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Biomedical subjects

M Galanski

Publications and source records attributed to M Galanski.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Postoperative conventional tomography of the temporal bone in the assessment of inadequate perception in patients with cochlear implants].

Between August 1984 and August 1990, 166 patients received a 22-channel cochlear implant (Nucleus) in the ENT clinic in Hannover. Some of these patients who were able to understand speech nevertheless complained of inadequate perception. To study this further a phantom skull with a cochlear implant was examined by CT and by conventional tomography of the petrous bone in various image planes. The method of choice for evaluating the position and appearance of the cochlear implant proved to be conventional tomography of the petrous bone in the frontal transorbital plane. In 7/23 patients examined it was possible to demonstrate dislocation of the electrodes; this is evidently responsible for the faulty perception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Hardware and software artifacts in storage phosphor radiography.

Hardware and software artifacts in digital radiographs acquired with storage phosphor systems can seriously impair image quality and imitate or mask abnormalities. These artifacts are caused by image plate, image reader, and laser printer defects; faulty image readout; processing errors; and unsharp masking. The artifacts can simulate calcifications and pneumothoraces or conceal low-contrast ill-defined lesions and subtle lesions along opacity interfaces. Hardware artifacts need to be recognized and properly traced to repair the system or improve its maintenance. Artifacts due to software characteristics and image post-processing must also be identified to ensure adequate system handling and adjustment of postprocessing algorithms.

Artifacts↗
PubMed1991

[Digital projection radiography].

Several hundred storage phosphor digital projection radiography (DR) systems are in operation in many parts of the world in experimental and clinical settings. They are used clinically for almost all projection radiographic studies except mammography. An overview is given of the experimental and clinical results achieved so far. Image post-processing has yet to meet the initial expectations. The average image quality will certainly improve with automatic brightness control. Edge enhancement should be performed in selected applications only. A true increase in diagnostic information probably cannot be expected except with dual energy techniques. Dose reductions are possible only in those studies in which the specific imaging task permits a decrease in signal-to-noise ratio.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Destructive non-infectious spondylopathy during hemodialysis].

Improvement of long-term treatment with hemodialysis requires an optimized radiological differential diagnosis of bone changes associated with long-term hemodialysis. 85 patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis were examined. In a conventional radiographic skeletal survey of the whole spine, 22 patients (26%) had involved intervertebral discs. The site of predilection was the cervical spine followed by the lumbar spine; oligosegmental involvement was seen in nine patients. Eighteen patients with destructive non-infectious spondyloarthropahy had juxtaarticular cystic bony changes associated with the hip, shoulder and wrist. Bone biopsy in eight patients revealed amyloid as content of these cysts. The interrelation between the duration of preterminal and terminal renal failure on one hand and destructive bone changes in the spine and cysts on the other hand seems to point to destructive spondyloarthropathy as an important complication of renal insufficiency and dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Complications of osteosynthesis in the x-ray picture].

Internal and external fixation devices are widely used in traumatology and orthopedic surgery. Early radiographic detection of complications due to bone surgery is based on a thorough knowledge of the different types of implants and their biomechanical properties. The development of early and late complications is demonstrated.

Equipment Failure↗
PubMed1990

[Ultrasonic evaluation of homologous bone and cartilage transplants of the femoral condyles].

Evaluation of the weight-bearing articular cartilage of the femoral condyles is possible by sonography. Bone and cartilage transplants can be examined by conventional radiological methods combined with sonography. This provides clinically relevant information. Sonography is a cheap imaging method for providing additional information on the post-operative course of cartilage transplants.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Postoperative diagnosis following separate replacement of an aortic valve and an ascending aorta using IV-DSA and CT].

We performed a follow-up examination by intravenous DSA and dynamic CT of 14 patients with separate replacement of aortic valve and ascending aorta due to an aneurysm or an aortic dissection. In 5 patients, we found an aortic ectasia at the aortic bulb or a perfused "graft inclusion". Both are best demonstrated with dynamic CT. As a result of the study, the operation technique was changed. In the postoperative management of patients with separate replacement of aortic bulb and ascending aorta, careful monitoring by dynamic CT is necessary even in the absence of clinical symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Storage phosphor versus screen-film radiography: effect of varying exposure parameters and unsharp mask filtering on the detectability of cortical bone defects.

Diagnostic performance with storage phosphor radiography is influenced by exposure parameters and digital filtering algorithms. The authors compared the detectability of cortical lesions in excised human femoral shafts on state-of-the-art screen-film radiographs and storage phosphor digital radiographs. For the digital system, the effect of varying exposure parameters (photon flux and tube voltage) and unsharp mask filtering (kernel size and enhancement factor) was tested. Analysis of receiver operating characteristics was performed for 10,560 observations made by eight radiologists. Under identical exposure conditions, storage phosphor imaging yielded no significant advantages over conventional screen-film radiography. Although large variations in exposure dose are possible with storage phosphors, the potential for dose reduction was limited even by means of an increase in tube voltage. The performance with unsharp masked images declined with decreasing kernel size and pronounced enhancement.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1990

[Sonography of the wrist and the hand].

Sonographic examination of the hand requires high-frequency linear transducers. As the relevant structures are located very close to the surface, water stand-off pads are mandatory. Owing to the high sensitivity of sonography in the detection of fluid, exudative synovitis, tenosynovitis and ganglia can be easily diagnosed. Sonographic information on muscle atrophy and alterations of the shape and echogenicity of the median nerve in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome may be useful in evaluating the extent of disease. Further indications for the sonographic examination of the hand include suspected tumors, foreign bodies and synovial proliferation. Osseous destruction can be visualized in patients with rheumatoid disease, but the precise extent is hard to determine.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1990

[Drug-induced changes in the lungs].

There is a growing number of drugs with lung toxicity, and radiologists are increasingly confronted with nonspecific patterns of possibly drug-induced lung disease. The present article reviews clinical symptoms, pathological findings and radiographic features associated with drugs causing lung disease. Roentgen-morphological categorization is based on the predominant pattern and distinguishes five groups of drugs that cause interstitial opacities, air space consolidation, mixed interstitial and consolidating opacities, pulmonary edema and alterations associated with pulmonary vessels. Clinical, pathological and radiological findings are nonspecific in the majority of cases, and clinicians and radiologists can only hope to assess the probability of drug-induced lung disease by correlating radiographic and clinical data. Useful clinical data include respiratory symptoms, results of respiratory function tests, dose and schedule of drug administration, and information concerning concomitant or previous administration of drugs or radiation therapy. Useful radiographic data include the distribution of densities seen on the chest radiograph, the presence or absence of thoracic adenopathy and pleural effusion. Drug-induced lung disease frequently simulates disseminated opportunistic infections (particularly pneumocystis carinii) and must be differentiated from these because the treatment is completely different. Since early recognition and withdrawal of the noxious agent constitute the best treatment for drug-induced disease, the physician's alertness to drug toxicity is most important.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions↗
PubMed1990

[Preliminary results with digital luminescence radiography in radiotherapy].

Port films in radiation therapy suffer from low image contrast und exposure errors. We examined the potential of computed radiography with a storage phosphor system (FCR-901/Siemens Digiscan) to overcome these drawbacks. Port films of various treatment sites were obtained for both, conventional films and digital storage phosphor screens with a DuPont cassette and steel intensifier screens under identical exposure settings. We examined port films from a linear accelerator and from a 60Co source. We found a superior contrast in the digital images and an almost total elimination of exposure errors. The differences between digital and conventional images, however, were less pronounced with films from the 60Co source. Unsharp mask filtering (medium kernel size, moderate enhancement) further improved image quality. Several sources of artefacts in the digital images could be described.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1990

[Thoracic roentgen findings in acquired antibody deficiency syndrome with chronic granulomatous inflammation].

Ten cases of acquired antibody deficiency syndrome with chronic granulomatous infection were diagnosed in our hospital during the past 10 years. We were able to perform a retrospective analysis of the initial and follow-up chest radiographs in 8 of these patients. The following pathological findings could be demonstrated: 1. increased bronchovascular markings in the basal lung fields, 2. reticular densities in the middle and basal lung fields, 3. confluent nodular densities of varying size in the periphery of the basal and middle fields, 4. pulmonary infiltrates in the middle and lower lobes, 5. hilar node enlargement of moderate extent. Findings 2, 3 and 5 completely disappeared under steroid therapy whereas 1 showed only partial recovery. If both the radiologic and serological findings are considered, it is possible to differentiate this disease from sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma with lipiodol, epirubicin and cisplatin].

The therapeutic effect of combined chemoembolization with lipiodol, epirubicin and cisplatin in 22 patients with nonresectable tumours, predominantly in livers with cirrhotic transformation, was analysed. Lipiodol was demonstrated in tumour tissue on average three months, maximally six months, after injection. Repeat embolization was done, if possible, after storage had subsided. There were only minor side effects. Quality of life suffered only from the, though delayed, continuing cancer growth. Survival rate was 73% after six months, 54% after one year.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1989

[Neurocutaneous melanosis].

The authors report on a patient of 33 years of age suffering from neurocutaneous melanosis in whom two years after excision of a naevus pigmentosus et pilosus giganteus cellular proliferation of the melanoblasts in the area of the soft meninges was seen. This process led to the death of the patient within a few weeks' time despite intensive therapeutic measures, the manifestation being that of a generalised space-occupying growth in the CNS. Neuroradiological techniques can objectify the clinical pattern of signs of this very rare disease and may possibly enable an early diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Sonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax].

The sonographic appearances of the pleura were studied in 20 normals and in eight patients with radiologically confirmed pneumothoraces. In all 20 normals it was possible to demonstrate the respiratory excursion of the visceral pleura. Moreover, the margin between pleura and aerated lung parenchyma was marked by artifacts resembling a comet's tail. In all eight patients with pneumothoraces pleural air could be inferred by the absence of pleural movement and of the comet-tail artifacts. In emergency situations, where it is not possible to obtain radiographs, or to obtain them with sufficient speed, sonography may make a crucial contribution to the diagnosis of a pneumothorax.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[ROC: a method for comparing the diagnostic performance of imaging procedures].

ROC analysis permits an evaluation of the diagnostic performance of imaging systems by incorporating the individual decision threshold of the diagnostician that determines the relation between sensitivity and specificity of a tested system. It therefore facilitates the comparison between different imaging systems and observers. A thorough knowledge and sophistication of this methodology is of special importance in the comparison of digital and conventional projection radiography because the images in question may have a very similar character. The method is explained and special points of interest (standard of "truth", size of sample, lesion conspicuity and localisation, viewing time and determination of significance) are emphasised.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed1989

[Ultrasonic anatomy and study technic of the normal carpal tunnel and the distal median nerve].

The wrists of 16 normal volunteers were examined via high-resolution sonography with special reference to the carpal tunnel. In all cases the surfaces of the carpal bones, the flexor retinaculum, the tendons, the vessels, (Aa. radialis and ulnaris) and the nerves (Nn. medianus and ulnaris) were observed. The sonographic characteristics of the median nerve are discussed and the possibilities of identification are demonstrated. It appears that the echogenicity of the nerve depends strongly on the angle of the ultrasound beam.

Adult↗