Oral stereognosis and diadokokinetic tests in children and young adults.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
M G Jones
Publications and source records attributed to M G Jones.
The isotype and specificity of antiglobulins in BALB/c mice.
Antiglobulin activity was detected in the IgM class and the IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b subclasses in normal and unstimulated BALB/c mice. There was an age related increase in their IgM antiglobulin, but this increase was not observed with IgG antiglobulin. Antiglobulin production could be induced by polyclonal activation of BALB/c mice with lipopolysaccharide, but this produces an increase in IgM antiglobulin only. IgM antiglobulin binding with mouse IgG1 and human IgG peaked on day 4 following lipopolysaccharide, whereas IgM antiglobulin binding with mouse IgG2a peaked around day 7. There was no IgM response with specificity for binding to mouse IgG2b. The level of IgG antiglobulin remained constant following polyclonal activation of BALB/c mice with lipopolysaccharide. Interestingly IgG antiglobulin binds preferentially with isologous IgG compared with heterologous IgG. Possible physiological roles have been discussed for the presence of these rheumatoid factors in normal mice.
Aging↗
Prolongation of life in female NZB/NZW (F1) hybrid mice by cyclosporin A.
Oral administration of cyclosporin A (Cy A), an immunosuppressive agent, prolonged the life span of female NZB/NZW (F1) hybrid mice (NZB/W). The most prominent feature of this study was the reduction of glomerular proliferation, proteinurea, and delay of renal failure. Protection from renal damage, in treated mice, occurred despite similar degrees of perivascular cellular infiltration in the kidney and other organs, and glomerular deposition of immunoglobulin and complement. Treatment did not influence the hypergammaglobulinaemia, high levels of circulating immune complexes and later development of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia typically associated with this murine disease. The levels of antibodies to double stranded DNA (dsDNA), an important disease marker, and the response to sheep red blood cells were reduced in the Cy A treated mice, in contrast with the untreated mice. Levels of rheumatoid factors were increased in Cy A treated mice, when compared with untreated mice, and this could play a role in prolongation of life associated with protection from glomerular damage, although it was considered that inhibitory effects on T cell function were a more likely mechanism.
Animals↗
A re-examination of the reactions of cyanide with cytochrome c oxidase.
Experiments were performed to examine the cyanide-binding properties of resting and pulsed cytochrome c oxidase in both their stable and transient turnover states. Inhibition of the oxidation of ferrocytochrome c was monitored as a function of cyanide concentration. Cyanide binding to partially reduced forms produced by mixing cytochrome c oxidase with sodium dithionite was also examined. A model is presented that accounts fully for cyanide inhibition of the enzyme, the essential feature of which is the rapid, tight, binding of cyanide to transient, partially reduced, forms of the enzyme populated during turnover. Computer fitting of the experimentally obtained data to the kinetic predictions given by this model indicate that the cyanide-sensitive form of the enzyme binds the ligand with combination constants in excess of 10(6) M-1 X s-1 and with KD values of 50 nM or less. Kinetic difference spectra indicate that cyanide binds to oxidized cytochrome a33+ and that this occurs rapidly only when cytochrome a and CuA are reduced.
Cyanides↗
The phospholipids associated with cytochrome c oxidase isolated from beef, dogfish and cod heart.
Beef (Bos taurus), dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and cod (Gadus morhua) heart submitochondrial particles and cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) were prepared. The head groups and side chains of the phospholipids associated with these samples were analysed quantitatively. The fish phospholipids contained a higher proportion of long chain poly-unsaturated fatty acids than was found in the beef samples. The enzyme fraction showed no head group or fatty acyl chain preference when compared with the composition of the whole tissue, implying no special lipid requirement for enzyme activity other than membrane fluidity. No cardiolipin was associated with the dogfish oxidase. The cod oxidase was inseparable from a CO-binding "b-type" cytochrome.
Animals↗
An active cytochrome c oxidase that has no tightly bound cardiolipin.
Bovine and dogfish (Squalus acanthias) heart submitochondrial particles and cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) were prepared. Biphasic Eadie--Hofstee plots from steady-state polarographic assays were obtained for both species. Phospholipid analyses indicated that cardiolipin was absent from this active dogfish enzyme.
Animals↗
Reactions of cytochrome c oxidase with sodium dithionite.
The reduction of cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) by dithionite was investigated by stopped-flow spectrophotometry and flow-flash techniques in the presence of CO. Of the two haem groups present in the enzyme, that associated with cytochrome alpha is the first reduced. The second-order rate constants for reduction of a number of redox proteins (cytochrome c, stellacyanin and azurin) by the S2O4(2-) and SO2.- anions are reported, and the values are compared with those determined for cytochrome c oxidase. These results are discussed in terms of the accessibility and charge distribution of the electron-entry site of cytochrome c oxidase.
Dithionite↗
Anti-globulins and circulating complexes in early rheumatoid arthritis.
The importance of immunological parameters such as anti-globulins, anti-RANA and circulating immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been studied by examining patients with early disease who are attending general practitioner clinics with joint pains for the first time. Anti-RANA, and IgG and IgM anti-globulins were detectable in the serum at the earliest time we were able to examine the patients. The anti-globulins had specificity for both rabbit and human IgG from the outset. Immune complexes were similarly raised in early disease. From these patients with early joint pains we were able to predict, by means of multivariant discriminant analysis of the laboratory data obtained from the first serum sample, between those who would develop into patients with classical or definite RA at 1 year and those who would have non-inflammatory joint disease.
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
Autoimmune haemolytic disease in mice after exposure to a methylating carcinogen.
N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) but not methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) induced both autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and thymic lymphoma in susceptible strains of mice, particularly the C57BL/6. These effects could be positively correlated with the formation of O6-methylguanine in target DNA. All murine lymphoid cells showed lack of ability to remove O6-methylguanine from their DNA, therefore the variation of responses between different mouse strains indicated that other host factors, probably genetic, must be involved. The results do indicate however that a potent pre-mutagenic DNA base modification can initiate the events leading to autoimmune disease in susceptible mice.
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
An electrophoretic study of enzymes as a tool in the taxonomy of the dermatophytes.
Zymogram patterns from 84 strains of dermatophyte fungi were obtained using polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis of total cell protein extracts. The enzymes investigated were alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, tetrazolium oxidase and catalase. These patterns were used to construct similarity matrices and dendrograms using computerized techniques. The results showed that zymograms allowed some species to be readily recognized despite morphological variation. This was also seen in the dendrograms where, in addition, groupings based on ecological or sexual criteria could be distinguished.
Arthrodermataceae↗
Effect of Photoperiod on Metabolism of [H] Gibberellins A(1), 3-epi-A(1), and A(20) in Agrostemma githago L.
To determine whether daylength influences the rate of metabolism of gibberellins (GAs) in the long-day (LD) rosette plant Agrostemma githago L., [(3)H]GA(20) and [(3)H]GA(1) were applied under short day (SD) and LD. Both were metabolized faster under LD than under SD. [(3)H]GA(20) was metabolized to a compound chromatographically identical to 3-epi-GA(1). [(3)H]GA(1) was metabolized to two acidic compounds, the major metabolite having chromatographic properties similar to, but not identical with GA(8). [(3)H]3-epi-GA(1) applied to plants under LD was metabolized much more slowly than was [(3)H]GA(1), and formed a very polar metabolite which did not partition into ethyl acetate at pH 2.5. Very polar metabolites were also formed after the feeds of [(3)H]GA(20) and [(3)H]GA(1). It was not possible to characterize these very polar compounds further because of their apparent instability. The results obtained suggest that in Agrostemma GA(20) is the precursor of 3-epi-GA(1), but there is at present no evidence indicating the precursor of GA(1).
Journal Article↗
Clinical correlates of midline spikes. An analysis of 21 patients.
Twenty-one children had interictal EEGs showing spikes located at the Fz, Cz, and Pz electrodes; their EEGs were compared with those of age-matched children referred to our laboratory (group 1, 63 children) and children with C3 and C4 spikes (group 2, 41 children). Midline spikes correlated well with a history of seizures (91% vs 73% in group 1 and 76% in group 2) and neurologic abnormality (38% vs 29% in group 1 and 22% in group 2). No patient had progressive neurologic disease or brain tumor. There are two different possible mechanisms in the genesis of midline spikes. In the majority of children, midline spikes may represent generalized epileptiform abnormalities; in a small subgroup, they may be analogous to C3 and C4 spikes and be generated by a cortical epileptogenic focus.
Child↗
Alpha-pattern coma in a 2-month-old child.
A 2-month-old infant is described in whom the electroencephalographic finding of alpha-frequency activity was correlated with a clinical state of unresponsiveness. This condition occurred following a period of hypoxia and was similar to alpha-patter coma in adults. The finding of alpha-pattern coma in a young infant suggests that alpha-frequency activity in comatose states in abnormally generated since alpha-frequency activity normally is not found in this age group.
Alpha Rhythm↗
A study of fatty acids as a taxonomic tool for dermatophyte fungi.
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Arthrodermataceae↗
Fractionation of gibberellins in plant extracts by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography.
In studies on endogenous plant gibberellins (GAs), reverse phase (Bondapak C(18)) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has proved to be a useful method for the fractionation of plant extracts. The behavior of 18 authentic GAs in such a chromatographic system is described. The main factors determining chromatographic behavior are the degree and the position of hydroxylation of the GA. Generally, dihydroxylated GAs elute before monohydroxylated GAs, whereas 13-hydroxylated GAs elute before 3-hydroxylated GAs. The number of carboxyl groups and the degree of saturation of the A-ring have little effect. For 20-carbon GAs, the oxidation state at C-20 is only relevant insofar as GAs having a methyl group at this position elute later than those with other groups (lactone, aldehyde, or carboxyl).As an illustration of the use of reverse phase HPLC, the endogenous GAs of immature seeds of Pharbitis nil L., strain "Violet," were reinvestigated. The presence of gibberellins A(3), A(5), A(17), A(20), and A(29) was confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, two other GAs, A(19) and A(44), were also identified in extracts of this material.
Journal Article↗
Effects on milk production associated with consumption of decorticated extracted groundnut meal contaminated with aflatoxin.
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Aflatoxins↗
The Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire: a validity study.
The MHQ is a brief self-rating inventory purporting to measure aspects of six distinct categories of psychoneurosis and affective status. It has been found to be a reliable instrument and also valid as a profile measure. Two individual scales have also previously been explored in respect of validity. The present report describes a further attempt to examine the validity of individual scales in relation to pertinent single clinical diagnostic entities in a study involving 800 patients. The phobic and obsessional scales are found to be particularly accurate and differentiating in this respect. Patients variously diagnosed as suffering from anxiety states, depressive states and personality disorder tend to score very highly on several scales. The instrument serves overall to distinguish satisfactorily between such populations and others suffering from schizophrenia and anorexia nervosa. It also markedly differentiates them from 'normal' populations.
Anorexia Nervosa↗
Cytokinesis in Impatiens balsamina and the effect of caffeine.
A description of cytokinesis in cells of roots of Impatiens balsamina is given, and the effect of caffeine on this process. The disposition of organelles, microtubules and vesicles which form the new cell plate is similar in normal and caffeine treated roots. In sections cut in the plane of the developing cell plate, membranous arms radiating from common centres appear to play an important role in promoting efficient fusion of the vesicles, and caffeine reduces their occurrence. The possible presence of callose in the newly formed cell plate, and the formation of plasmodesmata, are discussed. Mechanisms of membrane fusion and effects of caffeine on this event are also considered.
Caffeine↗