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Biomedical subjects

M Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to M Fukuda.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Detection of Epstein-Barr virus genome in natural-killer-like cell line, YT.

YT cells, originally reported as a natural-killer-like (NK-like) lymphoid cell line, were investigated for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome, gene rearrangement for T-cell receptor (TCR), phenotype and function. The YT cells of the original batch (YT-0) and two subclones (YT2C2 and YTC3) expressed EBV-associated nuclear antigen, and the BamHI-digested DNA showed the 3.4 kb hybridizing band with the BamHIW probe of EBV DNA in Southern blot analysis. When tested with latent-infection membrane protein probe, an identical hybridizing band was shared, indicating that all three sources of YT cells were of monoclonal derivation in terms of the terminal repeat junctional structure of EBV DNA, and that the original YT cells had been infected with EBV before the isolation of the two subclones. The cell-surface antigen analysis revealed the expression of CD7, CD28, CD30, CD45R0, TLiSA and S6F1 antigen besides the originally recorded CD25, CD56 and HLA-DR antigen. Gene rearrangement analysis showed the germ-line genotype, including TCR gamma and delta as well as beta chain. The Northern blot study using the CD3 epsilon and CD3 delta chain gene probes revealed CD3 epsilon, but not CD3 delta RNA. The YT-0 cells exhibited NK and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity, but the YT2C2 and YTC3 cells did not. It was not resolved whether the fresh neoplastic NK-like cells of the YT-cell donor carry EBV genome, but YT cells, the first lymphoid cell line found to have EBV genome and non-B lymphoid properties, are valuable for investigating the relationship between EBV and human non-B lymphoid hematopoietic cells.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1992

[The dynamics of melanin-affinitive and non-affinitive antibacterial agents in the iris-ciliary body of rabbit eyes--comparative studies in pigmented and albino rabbits].

The differences between the drug penetration levels in the iris-ciliary bodies of sparfloxacin (SPFX) and cefmenoxime (CMX), which respectively have high and low affinity to melanin, were examined using pigmented and albino rabbit eyes. Each drug was mixed with a homogenate of the iris-ciliary bodies of pigmented and albino rabbit eye, respectively. All CMX was distributed in a water soluble protein of the above homogenate of both pigmented and albino eyes, while all SPFX was detected from the water soluble protein of the tissue homogenate of the albino eye. However, in homogenate of the pigmented eyes, 60% of the drug was detected from water soluble protein and 20% of that was detected from water non-soluble protein. In the in vivo study, each drug was topically administered to pigmented and albino rabbit eyes. The SPFX concentration in the iris-ciliary body was significantly higher in the pigmented than in the albino eyes. The results indicated that the intraocular dynamics of the drug which has a high affinity to melanin showed significant differences between pigmented and albino rabbit eyes. This should be considered in studies of ocular pharmacology as an important factor which influences intraocular drug dynamics.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A novel class of nuclear RNA (nRNA) with a long life span as a gene repressor candidate.

Different systemic organs of fetal mice were continuously labelled with 5-3H-uridine during the organogenesis periods, and chased for various lengths of time after birth. In the autoradiographs made on paraffin-embedded sections of the organs taken after the chase for longer periods than 1 week, including a 12-months chase, specific labels were present exclusively in all the nuclei. The specific nuclear labels were resistant to RNase A or H digestion and to acid hydrolysis with 1 N HCl at 60 degrees C for 5 min, but were completely abolished by DNase digestion or prolonged acid hydrolysis for 10 min, the optimum condition for the Feulgen reaction to stain DNA. Electrophoretic analysis of the total nucleic acids extracted from the different organs chased for 3 or 12 months showed all the tritium radioactivity to be present in the DNA fraction before digestion with DNase or RNase A, and to be completely absent from the DNA fraction and shifted to the RNA fraction, or to be largely destroyed by degradation, after each digestion, respectively. By HPLC analysis of the total nucleic acid extract after further successive digestions with nuclease P1 and alkaline phosphatase into the constituent nucleotides, it was shown that all tritium activity was incorporated in uridine, without any detectable label in other nucleotides. By the simultaneous labeling of human peripheral lymphocytes at the late S-phase with 5-3H-uridine and BrdU, it was demonstrated that the autoradiographic labels, which, this time, were labile to RNase A digestion, were present in the G-bands of the spread chromosomes as identified by BrdU immunohistochemistry. The findings strongly indicate the presence of a novel class of nuclear RNA (nRNA). This type of RNA (a) may be localized in the nucleus in close association or hybridization with nuclear DNA, (b) have a life span as long as that of the cell, and (c) be duplicated in the late phase of DNA replication. The nRNA may play a fundamental role as gene repressor existing in the G-bands of metaphase chromosomes in the process of ontogeny and cytodifferentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Importance of acidic mucin secretions by foveolar and mucous neck cells of rat fundic mucosa as the defence mechanisms against HCl as revealed by fasting.

The localization of neutral mucin and acidic mucins in both control and fasted rat gastric fundic mucosa were examined by microscopic and electron microscopic histochemical methods. By Carnoy's fixation, the surface mucous coat of the control rat gastric fundic mucosa was found to be composed of alternating layers of acidic mucins and neutral mucin, indicating the synchronous and cyclic secretions of them. In many gastric pits of the fundic glands, the acidic mucins were found to spring out from the deep foveolar regions like volcanoes. This phenomenon may suggest that the acidic mucins play a fundamental role in protecting the pit cells against HCl during its passage, and the layers of neutral mucin and acidic mucins in the surface coat is the safeguard against the HCl and digestive enzymes in the gastric lumen. In the fasting rat gastric fundic mucosa, the acidity and the amount of the gastric juice were markedly decreased, indicating the suppressed secretions of mucins and HCl. The decreased production of sulfomucin was directly demonstrated by 35SO4-autoradiography. Many mucous neck cells existing in close association with the parietal cells were ballooned due to accumulation of alcian blue (AB)-positive but high iron-diamine (HID)-negative sialomucin, which was not demonstrable in the control. The secretory granules of sialomucin contained in the ballooned mucous neck cells were positively stained ultrastructurally with cacodylate-ferric colloid to stain acid mucopolysaccharides.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

[Two cases of Churg-Strauss syndrome with bilateral wide-spread pulmonary infiltrates].

We report two cases of Churg-Strauss syndrome. The first case was a 25-year-old woman with a one year history of bronchial asthma, who developed fever, skin eruptions, abdominal pain and mononeuritis multiplex. During treatment with prednisolone 40 mg per day, chest X-ray films showed bilateral wide-spread infiltrates. When the dosage of prednisolone was increased to 80 mg per day, these infiltrates disappeared. Skin and lung biopsy specimens demonstrated allergic vasculitis and eosinophilic pneumonia. There was no response to high-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy for persistent severe abdominal pain and mononeuritis multiplex. Pericardial and pleural effusions with eosinophilia recurred eight months later. The second case was a 31-year-old man with a six year history of bronchial asthma, who developed fever, skin eruptions, myalgia and mononeuritis multiplex. One year later, during treatment with prednisolone 15 mg per day, bronchial asthma with eosinophilia relapsed and chest X-ray films showed bilateral patchy infiltrates. Skin biopsy specimens demonstrated eosinophilic infiltrates and necrotizing vasculitis, while lung biopsy specimens demonstrated eosinophilic infiltrates and small granulomas. With additional administration of cyclophosphamide, he has had no evidence of active disease for six years. In both cases, the neurological symptoms persisted despite treatment with high doses of steroids, and during tapering of prednisolone, vasculitis syndrome relapsed. Therefore, long-term careful surveillance is necessary in this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies of the ultrastructure of the corneal endothelium in developing human eye].

The ultra-microstructure of the human corneal endothelium was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The samples were corneas of 26 human eyes taken from fetuses of 5-22 weeks gestation and a newborn 10 months after birth. Corneal endothelium appeared at the seventh or eighth week after gestation. Initially, they formed an irregular structure of two to three layers. From the 17th week of gestation they formed a single layer, and assumed the form of a cuboidal epithelium. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed numerous microvilli protruding towards the anterior chamber. Within the microvilli uniform microtubules were observed. By the 20th week, these microvilli disappeared, and subsequently, a single long narrow cilium appeared in the center of each cell. Each cilium had an axial filament complex structure. This cilium involuted as development progressed, and was barely visible by the 10th month after birth. The significance of this cilium is not clear.

Endothelium, Corneal↗
PubMed1992

[Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage: clinical availability of N20 component].

Short-latency Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEPs) were studied in 14 patients with putaminal hemorrhage and 17 patients with thalamic hemorrhage. After median nerve stimulation SSEPs were recorded from the electrodes placed on C3', C4' (2cm behind C3 or C4 of the internal 10-20 system respectively), and Cv7. (Reference was the linked ears.) Erb's potential was also recorded from the Erb's point using the contralateral one as the reference. The patients were classified into three groups according to central conduction time laterality index (CCT LI). CCT LI = (CCT on the affected side which is defined as the interpeak latency between N13 and N20)--(CCT on the non affected side). Group 1: CCT LI < or = 0.73 (it means within normal limit); Group 2: CCT LI > 0.73 (it means the significant latency delay of the N20 on the affected side); Group 3: CCT LI is not available (because the N20 was abolished on the affected side). We analyzed retrospectively the localization of the hematoma on CT scans, the degree of motor and sensory disturbance of the upper extremity in each group. Of the 14 patients with putaminal hemorrhage, 5 were in group 1; 3 were in group 2; 6 were in group 3. Patients in group 1 had a localized hematoma within the pallido-putamen complex. Patients in group 2 had a hematoma compressing the posterior limb of the internal capsule. Patients in group 3 had a hematoma involving the posterior limb of the internal capsule and had severer motor disturbance than those in group 1 or group 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Nd-YAG laser treatment for central airway lesions].

YAG laser treatment was conducted in 55 patients with central airway lesions over the last 8 years. The malignant lesions comprised 1 primary tracheal cancer, 1 chondroma of the trachea, 34 primary lung cancer, and 10 metastatic lung tumor. The benign lesions comprised one each of hamartoma, lipoma, bronchial lithiasis, post-tracheotomy granuloma, and bronchial web, and 3 other cases. Nd-YAG laser treatment was performed in 55 patients with airway lesions, with a success rate of 73%. The success rates in the above patients were 70% for primary lung cancer, 60% for metastatic lung tumor, 100% for primary tracheal cancer and chondroma of trachea, and 89% for benign lesions. In 34 patients with primary lung cancer, palliative widening of the airway was planned with the exception of 2 patients with endoscopically early lung cancer for whom curative vaporization was intended, 6 months-survival rate was 59.3% in patients in whom various combined treatments were performed after the laser treatment. For all patients with hamartoma or lipoma in those with benign lesions, curative vaporization was performed. The severe complication of lethal massive hemoptysis occurred in 3 patients. We consider that Nd-YAG laser treatment is a powerful therapeutic means of performing lifesaving or emergency, curative, and supplemental treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Prednisolone and aspirin therapy for habitual abortion associated with anti-cardiolipin antibody].

Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombocytopenia, thrombosis and/or abortion. Steroid and aspirin therapy has been reported useful for habitual abortion associated with APS. Eleven patients, whose prior pregnancies resulted in habitual abortion (41 abortions), were received a intentional prednisolone (40 mg/day) and aspirin (81 mg/day) therapy before further pregnancies and both agents were decreased gradually. We maintained prednisolone (10-15 mg/day) and aspirin (40.5 mg/day) during pregnancy period. After the treatment, the outcome of pregnancy was successful in 7 of 10 pregnancies. The weight of newborn infants ranged from 1980 to 2980 g and apgar score ranged from 4 to 9 points. No side effect was observed, and fetal malformation and/or adrenal insufficiency was not recognized in any infants. In conclusion, an intentional prednisolone plus aspirin therapy is useful to prevent habitual abortion in patient with APS.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1992

[The effects of intranasal application of low dose buserelin in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea].

Low doses of the Gn-RH agonist (buserelin, 30 micrograms) were given intranasally to 14 women with clomiphene ineffective hypothalamic amenorrhea three times daily for three weeks in order to study pituitary responses and to induce follicular maturation and ovulation. Clomiphene ineffective hypothalamic amenorrhea patients were classified into two groups by LH-RH stimulation test before the treatment. Group 1 was defined as having basal serum LH and FSH levels lower than 1.5 mIU/ml, LH and FSH peaks lower than 3mIU/ml by LH-RH stimulation test. Group 2 consisted of cases other than those in Group 1. While a significant increase in basal LH and FSH (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.001) and improvement in pituitary response to LH-RH stimulation test were observed in group 1, the basal levels of LH and FSH did not increase significantly and pituitary response to a LH-RH stimulation test was decreased in group 2. It is suggested that pituitary priming occurred in group 1 and pituitary desensitization occurred in group 2. None of 14 patients showed signs of follicular maturation during or after the treatment. The results demonstrated that the biphasic pituitary response to intranasal buserelin spray and the limit of its therapeutic use for the treatment of hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1992

[Treatment of aplastic anemia with antilymphocyte globulin, high-dose methylprednisolone and androgen].

Twenty-seven patients with aplastic anemia (20 severe: 7 moderate) were treated with combined immunosuppression consisting of antilymphocyte globulin (ALG: Ahlbulin, Green Cross Co., Osaka, Japan) and high-dose methylprednisolone. Danazol or meptiostane was administered concurrently for at least 3 months. Ten of 27 patients had sustained improvement in hematopoiesis within 3 months of treatment. Three patients with hematological response had a recurrence of pancytopenia 12-36 months after the combined immunosuppressive therapy. Six patients died due to fungal pneumonia (2), hepatic failure (2), interstitial pneumonitis (1) and complication following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (1). By life table analysis, the survival rate for all patients was 76 +/- 8% at 4 years, with 70 +/- 10% survival rate for patients with severe aplastic anemia and 100% for patients with moderate aplastic anemia. The factors predicting the good response to the therapy were a longer interval from diagnosis to the therapy and higher counts of platelet and reticulocyte at admission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[ICU syndrome].

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Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[A case of dissecting aneurysm of the basilar artery extended from the top of the basilar artery to the proximal part].

A rare case of the dissecting aneurysm of the basilar artery is reported. A 48-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of a sudden onset comatose state. An hour later he recovered consciousness with the residual disturbance of the vertical ocular movement. Computed tomogram on second day revealed low density lesions in the medial part of the bilateral thalamus, and the mesencephalic tegmentum and the cerebellar peduncle on the left side. Cerebral angiograms on the same day and 13th day showed a double lumen sign of the basilar artery and slight extension of the dissecting aneurysm, respectively. However, the cerebral angiogram 6 months after the onset revealed a little bit shrinkage of the aneurysm. The patient was treated conservatively and is in good condition with slight limitation of the downward gaze 10 months after the onset. We reviewed the clinical sign, cerebral angiogram, treatment and prognosis of the dissecting aneurysm of the basilar artery.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1992

[Measurement of functional residual capacity by sulfur hexafluoride washout].

An open circuit tracer gas washout method for measurement of functional residual capacity (FRC) during mechanical ventilation is described and tested. The system employed a piezo-valve for dispensing sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas, a fast response infrared SF6 analyzer, Servo 900-C ventilator and a computer. The piezo-valve unit delivers SF6 into the airway in proportion to instantaneous inspiratory flow so that inspiratory SF6 concentration was held constant regardless of the inspiratory flow pattern. The washin concentration was approximately 0.6% which was so low that the supply of other gases was hardly influenced. The amount of SF6 at the end of a washin was calculated during washout by signals of expired SF6 concentration and expired flow. The results obtained in model lungs were accurate and reproducible; mean difference (limits of agreements) was 14 +/- 48ml (M +/- 2SD) in the range between 0.5 and 3.0 liters. Comparison with helium dilution methods in 24 healthy subjects gave a regression equation: y = 0.98x + 56, r = 0.98. The mean difference of the values between the two methods was 21 +/- 142 ml (M +/- 2SD). The authors conclude that the system is quite useful in determining FRC of the patients under mechanical ventilation.

Functional Residual Capacity↗
PubMed1992

[Confusion lines in dichromatism using various surface colors].

Confusion lines, convergence points, and neutral points in dichromatism were examined using various surface colors. Confusion lines were obtained from 8 cases of protanopia and 24 cases of deuteranopia by color matching with the surface colors of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test, then regression analysis was carried out on the cross-points of all confusion lines obtained. Convergence points were obtained and neutral points were also calculated. The convergence point obtained from protanopia using surface colors converged to x = 0.811 and y = 0.189, which is a point near Pitt and Judd's convergence point. The confusion line gradient obtained from deuteranopia was steeper than that of Pitt and Judd's line. The convergence point of deuteranopia was x = 1.959 and y = -0.959. Compared with previous reports, it was in the lower right region. The neutral point of protanopia was in the vicinity of 495 nm and that of deuteranopia in the vicinity of 500 nm. These two values were almost the same as the values in Judd's report. Considering the results mentioned above, the neutral point obtained with surface colors was almost the same as that obtained with spectrum color. From the above results, the convergence point was thought to be different from that obtained using spectrum color. In particular, the difference was significant in deuteranopia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Expression of human glycophorin A in wild type and glycosylation-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells. Role of N- and O-linked glycosylation in cell surface expression.

Glycophorin A, the most abundant sialoglycoprotein on human red blood cells, carries several medically important blood group antigens. To study the role of glycosylation in surface expression and antigenicity of this highly glycosylated protein (1 N-linked and 15 O-linked oligosaccharides), glycophorin A cDNA (M-allele) was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Both wild type CHO cells and mutant CHO cells with well defined glycosylation defects were used. Glycophorin A was well expressed on the surface of transfected wild type CHO cells. On immunoblots, the CHO cells expressed monomer (approximately 38 kDa) and dimer forms of glycophorin A which co-migrated with human red blood cell glycophorin A. The transfected cells specifically expressed the M blood group antigen when tested with mouse monoclonal antibodies. Tunicamycin treatment of these CHO cells did not block surface expression of glycophorin A, indicating that, in the presence of normal O-linked glycosylation, the N-linked oligosaccharide is not required for surface expression. To study O-linked glycosylation, glycophorin A cDNA was transfected into the Lec 2, Lec 8, and ldlD glycosylation-deficient CHO cell lines. Glycophorin A with truncated O-linked oligosaccharides was well expressed on the surface of ldlD cells (cultured in the presence of N-acetylgalactosamine alone), Lec 2 cells, and Lec 8 cells with monomers of approximately 25 kDa, approximately 33 kDa, and approximately 25 kDa, respectively. In contrast, non-O-glycosylated glycophorin A (approximately 19-kDa monomers) was poorly expressed on the surface of ldlD cells cultured in the absence of both galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine. Thus, under these conditions, in the absence of O-linked glycosylation, the N-linked oligosaccharide itself is not able to support appropriate surface expression of glycophorin A in transfected CHO cells.

Animals↗