays and US are the imaging modalities of choice, whereas MR imaging is to be a second-choice diagnostic technique before biopsy. Thus, MR imaging replaces CT, while angiography is to be used in selected cases, where MR imaging is not diagnostic due to vascular involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparing computerized tomography and magnetic resonance in the study of articular pathology of the knee].

The authors present a comparison between the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the articular pathologies of the knee. CT and MRI were performed in 30 patients who subsequently underwent surgery. CT and MRI results were compared on three bases: technique, definition of normal anatomy, and diagnostic accuracy. CT allowed a standardization of the technique, while MRI was superior in defining normal anatomy--especially in the study of capsulo-ligamentous structures. In all cases the use of both CT and MRI allowed a correct diagnosis, showing the site, extent and gravity of the lesion. CT proved to be superior to MRI in 4 cases, while MRI corrected CT diagnosis in 11 cases; in 15 patients both techniques had the same diagnostic accuracy. Meniscal tears were better identified by CT, while MRI was superior in the detection of ligamentous lesions and in the characterization of PVNS and tendinitis of the patellar tendon. In conclusion, MRI should be performed in selected cases only, or when CT cannot be trusted; on the other hand, it might also be used as a first-choice diagnostic procedure for synovial pathologies and acute lesions of the anterior cruciate ligament.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of magnetic resonance in the staging and post-chemotherapeutic follow-up of malignant maxillo-facial tumors].

Ten patients with squamous cell carcinomas located in the maxillo-facial region were studied. In all cases the staging by Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MRI) revealed metastatic lesions in stage T3-T4. All patients underwent polichemotherapy before surgery. MRI proved to be more accurate in the staging of tumors in 3 cases only, while in 7 cases both techniques showed the same diagnostic accuracy. In the follow-up, MRI allowed the evaluation of the effect of chemotherapy on the carcinomas: it demonstrated the regression and necrosis of 9 tumors out of 10 (the patients could undergo surgery), and the progression of the tumor in 1 case. The study of bioptic specimens demonstrated the lack of correlation between histological grading of the tumors with MRI signal intensity and T1, T2 relaxation time, as measured by spectroscopy.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neoplasms of the optic-chiasmatic region.

Diagnosis of neoplasms of the optic-chiasmatic region is facilitated by assessment of onset symptoms. They represent the basis for a specific radiologic study, allowing a differential diagnosis between radiologically similar forms. An easy approach to these neoplasms is to separate malignant lesions from non-neoplastic space-occupying lesions. Diagnostic imaging of neoplasms of the optic-chiasmatic region is based on MRI, occasionally combined with CT. Because of its peculiar embryology, the region is the site of numerous neoformations. However, differential diagnosis is ready in most cases. To plan the most suitable surgical management, the relations of the lesions with adjacent anatomical structures should be carefully assessed. More complex syndromes (gliomas in NF1, infundibulopeduncular histiocytosis in eosinophilic granulomatosis, etc.) should also be considered.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytometric DNA ploidy after different types of urinary diversions.

Patients undergoing uterosigmoidostomy (USS) have a high risk of developing colon cancer, while no evidence of an increased risk associated with rectal bladder (RB) has been reported. The purpose of the present study was to monitor the presence of aneuploidy by flow cytometry in patients who have undergone USS and RB as a possible basis for the identification of patients with an increased risk of malignant tumor occurrence. We have observed that 31% Of USS and 27% of RB cases were aneuploid. Data from the present investigation confirm that follow up studies may be useful in patients after urinary diversion.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of urinary incontinence with AMS 800 artificial urinary sphincter.

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence has a significant impact on the quality of life for patients. The introduction of the AMS 800 artificial urinary sphincter by American Medical Systems (Minnetonka, MN, USA) has revolutionized the treatment of urinary incontinence due to pure sphincteric incompetence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From April 1989 to October 1997, a total of 52 patients (42 men and 3 women) underwent implantation of the AMS 800 artificial sphincter. Patient age ranged from 31 to 87 years (mean 69.5 years). They all were suffering from urinary incontinence caused by sphincteric damage, always of iatrogenic origin. Follow-up was 5-110 months, with a mean of 35 months. RESULTS: The restoration of continence was complete for 35 patients and allowed them all to return to their normal life. 7 of the patients who had a successful implant died because of other problems. For 2 patients follow-up was not available. Explantation was performed 8 times: in 5 male patients the device was removed because of periprosthetic infections; in 1 female patient with ileal neobladder, because of serious urethral necrosis; and in 2 male patients because of an urethral erosion. CONCLUSIONS: The AMS 800 artificial urinary sphincter is the most efficacious treatment currently available for urinary incontinence due to pure sphincteric incompetence. Implanted patients achieved acceptable urinary control. The implantation is associated with 2 distinct complications: surgical and mechanical.

Adult↗