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Biomedical subjects

M Galante

Publications and source records attributed to M Galante.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Parathyroid carcinoma versus parathyroid adenoma in patients with profound hypercalcemia.

The metabolic manifestations and operative findings in 10 patients with a diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma were analyzed to determine whether they differ from those in patients with parathyroid adenomas and similar degrees of hypercalcemia. Two groups of patients with parathyroid adenomas were used for comparison. Group A consisted of eight patients with "atypical" benign adenomas (mean preoperative level of serum calcium: 13.4 mg/dl); group B consisted of 13 patients with benign typical adenomas--all with preoperative serum calcium levels greater than or equal to 13.0 mg/dl (mean: 14.2 mg/dl). The patients with carcinoma (mean preoperative level of serum calcium: 15.3 mg/dl) had a frequency of osteoporosis and osteitis fibrosa cystica (50%) comparable with that of group A (33%) and group B (62%). Seventy percent of the patients with carcinoma had renal disease (nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, or impaired renal function), whereas only 38% of group A and 15% of group B had similar disorders. The patients with carcinomas had the highest frequency of combined bone and renal disease (50% versus 14% in group A and 15% in group B). Anemia, peptic ulcer disease, and hypertension occurred with similar frequencies in the three groups. Three patients with recurrent parathyroid carcinoma died of profound hypercalcemia, renal failure, or cardiac arrhythmia. In general, although patients with parathyroid carcinomas have more profound metabolic abnormalities than do patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, the metabolic manifestations in patients with parathyroid carcinoma are comparable with those in patients with parathyroid adenomas and profound hypercalcemia. Furthermore atypical adenomas share many anatomic and histopathologic features with parathyroid carcinomas, and distinguishing between the two is sometimes possible only in cases of tumor recurrence.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

A new method with high sensitivity and specificity for localization of abnormal parathyroid glands.

A novel method for localization of abnormal parathyroid glands involving color-processing of nuclear scintigrams of the neck after injection of Thallium-201 and Technetium pertechnetate is presented with surgical correlation. Preoperative localization of single parathyroid adenomas was successful in 88% of previously unoperated patients and in 85.7% of those with adenomas not located at previous surgery. Eighty-three per cent of glands with secondary hyperplasia, 66% of glands with primary hyperplasia, and one carcinoma were localized. No abnormal studies were seen in non-hyperparathyroid hypercalcemia, and no false positive studies were seen. Localization appeared related to larger adenomas (300-5000 mg), although one of 60 mg was localized. Color-comparison dual-isotype scintigraphy was useful for localization of parathyroid adenomas and hyperplastic glands and exceeded the reported sensitivity of either ultrasonography or computerized tomography. It deserves wider evaluation in preoperative management of at least hyperparathyroidism of the primary or persistent types.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1982

Carcinoma of the thyroid with a mixed medullary and follicular pattern: morphologic, immunohistochemical, and clinical laboratory studies.

We recently encountered an unusual carcinoma of the thyroid gland with a predominantly medullary pattern admixed with areas of follicular differentiation. Both patterns prevailed at the primary site and in bilateral cervical lymph node metastases. The tumor cells were stained for calcitonin by indirect immunofluorescence technique and were found to contain dense-core granules by electron microscopy. Calcitonin was demonstrated in tumor homogenates by radioimmunoassay and was elevated in the serum. Immunofluorescence staining also revealed thyroglobulin in the neoplastic cells. Moreover, following total thyroidectomy, the cervical node metastases concentrated radioactive iodine (131I), and serum thyroglobulin was increased at one stage of the disease when measured by radioimmunoassay. These findings are discussed in the light of the dual embryonic derivation of the thyroid gland.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Development of the adenylate cyclase activity of the embryonic chorda-mesoderm and endoderm during the migration of primordial germ cells in Xenopus laevis (anuran amphibian)].

In the embryo of Xenopus laevis, adenylate cyclase activity is higher in the chorda-mesoderm than in the endoderm. The peak of activity in the chorda-mesoderm is observed at the beginning of the migration of the primordial germ cells (PGC). There could be a correlation between the adenylate cyclase activity of the chorda-mesoderm and the intraendodermic migration of the PGC.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1982

Localization of parathyroid adenoma by computed tomography.

Sixteen consecutive patients with the clinical diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism, nine with and seven without previous surgery, had computed tomography (CT) examinations preoperatively to evaluate the use of CT in localizing parathyroid adenomas. The patients were scanned at 5 mm intervals from the level of the hyoid bone to the lung apex. Scanning of the mediastinum was performed at 10 mm intervals from apex to lung base. Computed tomography correctly identified prospectively the site of the adenoma in 10 of 13 patients (77%), with surgically proven adenomas. In retrospect, all 13 adenomas could be identified. One false positive diagnosis of adenoma was made. Our study suggests that CT may be beneficial in the preoperative localization of parathyroid tumors, particularly in ectopic locations.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

Radical surgery in the management of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix and vagina in young women.

The treatment of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix and vagina in young women has varied widely from one institution to another. Since 1956, 16 such patients have been treated primarily with radical surgery at the University of California, San Francisco. The operations have ranged from radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection with preservation of the ovaries to total pelvic exenteration, depending upon the location and extent of the disease. Vaginal reconstruction has been carried out in most of the patients who required vaginectomy. Eleven of the 16 patients are living and well. The remaining five have died of disease, two of them after relatively long disease-free intervals.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Feedback-controlled dextrose infusion during surgical management of insulinomas.

Through the use of a feedback-controlled dextrose infusion system, we obtained continuous monitoring of the blood glucose level in a patient undergoing surgery for multiple pancreatic beta-cell tumors. In addition, this device infused dextrose at variable rates to maintain a predetermined euglycemic level of 90 mg/dl. Before locating the source of excessive insulin production, the maximum dextrose infusion rate of 400 mg/min was required; but after extirpation of multiple insulinomas, the dextrose-infusion rate declined whereas the blood glucose level rose above the preselected level. These results emphasize the usefulness of a monitoring and infusion system not only in protecting the patient from the hazard of hypoglycemia under anesthesia but also as an aid in determining whether all insulin-secreting tumors have been removed.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1979

Clinical experience of electronic peroneal stimulators in 50 hemiparetic patients.

Fifty hemiparetic subjects were selected from a population of 250 patients according to criteria forsuitable candidates for peroneal stimulation. The patients received from 10 to 120 hours of treatment during 2--5 weeks. The therapeutic results obtained were classified into four groups, ranging from none to excellent improvement of voluntary movement and reduction of spasticity. The clinical results were correlated to different variables where time from lesion, spasticity, and extent of treatment appeared to be the most important ones. The percentage of excellent results decreased with increasing time from lesion and spasticity, and increased with increasing treatment. Orthotic validity (i.e. the beneficial effect of the orthosis) was observed in 76% of the selected cases and in most of them it was very significant. Preliminary tests performed on 9 subjects showed that in cases with orthotic validity the peroneal brace slightly reduces the oxygen consumption of patients and improves their motivation. This work gives a more quantitative perspective of the validity of functional peroneal stimulation and a better indication of criteria for patient selection. The overall validity of an electronic peroneal brace appears to apply to 15% of the total ambulatory hemiparetic population and its therapeutic value is relevant in two-thirds of such cases if sufficient treatment is provided. Application of functional electrical stimulation to non-ambulatory subjects in the acute phase may however lead to a higher percentage of cases of therapeutic validity.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Psychopharmacological study with K 8409, a 1H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran 3-dialkylamino substituted derivative.

A 1H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran derivative (K 8409) has undergone pharmacological investigation for psychotropic activity. The results show potential antidepressant action quantitatively similar to that of imipramine and amitriptyline, but due rather to MAO inhibition than to imipramine-like activity; interestingly enough, anti-MAO activity was particularly selective for the serotonin-converting enzyme, both centrally and peripherally. The outcome of the other tests suggests that the incidence of untoward effects is likely to be limited.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Combined treatment methods for carcinoma of the esophagus.

From 1950 to 1973, 129 patients received irradiation for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma at the University of California, San Francisco. From this group, 26 received surgical and irradiation treatment. Twelve did not receive irradiation until recurrence became evident and among them were no 5-year survivors. Among the other 14 were six 5-year survivors (43%). The authors believe that planned sequential irradiation and surgery offer the best chance for cure in squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Selection factors, treatment details, and therapeutic regimens are presented and a management plan proposed for this group of operable patients.

Aged↗