Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M G Young.
Two new 7-formamidocephalosporins have been isolated as their acetyl derivatives (SQ 28,516 and SQ 28,517) from fermentations of a Flavobacterium sp. SC 12,154. Structure 1 was deduced for SQ 28,516 from its spectroscopic properties while structure 2 was proposed for SQ 28,517. SQ 28,516 exhibits weak antibacterial activity.
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The synthesis and in vitro structure-activity relationship of 7-ureidoacetyl cephalosporins carrying various substituents in the 3-position, compounds that showed an enhanced broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, has been outlined. Contrary to most of the previous observations with diastereomeric isomers of cephalosporins, it has been found that the L-side chain isomers also are very potent antibiotics and are even more active inhibitors of certain beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria than the corresponding D-side chain isomers. SQ 69,613, 7beta-[[L-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-2-furanylacetyl]amino]-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) thio]methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, sodium salt, the most active compound tested, except for activity against staphylococci, was as active in vitro as cefamandole.
The synthesis and antibacterial activity in vitro of 7-methoxylated cephalosporins having a thienylureidoacetyl or a thienylglycyl C-7 side-chain are described. Acylation of 7 beta-amino-7-methoxycephems with a novel 2-aminooxazolone hydrochloride under neutral conditions gave the thienylureidoacetyl derivatives in good yield with retention of configuration. 7 beta-[[D-[(Aminocarbonyl)amino]-2-thienylacetyl]amino]-7-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio] methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid sodium salt (SQ 14,359) was found to have a broad-spectrum of antibacterial activity in vitro, particularly against beta-lactamase-producing organisms.
Bone marrow from healthy, normal volunteers and patients with acute myelocytic leukemia was cultured in diffusion chambers implanted into cyclophosphamide pretreated mice. Chambers were removed at regularly scheduled intervals over a period of 28 days. Total and differential cell counts were then done on the contents of each chamber. Normal human bone marrow showed an orderly pattern of growth and differentiation which was not found with leukemic bone marrow. Monocytes and macrophages were the predominant cell types in the diffusion chambers filled with normal marrow after day 10 of culture. Although leukemic specimens showed predominantly leukemic cells, a few mature polymorphonuclear leukocytes could be found throughout the entire culture period. Questions about the nature of the defect in acute myelocytic leukemia and the significance of the in vivo culture system are discussed. The results of these studies are compared and contrasted with studies of a similar type.
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This anonymous postal survey explored attitudes and experiences concerning end-of-life decisions. Respondents were English-speaking members of the Canadian Association for Nurses in AIDS Care (CANAC) and other nurses identified as working primarily in HIV/AIDS settings. Seventy-three percent believed that the law should be changed to allow physicians to practice voluntary euthanasia (VE) and assisted suicide (AS). Fifty-three percent indicated that nurses should be allowed to practice VE and AS. Although VE and AS are illegal, fewer than one in five nurses would report a colleague whom they knew to be involved in such acts. More than one in five nurses have received requests from patients to hasten their deaths by VE. Nearly 98% believe that the nursing profession should be involved in policy development concerning VE and AS, and nearly 78% believe that nurses should be involved in the decision-making process with patients if such acts were legal. Given that ethical codes for Canadian nurses promote client self-determination and that nurses are the largest group of care providers for the terminally ill, the profession must promote discussion and research if it is to take a leadership role with respect to end-of-life issues.