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Biomedical subjects

M Fujiwara

Publications and source records attributed to M Fujiwara.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Glutamic acid and glutamine levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in hepatic encephalopathy.

Significant elevation of glutamic acid and glutamine concentrations in CSF was observed in hepatic encephalopathic patients with fulminant hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. However, the ratios of CSF glutamic acid to CSF glutamine levels and of CSF to serum glutamic acid and glutamine levels were significantly higher only in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. CSF glutamine levels were positively correlated with blood ammonia and CSF tyrosine levels in cirrhotic patients. The results indicate that CSF glutamic acid and glutamine levels are important tools in diagnosing hepatic encephalopathy in severe liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Autostimulatory lymphoid cells in aging mice: induction of syngeneic host-versus-graft reaction by radioresistant adherent cells in normal recipients.

When young (6-week-old) BALB/c and also young C57BL/6 mice were inoculated into footpads with spleen cells from normal, syngeneic, aged donors, their response to the inoculum resulted in the enlargement of popliteal lymph nodes (PLN). The degree of PLN enlargement increased as the age of donor mice increased up to age one year. Spleen and lymph node cell populations were highly effective in eliciting the PLN enlargement. Thymus cells and bone marrow cells were moderately effective, but erythrocytes were ineffective. Resident peritoneal exudate cells and spleen adherent cells were much more effective than a whole spleen cell population. The syngeneic response seems to be attributable to a host-versus-graft reaction, since the PLN response was not affected by 2000 rad irradiation of inoculum cells and since the nylon wool-passed spleen T cell population was ineffective as the stimulator. The response was significantly reduced 3 weeks after thymectomy of recipients. PLN enlargement was also observed in older (7-month-old) mice which received spleen cells of younger mice. In this case, however, the response is ascribable to a graft-versus-host reaction, since the inoculation of radiosensitive spleen T cells into footpads resulted in the PLN enlargement. On the other hand, such a stimulatory activity was not found in either lymph node cells or thymus cells. These results suggest that the antigenicity of adherent cells changes with age and that the change is discernible by spleen-locating and short-lived T cells of young mice.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Cerebral neoplasms initially presenting with massive intracerebral hemorrhage.

In three patients, clinically silent brain tumors led to massive intracerebral hemorrhage. These patients represented 0.6% of 497 consecutive patients with primary or secondary brain tumors and 2.5% of 119 patients with hypertensive or spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Examination by computed tomography and angiography provided no evidence suggestive of the presence of neoplasms. All three patients were surgically treated and the lesions were histologically confirmed to be metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma, metastatic clear-cell carcinoma and low-grade astrocytoma, respectively.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Irritable aggression induced by delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine.

Administration of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to grouped rats injected intraventricularly with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) produced violent fighting accompanied by remarkable hyperirritability. This behavior was induced reproducibly from the 10th to 100th postoperative days. It was shown that this irritable aggression could be measured continuously and quantitatively in terms of degree of activity and/or vocalization using a newly designed analyzer. The effect of THC differed markedly from the action of apomorphine and methamphetamine in 6-OHDA pretreated rats. Apomorphine induced irritable aggression but not vigorous vocalization. On the other hand, methamphetamine induced much less irritable aggression than apomorphine-induced aggression. It is assumed that a THC-invoked imbalance in catecholamine agonistic and serotonin antagonistic action brought about by activation of supersensitized catecholaminergic receptor was operating to produce the aggression. Specifically, hypoactivity of serotonergic neurons might play a key role in the occurrence of THC-induced irritable aggression.

Aggression↗
PubMed1984

Anisotropic electric properties of purple membrane and their change during the photoreaction cycle.

Purple membrane suspension shows two different orientations in electric fields of different frequencies. The orientation at low frequencies (less than or equal to approximately 10 Hz), with the membrane surface perpendicular to the electric field, is due to permanent dipole moment of the membrane and the orientation at high frequencies (greater than or equal to approximately 100 Hz), with the surface parallel to the electric field, is due to induced dipole moment. By quantitative analysis of these orientations, we determined the permanent dipole moment and the polarizability. Both values varied according to the membrane size: the permanent dipole moment ranged from 500 kD to 10 MD and was proportional to the square of the diameter of the membrane. The polarizability ranged from 1 X 10(-13) to 1 X 10(-11)cm3 and was proportional to the third to fourth power of the diameter. Because the permanent dipole moment was proportional to the area of the membrane, we could determine permanent dipole moment per bacteriorhodopsin. By determining the actual membrane size under electron microscopy, we got 98 D/bacteriorhodopsin. We also concluded that the direction of the permanent dipole moment was from the cytoplasmic to the extracellular side. These values, however, were strongly dependent on the ionic strength in the medium, suggesting a screening effect due to counter ions near the membrane surface. We evaluated the screening effect and showed about a four-charge difference between the two sides of the purple membrane. Under illumination, we found that the permanent dipole moment decreased from 98 to 63 D/bacteriorhodopsin. From the best-oriented sample, we also concluded that the angle of retinal against the axis normal to the membrane surface was greater than 68.6 degrees.

Bacteriorhodopsins↗
PubMed1984

Supersensitivity of the rabbit iris sphincter muscle induced by trigeminal denervation: the role of substance P.

The rabbit left ophthalmic nerve (first branch of the left trigeminal nerve) was cut at the intracranial, peripheral side of the trigeminal ganglion and the effects of denervation were examined using iris sphincter muscle preparations isolated from the left and right eye, as denervated and control innervated preparations, respectively. Electrical transmural stimulation produced a substance P-operated contraction, in addition to a cholinergic one, in the preparation isolated from the right control eye. The former response was abolished in the preparation isolated from the left denervated eye, thereby indicating that the trigeminal, substance P nerve ipsilaterally innervates the iris sphincter muscle. Exogenously applied carbachol and substance P produced concentration-dependent contractions in preparations isolated from either eye. Supersensitivity characterized by a decrease in median effective concentration (EC50) values and an increase in maximal response was observed in the responses to both agents of the left denervated preparation. Such supersensitivity developed slowly after trigeminal denervation and 3 weeks was required for full development. Exogenously applied KCl produced substance P-operated and direct muscle contractions in the right control preparations. In the left denervated preparations, the substance P-operated contraction was either markedly attenuated or abolished, while the direct muscle-related contraction was enhanced after trigeminal denervation. The length of the left denervated preparation was longer than that of the right control preparation, and the resting tensions required to produce maximal carbachol contraction shifted to lower values. These physical changes of the iris sphincter muscle developed within 5 days after trigeminal denervation. In the non-denervated preparation treated with capsaicin in vitro, electrical transmural stimulation and KCl failed to produce the substance P-related contraction. However, supersensitivity to neither exogenously applied substance P, carbachol and KCl nor physical changes were observed in the capsaicin-treated preparation. These results suggest that trigeminal, substance P-related nerves tonically and ipsilaterally innervate the rabbit iris sphincter muscle and that the denervation results in non-specific supersensitivity. These findings are essentially the same as those observed in various types of smooth muscles after autonomic denervation.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1984

Effects of cinepazide on the purinergic responses in the dog cerebral artery.

The effects of cinepazide, 1-[(1-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)methyl]-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl )piperazine hydrogen maleate, were studied in isolated dog cerebral arteries. Cinepazide in concentrations ranging from 10(-6) to 10(-5) M augmented the relaxing responses to ATP, adenosine and cAMP. However, this agent did not affect the relaxations induced by isoproterenol and papaverine and the contractions induced by 5-HT, prostaglandin F2 alpha and ATP. In the basilar artery preloaded with 3H-norepinephrine or 3H-adenosine, electrical transmural stimulation resulted in a marked increase in 3H-efflux. This efflux accompanied an initial transient contraction followed by a relaxation. Cinepazide slightly reduced the 3H-efflux evoked by electrical stimulation. However, the relaxing response was mostly augmented by the treatment with cinepazide. The relaxing responses to ATP, adenosine, cAMP and electrical transmural stimulation were attenuated by theophylline. These results suggest that cinepazide selectively potentiates the relaxing response mediated through purinergic P1-receptors.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1984

Effects of 2-[(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)azo]-1H-imidazole (M6434), a new alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, on pre- and postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors in canine mesenteric artery.

Post- and presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors in the canine mesenteric artery show distinct features of alpha 1 and alpha 2 types, respectively. The effects of a newly synthesized pressor agent, 2-[(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)azo]-1H-imidazole (M6434), on the pre- and postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors of the canine mesenteric artery were examined pharmacologically. M6434 produced a contractile response in the mesenteric artery. The EC50 value of M6434 was 1.1 X 10(-7) M, that was almost the same as that of norepinephrine but significantly lower than the value seen with methoxamine. The maximum amplitude of contraction developed by M6434 was approximately 81% of that induced by norepinephrine. The contractile response to M6434 was competitively inhibited by prazosin (pA2 = 9.23 +/- 0.08) and yohimbine (pA2 = 7.85 +/- 0.09). M6434 also reduced the 3H-efflux evoked by electrical transmural stimulation in the arterial tissues preincubated with 3H-norepinephrine, and the maximum inhibition corresponded to about 60% of the case of norepinephrine. This presynaptic effect was inhibited by yohimbine but not by prazosin. The results show that M6434 is almost a full agonist for alpha 1-adrenoceptor with partial alpha 2-effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Resistance of peripheral tissues and pituitary to thyroid hormone.

We describe a 29-year-old male with thyroid hormone resistance. He was first seen because of a goiter, and was considered to have hyperthyroid Graves' disease. Despite subtotal thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine therapy, serum thyroxine levels were elevated with high serum TSH levels. Baseline thyroid function showed serum thyroxine of 16.6 micrograms/dl, free thyroxine of 4.60 ng/dl, triiodothyronine of 197 ng/dl, and TSH of 34 microU/ml. Triiodothyronine administration by gradually increased doses of 75, 150, 225, 300, and 375 micrograms/d over a 25-day period resulted in gradual reduction of serum TSH and T4 levels, but serum TSH still responded to TRH even during this period. The basal metabolic rate was--14% and showed a minimal rise even with large doses of triiodothyronine. The results led to the diagnosis of generalized thyroid hormone resistance including the pituitary gland. Increased pulse rate, finger tremor and emotional lability in the patient suggest that the severity of peripheral refractoriness to the hormone may vary from tissue to tissue. In addition, a reduced thyroidal responsiveness to TSH as a consequence of inappropriate radioiodine therapy was observed in this patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Clinical significance of eosinophilia in the diagnosis of halothane-induced liver injury.

Three patients with severe halothane-induced liver injury are described. All patients received halothane anesthesia twice within a short period. High fever and jaundice were noticed soon after the second operation. The prothrombin time was less than 40%, and eosinophilia was greater than 7% prior to these symptoms. Other causes of liver injury were excluded. Diagnostic criteria for halothane-induced liver injury are proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A case of cornstarch granuloma.

A 57-year-old female was diagnosed as having asymptomatic cornstarch granuloma. The disseminated small nodules over the peritoneum were incidentally discovered at operation for cholelithiasis, when she was misdiagnosed as carcinomatosis peritonei. Histological observations revealed a characteristic finding of tuberculoid granuloma with caseous necrosis, a rather rare histological type of cornstarch granuloma. Polarized light microscopic examination of biopsy specimens is particularly important for the diagnosis. We emphasize that cornstarch granuloma should once be considered when tuberculoid or unknown abdominal granuloma are observed in patients with history of abdominal surgery.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Catecholamine-secreting malignant schwannoma in a patient with multiple intracranial aneurysms. Case report.

A case is reported of malignant schwannomatosis (malignant transformation of von Recklinghausen's disease) with catecholamine production in a patient with multiple intracranial aneurysms. The patient had a history of episodic hypertension and elevated levels of catecholamines in the serum and 24-hour urinary excretion. Postmortem examination revealed diffuse central nervous system (CNS) dissemination of the tumor from the thoracolumbar spinal malignant schwannoma. A high concentration of catecholamines was demonstrated in the tumor tissue, and histochemical and electron microscopy studies suggested the presence of catecholamines in the cytoplasm of some of the tumor cells. This patient's clinical and radiological features, including severe headache, vomiting, stiff neck, ptosis of the eye ipsilateral to the internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysms, and local arterial narrowing, mimicked those of subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm. However, the clinical picture was caused by diffuse CNS dissemination of the tumor, another primary malignant schwannoma of the oculomotor nerve, and intimal fibrous thickening of the arterial wall.

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

[Study on penetration of cefotiam into the cerebrospinal fluid].

Cefotiam (CTM) is a new cephem antibiotic which has potent activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We investigated the prophylactic treatment of CTM in orthopedic surgery and the concentrations of CTM Gram-negative in cerebrospinal fluid. The mean serum concentration at 2 hours after the drip infusion of CTM (3 g) was 28.28 +/- 5.48 micrograms/ml, and the mean concentration of CTM in cerebrospinal fluid was 0.58 +/- 0.07 micrograms/ml. From the result of multi-regression analysis in group I (12 cases, over 40 years old) and group II (10 cases, below 39 years old), it was suggested that the factor of age had a marked effect on cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of CTM. (Group I greater than Group II) High concentrations of CTM in cerebrospinal fluid after the 3 g-administration, exceeding the MIC80 for most causative organisms, suggested very useful prophylactic treatment of CTM in orthopedic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Role of oral administration of 1-hexyl-carbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) for multimodal treatment of inoperable cirrhotics with hepatocellular carcinoma].

1-Hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) was orally administered at doses of 300-600 mg daily for 7-360 days to 27 inoperable cirrhotics with hepatocellular carcinoma. They were simultaneously treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), and mitomycin C (MMC) injected into the hepatic artery and/or subcutaneous injection of OK-432. Efficient treatment according to the Koyama and Saito (PR and MR) and Karnofsky classification (I -A and I -B) was obtained in 40.7 and 29.6%, respectively, of all the patients; 81.8 and 54.5%, respectively, in the patients treated with TAE and intraarterial MMC injection and 25.0 and 12.5%, respectively, in those given MMC therapy. However, the total doses of HCFU administered (3-216 g) were not related to either efficient or inefficient treatment. Survival rate obtained 1 year following diagnosis of HCC was much better in the patients treated with TAE and/or MMC therapy (greater than 70%) than in those without these treatments (20%). TAE intervals in HCC patients given repeated TAE and intrahepatic MMC injection were slightly prolonged by oral administration of HCFU (more than 12 g). The results suggest that HCFU might be effective for prevention of HCC recurrence following TAE.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

alpha- 1 and alpha-2 type adrenoceptors involved in the inhibitory effect of splanchnic nerves on parasympathetically stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats.

The inhibitory effects of the splanchnic nerve on the parasympathetically stimulated gastric acid secretion were analyzed using two different types of alpha adrenergic blocking agents (prazosin and yohimbine). When the gastric acid secretion was increased by infusion of bethanechol, a muscarinic parasympathetic stimulant, the inhibitory effect of stimulation of the splanchnic postganglionic (SP) nerve on the gastric acid secretion was abolished by prazosin, but not by yohimbine. On the other hand, when the gastric acid secretion was increased by stimulation of the vagus nerve, the inhibitory effect of stimulation of the SP nerve on the gastric acid secretion was not abolished by prazosin, but was markedly attenuated by yohimbine. Infusion of clonidine had no effect on the bethanechol-induced gastric acid secretion but did inhibit the vagally stimulated gastric acid secretion in a dose-dependent manner. This effect of clonidine on the vagally stimulated gastric acid secretion was selectively abolished by yohimbine. These results suggest that the SP nerve inhibits the bethanechol-induced gastric acid secretion through alpha-1 type adrenoceptors and inhibits the vagally stimulated gastric acid secretion through alpha-2 type adrenoceptors. We propose that alpha-1 type adrenoceptors are located on the structures peripheral to the parasympathetic nerve terminals, whereas alpha-2 type adrenoceptors are located on the vagally stimulated pathways in the gastric wall. The vagally stimulated pathways display paradoxical resistance to the alpha-1 antagonist, prazosin.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Characteristics of palytoxin-induced depolarization in squid axons.

The effects of palytoxin on squid axon membranes have been studied by means of internal perfusion and voltage clamp techniques. When applied externally at a concentration ranging from 1 X 10(-8) to 1 X 10(-6) M, palytoxin caused a large depolarization of the membrane that was reversed slowly after washing with toxin-free solution. The toxin-induced depolarization disappeared quickly upon decreasing the external sodium concentration from 445 to 1 mM and the membrane was hyperpolarized beyond the original level. Palytoxin did not cause depolarization if both external and internal solutions were devoid of sodium. The toxin-induced depolarization was only reversed partially by external application of 1 X 10(-6) M tetrodotoxin. Palytoxin had no effect on the resting potential when perfused internally. These results indicate that palytoxin acts from outside of the nerve membrane to increase sodium permeability, thereby causing a depolarization. The palytoxin-poisoned membrane was also permeable to other cations with a permeability ratio of Na/Li/Cs/NH4 = 1:0.62:0.75:1.45. Under voltage clamp conditions, palytoxin shifted the voltage dependence of peak sodium current and steady-state potassium current in the direction of hyperpolarization and reduced markedly the maximum amplitude of peak sodium current. However, the kinetics of sodium current underwent little or no change except a shift of voltage dependence toward hyperpolarization. Leakage current increased markedly after application of palytoxin. In view of these observations and data from the literature, it was suggested that palytoxin creates a new channel in the membrane, thereby causing an increase in cation permeability, depolarization, and other effects such as muscle contraction.

Acrylamides↗