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Biomedical subjects

M Gal

Publications and source records attributed to M Gal.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Some useful basics of functional anatomy for a better understanding of the pain phenomenon].

Cannot simply be considered as a nociception phenomenon: it is more complex than a simple transmission system that conveys this information to the cerebral cortex. It is mainly a psychological event. Numerous regulating and inhibiting effects on incoming pain signals exist, for the most part located in spinal and thalamic areas; only half of these are morphine-dependent. Knowledge of these allows a better approach to chronic pain, using not only medication but also other techniques such as physiotherapy and music therapy analgesia.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

[Pain assessment].

After recalling the components and the factors influencing the pain, are stated the main reasons which needs for the evaluation of the pain. The different methods allowing an evaluation of the pain are then described with their advantages and disadvantages. These methods are based on, on one hand on questonary with as a support the use of different mono or multidimensional scales and on the other hand a clinical examination. The goal of this proceeding is to elaborate a scale of the pain for a better adaptation of it's therapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

[Chondroma and chondrosarcoma of the larynx: apropos of 4 cases].

Chondroma and laryngeal chondrosarcomas, tumours of variable malignancy, are rare but a source of concern given their location and the surgery involved. Their anatomical limits and classification are still difficult, to the extent that the diagnosis of chondroma is often questioned. Of the four cases reported, two presented a high degree of malignancy, including one with metastasis. Two required a total laryngectomy, and two a partial laryngectomy with a costal cartilage graft in one case.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Primary lymphoma of the ovary. A case report and critical review of the literature.

Primary lymphoma of the ovary is an extremely rare cause of ovarian mass. Few cases have been recorded in English literature, and controversy still exists as to the existence of such an entity. We present a case whose diagnosis can be supported by rigorous diagnostic criteria--a long follow-up after surgery with only one course of adjunctive polychemotherapy. This case, together with a review of the literature, will enrich our knowledge on the issue and on the treatment of these patients.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Low dose ketoconazole attenuates serum androgen levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and inhibits ovarian steroidogenesis in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a low-dose ketoconazole on ovarian steroidogenesis and on serum androgen levels in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN: In vitro, human granulosa-luteal cells were incubated with ketoconazole and radiolabeled steroid substrates, to follow their metabolic fate by thin-layer chromatography analysis. In vivo, normally cycling women (n = 7) in their luteal phase were administered one tablet of 200 mg ketoconazole at 8 A.M. Serum steroid levels, sampled basally and at 12 P.M., 4 P.M., and 8 A.M. the next morning, were compared with untreated control group (n = 7) values. Polycystic ovary syndrome women (n = 11) were similarly administered ketoconazole 6 to 10 days after occurrence of spontaneous menses. Adrenal origin of hyperandrogenemia was excluded by stimulation with ACTH and a normal basal DHEAS. The steroid diurnal variation was determined in the same patients a day before treatment. RESULTS: In vitro, ketoconazole selectively inhibited the key steroidogenic cytochromes, namely P450scc, P45017 alpha, and P450arom (IC50 = 0.5 to 1.0 microgram/mL). In vivo, in the luteal phase, ketoconazole transiently decreased serum values (mean +/- SE) of E2 (19.2% +/- 2.1%) and P (38.3% +/- 8.5%) within 4 to 8 hours. The same low-dose ketoconazole, administered to PCOS women, decreased serum values of androstenedione (17.6% +/- 4.7%), T (24.6% +/- 7.6%), and free T (30.7% +/- 7.7%). In contrast, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone increased concomitantly (78.5% +/- 10.8%), suggesting a greater suppressibility of the P45017 alpha lyase activity. The E2 levels in PCOS patients were slightly elevated (29.1% +/- 5.6%), resulting in a 1.7- to 2.3-fold increase of the E2:T ratio. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a low-dose ketoconazole may facilitate a decreased intraovarian T:E2 ratio, which may prove favorable for follicular maturation in PCOS.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1994

The prevalence of adenomyosis and endometriosis in an ultra-religious Jewish population.

In view of increasing incidence of adenomyosis and endometriosis reported in recent years, we evaluated the incidence of these disorders in a unique ultra-orthodox Jewish population over the past 20 years by reviewing 1,434 hysterectomy specimens. The incidence of adenomyosis among the hysterectomy specimens decreased from 15.14% in the first 10 years of the period studied, to 9.24% in the second decade (p < 0.05). The incidence of endometriosis remained unchanged, and was very low (1.12%) compared to published data. Our findings highlight the possible effects of heredity, religious and social behavior on the etiology of endometriosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of ketoconazole on steroidogenic human granulosa-luteal cells in culture.

Ketoconazole (KCZ), a widely used antifungal drug, has been reported in humans to inhibit adrenal and testicular steroidogenesis by interfering with the cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the drug effect on steroidogenic human granulosa-luteal cells, obtained by follicular aspiration from mature follicles of gonadotropin-treated women. Cells were cultured in long-term monolayers, and the steroid production was assayed by radioimmunoassay. A profound inhibition of ovarian cell secretion of progesterone (P), testosterone (T) and estradiol was found. At a low concentration (5 micrograms/ml), KCZ failed to inhibit the conversion of pregnenolone to P, mediated by the non-cytochrome 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase enzyme (3 beta-HSDH). At a similar concentration, P secretion by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 100 mIU/ml) -treated cells was decreased by 68% (P less than 0.001) and therefore, an inhibitory effect of KCZ on the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P-450SCC) was assumed. A similar marked inhibitory effect (81%) (P less than 0.001) on T secretion was observed for hCG-stimulated cells given pregnenolone as substrate. The P-450 aromatase was profoundly inhibited (86%) (P less than 0.001) in a reversible manner, by a similar concentration (5 micrograms/ml) of KCZ. These findings suggest that KCZ has the capability to suppress human ovarian steroidogenesis similarly as in testis and adrenal.

Aromatase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1990

The effect of disopyramide on uterine contractions during pregnancy.

To evaluate the effect of disopyramide on uterine contractions during pregnancy, the drug was given for 48 hours to 10 women with indications for labor induction. Placebo was given to 10 other women with the same indications for induction. During the study period, regular uterine contractions occurred in 10 women in the study group, as compared with none in the control group (p less than 0.0001). Eight women in the study group were delivered of infants within 48 hours, as compared with none in the control group (p less than 0.0001). The mean time until the appearance of regular uterine contractions in the study group (4.15 +/- 1.76 hours) was significantly shorter (p less than 0.001) than that in the control group (56.13 +/- 5.28 hours). Patients who were not delivered of infants within 48 hours received other medications (prostaglandin E2, oxytocin). The mean maternal blood level of disopyramide at the time of appearance of uterine contractions was 1.52 +/- 0.9 mg/ml. The mean maternal level at delivery was 0.93 +/- 0.43 mg/ml and the cord blood level at the time of delivery was 0.33 mg/ml (cord blood/maternal level ratio = 0.36, r = 0.73, p less than 0.05). These results indicate that disopyramide should not be used in pregnancy for antiarrhythmic purposes because it may induce uterine contractions and delivery.

Adult↗