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Biomedical subjects

M Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to M Fukuda.

At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Immunological study of ovarian inhibin.

Antisera to purified porcine follicular fluid inhibin of 32 K protein (pFF 32 K inhibin) were raised in rabbits. Increasing doses of an antiserum with high titer could neutralize the maximal suppression of FSH secretion caused by 10 ng of pFF 32 K inhibin from rat anterior pituitary cells in culture. A radioimmunoassay was developed using the antiserum and 125I-labelled pFF 32 K inhibin. Specificity of the antiserum was examined by comparing immunological and biological potencies of various inhibin preparations. Cross-reactivity tests revealed that the antiserum almost recognizes rat ovarian inhibin preparations. The antiserum also recognizes purified bovine follicular fluid inhibin of 32 K protein (bFF 32 K inhibin), but with a cross-reactivity of approximately 20%. Cross-reactivity of human follicular fluid to the antiserum was less than 10%. The antiserum also recognizes inhibin forms of higher molecular weights, 100 K, 80 K, and 55 K proteins, which have previously been identified by gel filtration or SDS-PAGE of crude pFF inhibin preparations under protein-dissociation conditions, indicating that these inhibin forms have common or closely related immunodetermining sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Serum Erythropoietin levels and inhibitors of erythropoiesis in patients with chronic renal failure.

The role of various factors in erythropoiesis was studied in 13 predialysis patients and 41 hemodialysis patients. Serum erythropoietin (ESF) was measured by the fetal mouse liver cell bioassay in vitro. The effect of uremic sera on heme synthesis and erythroid progenitor cell (CFU-E) formation was examined using normal human bone marrow cultures. Serum ESF levels in both predialysis (99.9 +/- 45.0 mU/ml) and dialysis (141.2 +/- 109.7 mU/ml) patients were significantly higher than those in normal controls (42.0 +/- 25.8 mU/ml), although the titers were not sufficiently increased to correct the anemia. Serum ESF concentrations did not correlate with hemoglobin level or inhibition of both heme synthesis and CFU-E formation. Bone marrow CFU-Es in uremic patients were normal in the number, the responsiveness to ESF and the percentage in S-phase. Significant decrease in heme synthesis was observed in dialysis patients. The degree of inhibition of CFU-E formation showed a relationship to hemoglobin levels in uremic patients. By the CFU-E formation assay, the difference in inhibitory effects of the sera obtained from dialysis patients immediately before and after a hemodialysis was significant only under a low ESF concentration (0.125 U/ml) but not under a high concentration (1.0 U/ml). In conclusion, inhibition of heme synthesis and CFU-E formation, in addition to inadequate ESF production, plays an important role in renal anemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Growth and function of the placenta--with special reference to various enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of steroids in the human placenta.

To study the function of the placenta from the viewpoint of placental aging, we measured the activity of various enzymes, sulfatase, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase + isomerase (3 beta-HSD) and aromatizing enzyme, which are involved in the synthesis of estrogen in the placenta, as well as placental RNA and DNA levels during gestation. Our results are as follow; Enzymes involved in estrogen synthesis in human placental villi. Sulfatase activity (n mole/flask/10 min) in each trimester was not significantly different (4.10 +/- 0.10 in the first, 3.40 +/- 0.49 in the second and 4.33 +/- 0.67 in the third). 3 beta-HSD activity (n mole/flask/10 min) in each trimester was not significantly different (2.57 +/- 0.55 in the first, 2.70 +/- 0.30 in the second and 2.90 +/- 0.53 in the third). Aromatizing enzyme activity (n mole/flask/30 min) in cytosome fraction in each trimester was not significantly different (1.80 +/- 0.28 in the first, 1.60 +/- 0.28 in the second and 2.40 +/- 0.28 in the third). However, in the total homogenate, it was significantly higher in the third trimester (6.27 +/- 0.25) than in the first (3.83 +/- 0.85) or second (3.40 +/- 0.14). RNA and DNA concentrations in human placental villi. The RNA concentration (mg/g tissue) in each trimester was insignificantly different (2.48 +/- 0.20 in the first, 2.57 +/- 0.58 in the second and 2.63 +/- 0.42 in the third). However, the DNA concentration was significantly higher in the second (2.49 +/- 0.34) and third (2.42 +/- 0.45) trimesters than in the first (1.62 +/- 0.32).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1986

[High-resolution ultrasonography in cancer diagnosis--advances and indication of intraluminal sonography].

The present communication deals with recent developments in endoscopic sonography with special reference to the diagnosis of cancer of the upper abdominal organs. Examinations were carried out by an endoscope with a mechanical radial scanner, an Olympus GF UM1 and UM2, LPS UM1. Confirmed diagnostic applications are staging of esophageal and gastric cancer, diagnosis of submucosal tumors of the G.I. tract and differentiation between benign and malignant ulcer of the mucosa. The method also has excellent diagnostic application to malignancies involving organs adjacent to the G.I. tract, such as the mediastinum, retroperitoneum including the pancreas and adrenals, and the left lobe of the liver. Laparoscopic sonography, another endoscope-guided sonography involving the sonolaparoscope, revealed excellent ability to visualize and discriminate between benign and malignant small tumors in the liver and also the gallbladder and pancreas. The method is extremely helpful when surgical intervention is considered. Detection rate of hepatocellular cancer reached almost 90% of cases examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Leukosialin, a major sialoglycoprotein on human leukocytes as differentiation antigens.

Most blood cells derived from the bone-marrow are known to possess only a limited number of heavily sialylated glycoproteins. We have recently isolated a major sialoglycoprotein on leukocytes and found that this glycoprotein, termed leukosialin, is ubiquitously present on various human leukocytes, granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages and T- and B-lymphocytes. Our studies showed that leukosialin is significantly glycosylated by O-linked oligosaccharides (90 chains/molecule). The structures of those O-linked oligosaccharides are characteristic to each cell lineage and maturation stage. The polypeptide portion of these molecules are, however, apparently the same, with a molecular size of 52 KDa. So it will be interesting to explore the possibility that leukosialin expresses different functions by having different O-glycosylation in a variety of hematopoietic cells.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1986

DNA ploidy patterns of minute carcinomas in the stomach.

DNA ploidy patterns of minute carcinomas in the stomach were determined by cytofluorometric measurement, using paraffin sections which had been prepared for histological examination. The examples studied were 19 minute carcinomas less than 5 mm in diameter, of which 12 were adenocarcinomas, and 7 were signet ring cell carcinomas. By measuring the fluorescence intensity of more than 30 mitotic nuclei, the DNA ploidy pattern of each tumor was determined. The control diploid DNA content was obtained by measuring the fluorescence intensity of non-cancerous mitoses in the gastric mucosa. In the present study, heteroploidy was seen in 5 carcinomas; 4 adenocarcinomas and one signet ring cell carcinoma. The remaining 14 carcinomas were composed of a diploid stem cell line. In 3 adenocarcinomas, polyploid cells were seen. The occurrence of heteroploidy in the minute cancers was similar to that found in advanced cancers, whereas polyploid cells appeared to occur less frequently in the minute cancers than in the advanced cancers.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Studies on improvement of pharmaceutical preparations prescribed in hospitals. IV. Dibekacin sulfate viscous solution for treatment of mouth and throat wounds.

For the purpose of preventing suppuration of wounds of the oral cavity and throat, we attempted to develop a viscous solution of dibekacin sulfate (DKB) as a suitable medication. Solutions of different viscosity and antibacterial potency were prepared by mixing DKB, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), and water in varying proportions. Studies were then performed to ascertain relationships between the concentration of CMC-Na pH and viscosity, and between the viscosity and diffusion of DKB. The concentration of CMC-Na giving rise to optimal clinical efficacy was determined, and the concentration of DKB necessary for clinical treatment was estimated on the basis of the ionic binding constant between DKB and CMC-Na. As a result, the optimum CMC-Na concentration was found to be 2%, while the optimum DKB concentration was estimated to be 100 micrograms/ml.

Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium↗
PubMed1986

Studies on improvement of pharmaceutical preparations prescribed in hospitals. V. Nifedipine hollow type suppository.

Nifedipine is a calcium antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. However, commercial nifedipine preparations are only available in forms suitable for oral administration, e.g. soft capsules and tablets. Therefore, we developed a suppository form in which the drug was incorporated into a hollow type suppository. The suppository preparation was administered to humans for evaluation of the clinical and commercial usefulness. It was as fast-acting as the soft capsule, but the blood concentration of nifedipine immediately after administration was lower than that seen with the soft capsule. It was considered to be superior to the soft capsule and similar to the tablet in terms of its long-acting effect. Thus, the hollow type suppository form of nifedipine should have useful clinical applications.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Determination of urinary lysozyme for potential detection of tubular dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy.

Seeking to study whether measurement of lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) in urine by a reliable radioimmunoassay can provide a suitable index of renal tubular function and how lysozymuria develops in temporal relation to proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy, we have compared the urinary excretion of lysozyme and beta 2-microglobulin with the 15-min excretion rate of phenolsulfonphthalein in 39 patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes and investigated the temporal relation between the onset of lysozymuria and proteinuria in 15 patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. The concentrations of lysozyme and beta 2-microglobulin in urine increased in proportion to the decrease in the rate of excretion of phenolsulfonphthalein in these patients. The coefficient of correlation between lysozyme concentration and the 15-min excretion rate of phenolsulfonphthalein (r = -0.70) was higher than that between beta 2-microglobulin concentration and the 15-min excretion rate of phenolsulfonphthalein (r = -0.46). Abnormally high lysozymuria, suggesting the existence of tubular dysfunction, was demonstrated in six of the patients with Type 1 diabetes who showed no proteinuria or only a slight increase in urinary protein excretion. Lysozymuria may thus be added to a list of the indicators for diabetic nephropathy.

Adolescent↗