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Biomedical subjects

M Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to M Fukuda.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effects of colchicine on the induction of ornithine decarboxylase and its gene expression by the phorbol ester tumour promoter.

The activity and gene expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, an indicator of tumour promotion) were induced by the phorbol ester tumour promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), in mouse skin. In the present study, the effect of colchicine, a microtubule-disrupting agent, on ODC activity and its gene expression were investigated. On administration of colchicine (100 micrograms) intraperitoneally 1.5 h before TPA treatment, ODC activity and ODC mRNA levels stimulated by TPA were suppressed to about 52 and 64%, respectively. These results suggest the involvement of a microtubule or colchicine-sensitive substrate in the signal transduction system for gene expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effects of TJ-960 on Sternberg's paradigm results in epileptic patients.

OBJECTIVES: This study is aimed at investigating the effects of TJ-960 on cognitive function in epileptic patients. Sternberg's paradigm was used to examine the change in cognitive function, especially short-term memory, resulting from administration of TJ-960, along with the effects of the drug on seizures. SUBJECTS: The subjects of this investigation were 26 epileptic outpatients (14 males and 12 females; average age: 35 +/- 11 years old) of the Saitama Medical School Hospital, the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital and the Tokyo University Hospital. The controls were 17 other epileptic outpatients (12 males and 5 females; average age: 40 +/- 12 years old) of the same hospitals. METHODS: The subjects were administered 7.5 g of TJ-960 per day for 8 weeks in addition to their previous medications. Immediately before the beginning of drug administration, and again after 8 weeks of administration, they were examined, using Sternberg's paradigm. The controls were examined at intervals of 8 weeks in the same manner as the subjects (i.e., no change in regimen). RESULTS: After 8 weeks of treatment with TJ-960, 8 of the subjects exhibited a greater than 25% decrease in the number of seizures. Seventeen cases showed no change, and one case showed exacerbation. The correct reaction times for Sternberg's paradigm in the group administered TJ-960 were 955 +/- 307 ms at the time of the first examination and 881 +/- 277 ms at the time of the second, and those of the control group were 845 +/- 288 ms for the first examination and 829 +/- 269 ms for the second. As these figures show, the correct reaction time was significantly shortened between the first and second examinations in the TJ-960 group. No change was exhibited in the sample reaction time between the first and second examination in either group. The difference in alpha wave power of the occipital region before and after the TJ-960 administration was significantly greater in the patients who showed improvement in Sternberg's paradigm as compared to the patients who remained unchanged in Sternberg's paradigm. In addition, the results for the theta wave power were opposite to those of alpha waves. As mentioned above, TJ-960 was presumed to have the effect of improving the cognitive function in epileptic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Onset of depressive episodes in a woman with seasonal affective disorder of "spring type" coincident with atmospheric temperature, but not with sunshine duration.

This is a report on the clinical symptoms and the longitudinal course in a woman with seasonal affective disorder of "spring type." The woman experienced 10 atypical depressive episodes between the ages of 44 and 55. Nine of the 10 depressive episodes were confirmed by the medical chart, and were classified into three categories: two episodes with a psychological stressor, six episodes with the onset in February or March, and an episode starting in August. The onset of the six episodes did coincide with the time the atmospheric temperature rose to 8 degrees Centigrade in spring, but did not relate with the sunshine duration. These findings suggest that the change in atmospheric temperature played an important role in triggering off her depressive episodes.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Cloning and sequencing of a dehalogenase gene encoding an enzyme with hydrolase activity involved in the degradation of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane in Pseudomonas paucimobilis.

In Pseudomonas paucimobilis UT26, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH) is converted by two steps of dehydrochlorination to a chemically unstable intermediate, 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-1,4-cyclohexadiene (1,4-TCDN), which is then metabolized to 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol (2,5-DDOL) by two steps of hydrolytic dehalogenation via the chemically unstable intermediate 2,4,5-trichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-ol (2,4,5-DNOL). To clone a gene encoding the enzyme responsible for the conversion of the chemically unstable intermediates 1,4-TCDN and 2,4,5-DNOL, a genomic library of P. paucimobilis UT26 was constructed in Pseudomonas putida PpY101LA into which the linA gene had been introduced by Tn5. An 8-kb BglII fragment from one of the cosmid clones, which could convert gamma-HCH to 2,5-DDOL, was subcloned, and subsequent deletion analyses revealed that a ca. 1.1-kb region was responsible for the activity. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame (designated the linB gene) of 885 bp within the region. The deduced amino acid sequence of LinB showed significant similarity to hydrolytic dehalogenase, DhlA (D. B. Janssen, F. Pries, J. van der Ploeg, B. Kazemier, P. Terpstra, and B. Witholt, J. Bacteriol. 171:6791-6799, 1989). The protein product of the linB gene was 32 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Not only 1-chlorobutane but also 1-chlorodecane (C10) and 2-chlorobutane, which are poor substrates for other dehalogenases, were good substrates for LinB, suggesting that LinB may be a member of haloalkane dehalogenases with broad-range specificity for substrates.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Relationship between vitamin K dependent coagulation factors and anticoagulants (protein C and protein S) in neonatal vitamin K deficiency.

To determine the relationship between vitamin K dependent coagulation factors and natural anticoagulants, namely protein C and protein S, in various degrees of vitamin K deficiency, plasma values for clotting activity, protein induced by vitamin K absence (PIVKA-II), protein C antigen, gamma-carboxy protein C antigen, and protein S antigen including total and free fractions and activity of protein C were measured in 66 full term and healthy breast fed neonates who did not receive vitamin K supplement at birth. The 66 neonates were divided into a control group (17 cases) and a low group (49 cases) according to their values for clotting activity--that is, > or = 20% or < 20% during the first six days of life--and vitamin K was immediately given when the neonates showed values < 20%. In the low group clotting activity gamma-carboxy protein C, free protein S, and protein C activity was significantly decreased to a minimum on day 2 or 3, and increased in parallel after vitamin K administration. Furthermore, they were positively correlated with one another and inversely cor-correlated with the PIVKA-II concentrations. These findings suggest that simultaneous gamma-carboxylation of coagulation factors and proteins C and S acts to maintain both coagulation and anticoagulation activities in parallel at various concentrations of vitamin K. The breast milk intake in the group with low values of clotting activity was significantly lower than that in the control group during the first three days of life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1993

Transvaginal hysterosonography for differential diagnosis between submucous and intramural myoma.

Thirty-six patients with hypermenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and/or anemia were examined by transvaginal sonography (TVS) and by transvaginal hysterosonography using an endometrial balloon catheter and saline (TVHS). Those patients who showed distinct intramural myomas by TVS were excluded from this study. Of 36 patients, 22 were diagnosed with submucous myomas, 10 with intramural myomas, and 4 with endometrial polyps by TVS, but 20 patients were diagnosed as having submucous myomas, 12 patients intramural myomas, and 4 patients endometrial polyps by TVHS. The correlation between ultrasound findings and surgery (hysterectomy or hysteroscopy) indicated that there were 13 misdiagnoses (36%) by TVS and only one misdiagnosis (2.8%) by TVHS.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1993

Inhibition of cell proliferation by a unique lysophosphatidic acid, PHYLPA, isolated from Physarum polycephalum: signaling events of antiproliferative action by PHYLPA.

The unique Physarum lysophosphatidic acid, PHYLPA, having a cyclopropane in the fatty acid moiety and a cyclic phosphate at C-2 and C-3 positions of the glycerol, inhibited proliferation of human fibroblast cells, TIG-3 and TIG-7, which were cultured in a chemically defined (serum-free) medium. The cells at S- and M-phases proceeded to G2- and G1-phases, respectively, and most of cells were arrested at G1- or G2-phase during PHYLPA treatment. The growth was recovered when PHYLPA was removed from the medium. In the presence of serum, PHYLPA did not show obvious inhibitory effects, indicating the existence of a factor(s) which neutralizes the antiproliferative activity of PHYLPA. PHYLPA elicited an increase in 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in a biphasic fashion in fibroblast cells. It also elicited inositol phosphate accumulation, as well as a transient rise in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ ion.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Isolation and characterization of Tn5-induced mutants of Pseudomonas paucimobilis UT26 defective in gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane dehydrochlorinase (LinA).

Pseudomonas paucimobilis UT26 grows on gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH) as a sole source of carbon and energy. Tn5 mutation was introduced into UT26, and two kinds of mutants defective in gamma-HCH degradation were phenotypically isolated; one (UT64) completely lacked the activity to degrade gamma-HCH, while the other (UT61) retained a very low level of activity. Tagging and sequencing analysis showed that both mutants had a Tn5 insertion at the same site of the linA (gamma-HCH dehydrochlorinase encoding) gene. However, UT61 had an additional rearrangement, which could be the cause of its retaining a low level of activity. An in vitro complementation test with a crude extract from UT64 plus partially purified LinA protein showed that LinA was essential not only for the first-step reaction (gamma-HCH to gamma-pentachloro-cyclohexene; gamma-PCCH), but also for the second-step reaction (gamma-PCCH to compound B) of gamma-HCH degradation in UT26.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Appearance of a regenerating (reg) gene protein in pancreatic islets of remission BB/Wor//Tky rats.

Remission of diabetes, i.e. significant amelioration from absolute insulin-dependency, has been sometimes observed in diabetic BB/Wor//Tky rats which were treated with insulin. In remission BB/Wor//Tky rats, plasma glucose levels improved to near normal level and insulin content was also preserved as much as that between diabetic and non-diabetic rats. In this process, we hypothesized that autoimmune insulitis was suppressed and remaining islet B-cells was restored from severe destruction by recovering in number and/or function. While, recently, a novel regenerating (reg) gene, identified in the regenerating pancreatic islets of surgical models, is reported to be related to the replication of pancreatic B-cells in vitro. Based on these findings, we histologically investigated whether the reg protein could be actually expressed or not in the islets from remission BB/Wor//Tky rats. As expected, reg protein was observed in the islets from remission BB/Wor//Tky rats mainly in accordance with pancreatic B-cells. Thus, the present findings suggested that the regeneration of pancreatic B-cells represented by the expression of reg protein might be, at least in part, relevant to remission induced by insulin therapy in spontaneously occurring Type 1 diabetes in BB/Wor//Tky rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Expression of ras-P21 and ras gene alteration in pleomorphic adenomas.

The expression of ras-P21 protein and gene alteration of the K-ras gene were examined in 12 cases of pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland. The tumor cells in all 12 cases were strongly stained for ras-P21 protein by the indirect immunoperoxidase method, suggesting the enhanced expression of ras-P21 protein in pleomorphic adenomas. Analysis of the PCR products for the K-ras gene by temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) revealed that gene alterations such as point mutations occurred in 4 out of 12 pleomorphic adenoma tissues examined.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1993

[The effect on age for the relationship between hypertension and glucose intolerance].

Recently, high frequencies of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance have been reported in patients with hypertension. However, both blood pressure and glucose tolerance are influenced by age. To investigate the effect of age on the interaction between blood pressure and glucose tolerance, we analyzed blood pressure and glucose tolerance in otherwise healthy subjects (n = 576) who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and blood pressure measurement as a part of a healthy care program. The prevalence of DM and IGT were significantly higher in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group. When the subjects were divided into three groups according to their age (less than 50 years old, between 50 and 60 years old and more than 60 years old), the prevalence of glucose intolerance (DM or IGT) was significantly higher in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group in subjects under 50 years old, but not in subjects between 50 and 60 years old or over 60 years old. In the subjects classified as having normal glucose tolerance, the incremental area of glucose under the curve of 75g-OGTT was significantly higher in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group. These data suggest that hypertension is associated with glucose intolerance in Japanese population and that age significantly affects this interaction.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Differential immunohistochemical staining of cancerous cells with anti-single-stranded DNA antiserum in ordinary pathological paraffin section after DNA-denaturation by acid hydrolysis.

Based on the finding that the nuclear DNA of cancerous cells is much more unstable than that of non-cancerous cells, yielding a larger amount of single-stranded DNA by acid hydrolysis, we developed a new method of cancer cell detection in ordinary pathological sections by immunohistochemical staining with anti-single-stranded DNA antiserum after acid hydrolysis. Methylated bovine serum albumin was conjugated with heat-denatured calf thymus DNA and used as the antigen of single-stranded DNA, and white male rabbits were immunized with the antigen to obtain the polyclonal antiserum. Ordinary paraffin-embedded sections were prepared from the formalin-fixed biopsy specimens taken from 482 malignant tumors and 73 benign tumors of human epithelial and non-epithelial origins. Additional 82 biopsy specimens of borderline malignancy were also examined. The sections were immunohistochemically stained with the antiserum after RNase digestion and DNA denaturation by hydrolysis with 2 N HCl at 30 degrees C. The acid hydrolysis for 20-30 min was optimum for the specimens fixed with 10% buffered formalin at room temperature for 16-24 hrs, and all cancerous cells were specifically stained positive, in sharp contrast to the negative stainability of all non-cancerous cells including inflammatory cells. This new method gives us decisive help in making diagnosis of malignancy in daily pathological examination. The possibility of malignancy of borderline lesion was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Fluorescent staining of nucleolar organizer regions for three-dimensional display by confocal laser scanning microscope.

A new method of fluorescent staining of nucleolar organizer regions (F1NORs) is described. Aluminum ammonium sulfate was used instead of silver as the cationic metal ion for binding with NORs-associated proteins, and fluorescent morin was successively bound to aluminum by chelating with modification of the method developed by Malinin (1978). After bleaching the fluorescent staining of NORs by washing water, ordinary AgNORs staining was performed on the same section, and both images of F1NORs and AgNORs were found to coincide with each other. F1NORs staining of human malignant and benign tumors, and colorectal adenomas of borderline malignancy were examined by three-dimensional analysis of the fluorescence images under confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). A remarkable increase of F1NORs was found, not only in number but also in volume, with bizarre configuration in the process of tumor progression, and the F1NORs-CLSM technique may be helpful for daily pathological diagnosis of malignancy.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1993

Early progression stage of malignancy of human colon border-line adenoma as revealed by immunohistochemical demonstration of increased DNA-instability.

The degree of DNA-instability was used as the marker of malignancy and applied to adenoma (7 benign cases and 17 border-line cases) and cancer (8 carcinoma-in-adenoma cases and 17 invasive cancer cases) of human colon. Proliferative activity by PCNA index and the activity of protein synthesis by AgNORs were also estimated for all cases as the supporting markers of malignancy. In all border-line cases, the following findings were obtained: (1), the degree of DNA-instability as revealed by immunohistochemical staining with anti-single-stranded DNA antiserum after acid hydrolysis was increased in border-line adenoma to the level of invasive overt cancer, indicating its malignancy with marked DNA-instability; (2), reflecting the malignant character, abnormal mitosis and single cell necrosis were usually observed in all border-line adenomas by fluorescent Feulgen staining, indicating the DNA alterations; (3), not only the parenchymal but also the stromal PCNA indices were statistically larger in border-line adenoma than in benign adenoma, indicating the "stromal activation" in malignancy; (4), the volumes of AgNORs were much increased in border-line adenoma in comparison with those in benign adenoma, and these showed further increases with the progression of malignancy to the invasive overt cancer. These findings indicate that border-line adenoma of human colon has already malignant character at the early progression stage, although no apparent epithelial atypia, or destructive invasion, is taking place.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical evaluation of combination therapy with sulbactam/cefoperazone and amikacin sulfate for infections associated with hematological disorders].

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) and amikacin sulfate (AMK) in severe infections associated with hematological disorders. The clinical efficacy rate in 82 evaluable patients was 70.7%. The efficacy rate in sepsis from which causative organisms were isolated was high, 75% (3/4). No significant difference was found between those cases for which no previous antibiotic therapies were made and those for which antibiotic therapies were done and changed to the combination during the course of the therapies. No side effects nor substantial abnormal laboratory test results attributable to the test drugs were observed. From these observations, we have concluded that the combination therapy with SBT/CPZ plus AMK is a very useful empiric therapy for severe infections associated with hematological disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Wernicke's encephalopathy in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PURPOSE: We describe the case of a 9-year-old boy who developed Wernicke's encephalopathy while receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: After suffering anorexia for 4 weeks following chemotherapy, he exhibited nystagmus and ataxia. Symptoms rapidly worsened following an increased glucose load, and included a depressed consciousness, irregular respiration, and ophthalmoplegia. The serum thiamine level was 9 ng/ml (normal: 20-50). Cranial computed tomography (CT) revealed a low density area bilaterally at the neostriatum. Thiamine 100 mg/day was administered intravenously. RESULTS: The patient's neurological signs improved dramatically. However, he subsequently developed pancytopenia and died of pneumonia. CONCLUSION: The possibility of Wernicke's encephalopathy should be considered in children who are receiving chemotherapy for malignant disease when a persistent loss of appetite is followed by such neurological symptoms as nystagmus and ataxia.

Anorexia↗
PubMed1993

[Risk factors of cerebral embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation].

Cerebral embolism is one of the major complications of atrial fibrillation (Af). We studied patients with Af, retrospectively, as to the factors related to cerebral embolism. We examined 82 cases with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) as well as ambulatory (Holter) ECG and 12 leads ECG. Thirty-three patients had cerebral ischemic attack (CIA), including 14 patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and 19 patients with other heart disease or lone Af (NonMS). The CIA group of NonMS were older than other groups. Both the CIA and NonCIA groups had the same frequency of paroxysmal and chronic Af. In the CIA group, there was a tendency of small amplitude of f wave and longer RR interval than the NonCIA group with ambulatory ECG. The CIA group also had larger left atrial cavity size and aortic diameter with TTE. TEE revealed thrombus formation in 29 cases, and the CIA group had a higher occurrence rate of thrombus than NonCIA group. TEE also detected a fuzzy echo in the left atrium in 88% of the CIA group and 42% of the NonCIA group. The risk factors of cerebral embolism could not be made clear in this study, but a fuzzy echo and thrombus in the left atrium with TEE are specific findings of cerebral embolism. Therefore, older patients with paroxysmal Af, large LAD, AOD, small f wave or long RR interval need to be examined by TEE to detect LA thrombus or a fuzzy echo, which are probably major risk factors of cerebral embolism.

Adult↗