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Biomedical subjects

M Gagliardi

Publications and source records attributed to M Gagliardi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Bell's palsy and stapedial reflex.

In Bell's palsy the stapedial reflex may be affected or not. The object of this paper was to study the evolution of the stapedial reflex and its latency pattern during the first weeks of paralysis and to correlate these parameters with the evolution of the disease. One hundred and thirty-three patients with Bell's palsy were evaluated, and the patients could be divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was composed of subjects in whom the stapedial reflex was present in the first week of paralysis and complete recovery of facial function occurred in 30-60 days. In group 2 the stapedial reflex reappeared between the eighth and thirty-fifth days post-onset and facial function recovered within 150 days. In group 3, the stapedial reflex reappeared between the thirty-sixth and seventieth day and some paralysis was still present after 1 year. These results suggest that the reflex is important for prognostic purposes.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1983

Functional rhinopharyngotubal study on patients affected with cystic fibrosis.

The authors carried out many functional tests on the naso-pharyngo-tubal district in a group of patients affected with cystic fibrosis. The research has included: a clinical otolaryngological examination, Rx study of the paranasal sinuses, rhinomanometric study, mucocialiary nasal test, valuation of the tubal function and impedentiometry. The results have shown a poor correlation between the pathology of the nasal fossae and functionality of the Eustachian tube and middle ear. In order to verify the reliability of the data obtained, the same functional tests have been carried out on a control group of patients suffering from nasal atopy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Analgesic effect of peridural labetalol in the treatment of cancer pain.

Labetalol is an alpha- and beta-blocking agent commonly used in anti-hypertensive therapy. Because of its beta-blocking and local anesthetic effect, labetalol via peridural catheter was supposed to reduce pain in patients suffering from gynecologic cancers. Thirty patients with terminal carcinomas (breast, uterus, ovary), whose pain was caused either by bone metastases or by primary invasion cancer, were treated. Peridural catheters were inserted and fixed at various levels, thoracic or lumbar, and 50 mg labetalol was injected every 4 h at the beginning and every 12-24 h on the following 2-3 days. The analgesia started immediately during the injection. No sensitive damage or neurovegetative block appeared. In 40% of the patients the catheter was removed after a 3-day treatment because of the definitive suppression of pain. Other analgesics were not required during the treatment; no tolerance to the drug was developed. The peridural catheter remained in situ for an average period of 4-30 days. Afterward it was possible to treat more cases as outpatients depending on their general conditions and with the help of their family doctors. After a few days of therapy, almost all the patients reported a burning pain at the site of the injection; this problem was easily resolved by prior injection of a 4-mg dose of betamethasone.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1980

A retrospective study of audiological function in a group of congenital hypothyroid patients.

A retrospective survey has been carried out on audiological function in 46 congenital hypothyroid cases; mental and physical development were also assessed, as well as the adequacy of substitutive therapy. Using traditional audiometry it was found that 50% of the congenital hypothyroid patients were hypocusic. Severe and profound hearing loss (5 cases) was found in the group of hypothyroid patients with dyshormonogenesis, whereas only one-third of patients with thyroid agenesis presented a mild or moderate hearing loss not related to the time of diagnosis and treatment. The hearing loss was twice as frequent in the patients with clinical hypothyroidism. Using electrophysiological techniques, the early or slow potentials were comparable between hypocusic or normocusic patients; however a longer latency of the slow vertex responses was observed in the hypothyroid group as compared to the normal population. The mean estimated I.Q. was about 2 standard deviations below the average; however 30% of subjects had normal or above normal intellectual level, this percentage rises to 55% if only patients below 16 years are considered. The height was significantly shorter only in the late treated patients (1 year). No correlations were found among audiological and psychological variables, nor between these variables and height. All patients were on desiccated thyroid, but therapy was inadequate in 26% of cases and subclinical hypothyroidism was found in 33% of cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1970

Invasiveness of salmonella administered orally to cold-exposed mice.

Susceptibility to enteric infection with Salmonella was studied in mice housed at different temperatures. The oral doses of S. typhimurium SR-11 and RIA, which caused 50% mortality in animals at 10 C, were about 1/30 and 1/100 of the respective values at 23 C, and that of an avirulent strain of S. enteritidis was also lower in the cold-exposed mice. The frequency of mortality due to Salmonella infection was essentially the same in mice exposed to 34 to 23 C. The divergent responses in the cold and heat probably stem from basic differences in the physiological changes mediated by the two extremes. The pattern and extent of change in weight and rectal temperature were the same among infected mice housed at 10 and 23 C and controls at 10 C, but differed from controls at 23 C. The incidence of Salmonella in samples of liver-spleen, lung, colon, blood, or feces was similar among infected mice housed at 10 and 23 C during a 14-day period of observation. The increased frequency of mortality in cold-exposed infected animals is not due to alterations in invasiveness of the bacteria nor to greater impairment of the thermoregulatory capacity of the mice. It may be attributable, in part at least, to a greater effectiveness of Salmonella toxins as metabolic poisons at low temperatures.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emergencies in the school setting: are public school teachers adequately trained to respond?

INTRODUCTION: This study attempted to determine the extent of training and emergency care knowledge of public school teachers in midwestern states. A secondary purpose was to assess the frequency of injury and illness in the school setting requiring the teacher to first-respond. METHOD: A questionnaire and 14-item, scenario-based, emergency medical care test was developed and pretested. A discrimination index was used for validation of the instrument and a reliability coefficient of .82 was computed using the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20. A randomly recruited group of public school nurses from Arkansas, Kansas, and Missouri administered the instrument to 334 teachers who had no prior knowledge of the test. A random telephone survey of local school patrons also was completed to determine parental assumptions and expectations for emergency care and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in teachers. RESULTS: One-third (112 teachers) had no specific training in first-aid and 40% never had been trained in CPR. However, most (87%) of the respondents strongly agreed that emergency care training should be required in teacher preparation programs. Eighteen percent of the teachers responded to more than 20 injured or ill students annually, and 17% reported that they had encountered at least one life-threatening emergency in a student during their career. The average score for all respondents on the emergency care test was 58% (chi 2 = 8.12 +/- 2.42). Those with prior first-aid training averaged 60.5% (chi 2 = 8.47 +/- 2.32). Significant deficiencies were noted for recognition and appropriate treatment of student emergencies involving basic life support (BLS) and airway interventions, diabetic emergencies, and treatment of profuse bleeding. Forty of the 50 (80%) parents surveyed assumed that all teachers were adequately trained in first-aid and CPR. CONCLUSION: Public school teachers represent a potentially effective first-response component during disasters and isolated emergencies in the school environment. Overall, most of public school teachers in this study were deficient in both training and knowledge of emergency care and BLS modalities. Lack of effective, formal emergency care training in teacher preparation programs coupled with no continuing education requirement is a possible explanation of these results. Emergency medical services providers should seek opportunities to help with first-responder training and continuing education in their schools.

Arkansas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Longitudinal comparison of methods of auditory evoked potentials in defined multiple sclerosis].

The object of the present paper was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ABR using ipsilateral masking in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. Fourteen patients were examined. Each patient with normal audiogram underwent two ABR recording sessions during a follow-up period of thirty months. The ABRs were recorded under two experimental conditions applying standard testing procedures and ipsilateral masking, respectively. In 5 patients magnetic resonance imaging was also available. The findings were compared with a control group, composed of 20 normal subjects. Standard ABR testing gave evidence of a pathological value in 50% of the cases while the ABRs proved to be altered in 64% under ipsilateral masking. The outcomes were less favourable than those obtained with somatosensory or visually evoked potentials. The conclusions drawn confirm the importance of ABR in the follow-up of multiple sclerosis. On the other hand, ipsilateral masking does not appear to provide any significant advantages due to poor amelioration of sensitivity and doubtful specificity of the observed alterations.

Adolescent↗