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Biomedical subjects

M Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to M Fukuda.

At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Experimental study of brain stem infarction in dogs--effect on BAEP, SSEP, blink reflex and EEG of perforator occlusion].

Assessment of the lesion in the brain stem by evoked potentials has not been well established. We have already developed a model of brain stem ischemia by occluding the perforators of the posterior cerebral arteries of the dog. The ischemic lesions locates mainly in the ventral side of the midbrain. Using this model, we assessed brain stem function by brain stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP), surface- and depth-recorded (in medial lemniscus) short latency somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP), blink reflex (BR) and electroencephalography (EEG), and investigated the correlation between the electrophysiological abnormalities and the lesion in the brain stem. The studies were performed for 6 hours after perforator occlusion. Furthermore, depth-recorded SSEP and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured under induced hypotension by withdrawal of arterial blood. BAEP did not change in 13 of 16 animals. Surface-recorded SSEP remained unchanged in all 6 animals. The results are probably due to the fact that the lesion does not involve the auditory and somatosensory pathways and the accompanying events such as edema does not affect the both pathways. Depth-recorded SSEP remained unchanged after occlusion and did not disappear even when rCBF fell below 10 ml/100 g/min. It may be suggested that the threshold for electrical failure in the brain stem is much lower than that in the cortex. In BR, R1 did not change but ipsilateral R2 became nearly invisible immediately after perforator occlusion in all animals. The fact that the ischemic lesion did not involve the pons and disturbed reticular formation in the midbrain may probably account for the remaining of R1 and the disappearance of ipsilateral R2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Studies on improvement of pharmaceutical preparations prescribed in hospitals. VI. Oxaprozin nasal spray.

Many nasal sprays used in the treatment of rhinitis contain a steroidal agent, giving rise to fear of side effects when they are used frequently and continually. Accordingly, we undertook the development of a nasal spray containing oxaprozin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Suitable discharge pressure and surfactants were determined by applying trial aerosols to human subjects in "feeling" tests to assess approval rating. Other tests showed that about 80% of the expelled oxaprozin was released into the nasal cavity, and that the chosen formulation caused only a low level of irritation to the nasal mucosa. Most of the aerosol particles were found to adhere to Kiesselbach's area and the frontal region of the inferior concha, which are the major areas where inflammation and nasal haemorrhage occur. When the nasal spray was administered to 50 patients, a sufficient therapeutic effect was achieved, especially in the treatment of nasal haemorrhage, and side effects have not yet been detected.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1988

[Endoscopic sonography in cancer diagnosis].

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is the method to investigate sonographically tissue architecture by intraluminal scanning using the endoscope mounted a mechanical or electronic scanning device. The method is very effective in visualizing GI tract as well as organs present in the vicinity of digestive hollow organs as high resolution sonographic images. The method can be applied also to investigate various intraperitoneal organs, especially the liver by means of sonolaparoscopy. The most obvious application of the method is the staging of malignant neoplasms of the GI tracts especially of the stomach, esophagus and rectum. EUS mostly reveals five layer structure as layers different in echogenicity and it is considerably accurate to assess extents of wall involvement in malignancy, ulceration and inflammation of the digestive tract. It is effective in differentiating between carcinoma and submucosal tumors simply by ultrasonic localizations of the tumor masses. Involvement of regional lymph-nodes can be assessed is fairly accurate thus giving precise indication in the treatment, either medical or surgical means. Agreements between EUS staging of gastric cancer and histopathological determination were considerably accurate over various stages of gastric cancer, however, the presence of concomitant ulceration sometimes caused slight over-reading on the side of EUS. Laparoscopic sonography has also proven a considerable accuracy over existing imaging methods in terms of differential diagnosis of minute liver masses. These results seem to support the view that EUS, which is only slightly invasive, has opened up new area in cancer diagnosis, especially in the diagnosis of deeply sitting neoplasms, in which other sophisticated imaging technique are not yet available.

Endoscopes↗
PubMed1988

[A central mechanism augments ventilation of the dependent lung on the lateral decubitus position].

Spontaneously increased ventilation of the dependent lung on the lateral decubitus position compensates for the gravitational shift of the pulmonary blood flow to this side. The present study indicates that the hemilateral predominant ventilation is centrally controlled, though it has previously been attributed to the peripheral mechanisms with simple changes in the mechanical properties between the two lungs. A series of chest roentgenograms taken at every 0.3 seconds during normal breathing in healthy 6 volunteers showed that the diaphragmatic movement was significantly larger on the dependent side (20.4 +/- 7.5 mm, M +/- SD) than on the other (12.1 +/- 4.4 mm). Thoracic or mediastinal movement was minimal on either side. Expired minute ventilation (VE), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)and airway occlusion pressure (P0.1) were measured on each of the lungs separated with an endobronchial tube in 14 subjects. At light levels of halothane anesthesia (0.2-0.4% in oxygen). VE of the dependent lung was larger than that of the nondependent lung by 56%. PIP and P0.1 were also larger on the dependent side by 61% and 36%, respectively. At deeper levels of anesthesia (halothane 1.4-2.2%), the predominant ventilation of the dependent lung was absent and VE, PIP or P0.1 no longer differed significantly between the lungs. Augmented P0.1 on the dependent side seemed to be essential to produce larger PIP and VE. It is considered that the more widely stretched diaphragm on the dependent side sends stronger muscle afferent signals to increase excitability of the phrenic neurons producing augmented inspiratory driving force.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Discrepancy of fasting plasma glucagon levels measured by different glucagon antisera.

To investigate the possible discrepancy between immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) levels measured by two glucagon-specific antisera, OAL-123 and 30K, fasting plasma IRG levels were measured in 30 diabetics (DM group), 56 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT group) and 96 normal subjects (normal group). The fasting plasma IRG measured by OAL-123 (OAL-IRG) in DM, IGT and normal groups were 121 +/- 53, 125 +/- 43 and 119 +/- 57 pg/ml, whereas the fasting plasma IRG measured by 30K (30K-IRG) were 109 +/- 92, 92 +/- 44 and 91 +/- 68 pg/ml, respectively. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the fasting IRG levels among DM, IGT and normal groups. Although there was a statistically significant correlation between OAL- and 30K-IRG, their correlation coefficient was as small as 0.29, and 31 of 182 cases showed a large discrepancy exceeding 100 pg/ml between the two IRG values. The OAL- and 30K-IRG measured again six months later did not show a significant change, where the first and second IRG levels showed a good correlation (0.72 and 0.83 for OAL- and 30K-IRG, both p less than 0.001). The gel chromatography of the 14 plasma with fasting OAL-IRG higher than 200 pg/ml showed that the main contributor to the fasting IRG was the component of big plasma glucagon (BPG). These data suggest that there is a significant discrepancy in the fasting plasma IRG levels measured by the different glucagon antisera and that the discrepancy is caused by the different immunoreactivity of BPG to the different glucagon antisera.

Blood Glucose↗