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Biomedical subjects

M Fujiwara

Publications and source records attributed to M Fujiwara.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on transitional cell cancer. Possible significance in immunity against tumor cells.

Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on 17 of 44 transitional cell cancers (TCCs) but not on normal transitional cells. ICAM-1 was frequently expressed in higher stage tumors, especially in those with abundant immune cells scattered within tumor. Analysis of infiltrating immune cells showed that they were composed mainly of T lymphocytes and a smaller number of macrophages bearing the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1). Expression of ICAM-1 on transitional cell cancer cell lines was augmented by in vitro treatment with interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta. Furthermore, Northern blot analysis revealed higher quantities of a 3.3-kb RNA in T24 cells exposed to interferon-gamma or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. These results suggest that the expression of ICAM-1 on transitional cell cancers might be modified by cytokines produced by infiltrating immune cells, which might facilitate immune responses against cancer cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Herpes zoster and malignancy].

A retrospective survey was conducted regarding the relationship between hospitalized patients with herpes zoster and malignancy based on clinical records. A total of 220 patient were hospitalized for treatment of herpes zoster during the past 15 years, and 23 of them had involvement with malignant tumors. Malignancy was found during hospitalization in 4 cases (1.8%). This was significantly higher than 0.27, the predicted number of malignancy cases. Three of the 4 cases were gastric cancer. The discovery rate of gastric cancer through screening at admittance was 2.4%, which was higher than 0.14%, the discovery rate in gastric cancer checkups in Hokkaido. Examination for malignant tumors should be required for all patients with herpes zoster who need to be hospitalized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Exocrinopathy resembling Sjögren's syndrome induced by a murine retrovirus.

BACKGROUND: Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into, and destruction of exocrine glands, resulting in dryness of the mouth and eyes. The disease is considered to have an autoimmune etiology, however, its etiopathogenesis remains largely unknown. Recently, retrovirus is suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of SS, because SS-like lesions are reported in HIV infection or in human T cell leukemia virus type I infection. Moreover, human intracisternal A-type retroviral particles are reported to be detected in SS patients. During the course of our study on the histopathology of mice infected with a murine retrovirus, we happened to find SS-like exocrinopathy in those mice. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Four-week-old C57BL/6 (B6) mice were injected intraperitoneally with LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus. This virus is known to induce splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy followed by lymphoid malignancy, and profound immunodeficiency in sensitive strains of mice. From 4 to 16 weeks after the virus inoculation, the infected mice were sacrificed and their submandibular and lacrimal glands were analyzed light and electron microscopically and immunohistochemically. The existence of the virus in the lesion in situ was also analyzed by the same method, and additionally by a polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS: Periductal lymphocytic infiltration into the submandibular and lacrimal glands was observed in all the virus-infected mice at 4 weeks after the infection and progressed with time. Extraglandular lymphocytic infiltration was also observed in liver, kidney, lung, and pancreas. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that most infiltrating cells into the glands were composed of CD3+ T cells (CD4-dominant), Mac-1+ cells, and B220+ cells. The virus genome was detected in submandibular glands by immunohistochemistry or by polymerase chain reaction. In addition, retroviral particles were secreted into the lumen of exocrine ducts of submandibular glands. CONCLUSIONS: This might be an SS animal model that is induced by a certain defined retrovirus. This experimental system might provide us with valuable information for analyzing the mechanisms of how a retrovirus could induce SS.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Studies on 13 cases of active tuberculosis diagnosed at autopsy for the first time].

It is reported not only that the incidence of active tuberculosis has not decreased but also that the cases of active tuberculosis who had been diagnosed at autopsy for the first time may have increased. The background factors and clinical courses of 13 cases of active tuberculosis whom we could not diagnose as tuberculosis until autopsy were investigated. According to the autopsy reports, the three fourths of the cases had active tuberculosis lesions in several organs as miliary tuberculosis. All of the cases were treated in serious condition of liver cirrhosis, leukemia, and other malignant diseases. Although fever of unknown origin was an important symptom, it was difficult to make a correct diagnosis because the fever was thought to be originated not from active tuberculosis but from the underlying diseases themselves. It was also difficult to diagnose from chest x-ray findings unless tuberculosis was suspected clinically. The education about tuberculosis should be held repeatedly. And we should try to think from different direction for the strange and unexpected clinical features of the patients with liver cirrhosis, leukemia, and other malignant diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Study of the antiseptic efficacy of a quick drying rubbing type povidone-iodine alcoholic disinfectant solution by the glove juice method.

The antiseptic efficacy of HAD Hand Wash (83% ethanol containing 0.5% povidone-iodine) was investigated by the glove-juice method in 29 cases amongst staff members of our university. The number of viable bacteria on the hands and fingers was counted three times, and the mean of these counts was used as the baseline value for each subject. The number of viable bacteria on both hands was the same prior to disinfection. After the hands were disinfected by rubbing with 3 ml of HAD Hand Wash until it dried, the subjects put on sterile gloves. The number of viable bacteria was counted on the right hand of all the subjects immediately after disinfection. The number of viable bacteria on the left hand was counted in 8 subjects 30 minutes after disinfection, and in 7 subjects each 1, 2 and 4 hours after disinfection. The bacteria were identified by subculture. The ratio of bacteria sterilized (bacterial reduction rate) was 75.4% immediately after disinfection, and 69.0%, 71.9%, 35.8% and 27.6% at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours, respectively. All of the bacteria detected were Gram-positive bacteria that were native to the sebaceous glands, sweat glands or skin surface; i.e. Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus, and Streptococcus. The frequency of detection of Staphylococcus warneri was the highest before disinfection, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hominis, in that order. After disinfection, all these species showed a marked decrease in the number of bacteria. Micrococcus remained in half the subjects, while other species remained in less than one third of the subjects.

Antisepsis↗
PubMed1993

[A cross-sectional study on relationships between daily physical activity and concentration of serum cholesterol and body mass index in fifth grade elementary schoolchildren and their parents].

The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of daily physical activity on serum total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), body mass index (BMI) and atherogenic index (AI) in 240 fifth grade schoolchildren, their 174 fathers and 212 mothers. Information on daily physical activity was obtained by inquiry with a questionnaire and was also measured directly with a device sensing acceleration of physical movement. In schoolchildren, effect of physical activity on TC, HDL-C and AI was not apparent, but that on BMI was shown. In adult men, HDL-C differed by job classification and increased as the degree of physical labor increased from desk work to light and heavy work. Strength of physical activity using the quotient of total amount of measured physical activity divided by body weight had a significant positive correlation with serum HDL-C (r = 0.20, p < 0.05) and significant negative correlation with AI (r = -0.18, p < 0.05) in adult men. In adult women, daily physical activity did not have a significant correlation to TC, HDL-C, AI or BMI. These results appear to suggest that the effect of daily physical activity on serum cholesterol, AI, BMI of schoolchildren and adult women was smaller than that for adult men.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Development of an anesthesia ledger using relational database].

An anesthesia ledger was developed using relational database KIRI Ver3. This anesthesia database includes 33 items for input, for example patient's name, patient's I.D. number, data of operation, diagnosis, operative procedure, name of surgeon, name of anesthesiologists and so on. One can select data from displayed menu cards only by rolling down or rolling up the cursor at 19 items and can input numbers by keyboard at twelve items. Even a computer beginner can easily operate it after a minimal training. Only patient's name must be input by text style. We can construct this anesthesia database only by use of functions of KIRI Ver3 without programming. One can use this anesthesia ledger at any operative facilities by changing a part of database and a file of doctor's name.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1993

Effects of topical instillation of minocycline hydrochloride on cyst size and renal function in polycystic kidney disease.

To reduce renal cyst size in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), minocycline hydrochloride solution was instilled into the enlarged cysts in three ADPKD patients. In one patient with reduced renal function, such sclerotherapy apparently diminished cyst size, but without apparent improving effect on renal function at 7 months of follow-up. The second patient, who needed the replacement therapy on admission, had been free from hemodialysis over 4 months after the therapy. Persistent flank pain disappeared in both patients. In the third patient with normal renal function, sclerotherapy was done to get a better control of hypertension. Initially blood pressure decreased, but it returned up to the pre-therapy level irrespective of definite reduction of the enlarged cysts at 8 months of follow-up. The therapy with minocycline hydrochloride did not appear harmful, and may be helpful in the management of ADPKD.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Mechanism of the rejection of major histocompatibility complex class I-disparate murine skin grafts: rejection can be mediated by CD4+ cells activated by allo-class I + II antigen in CD8+ cell-depleted hosts.

In the preceding article, we analyzed the immunohistochemical rejection mechanism of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (H-2K)-disparate murine skin grafts, and showed that only CD8+ cells infiltrated at the site of the epithelial tissue of MHC class I-disparate graft. We also showed that perfect survival of MHC class I-disparate grafts were attained in thymectomized recipients treated with anti-Lyt-2 monoclonal antibody. In this report, we showed that these long-surviving allo-class I grafts were rejected in the absence of CD8+ cells by stimulation with allo-MHC class I + II-disparate graft as the second stimulation. Furthermore, it was immunohistochemically revealed that under that condition, a large number of CD4+ cells infiltrated into the epithelial tissue of these long-surviving class I grafts, which were going to be rejected 2-5 d after the transplantation of a second graft with MHC class I + II difference. This result directly shows that CD4+ cells are able to became effectors for the rejection of allo-MHC class I (H-2K) skin graft.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists on the rise in [Ca2+]i following depolarization in aged rat brain synaptosomes.

The effects of non-competitive NMDA antagonists, MK-801 and dextrorphan in relation to the rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) after stimulation with 15 mM K+ in whole brain synaptosomes from young (3 months old) and aged (24 months old) Fisher344 rats were examined. A fluorescent chelating agent, Rhod-2, was employed to monitor any alterations of K(+)-evoked [Ca2+]i. In young rats, the rise in [Ca2+]i following depolarization was affected by neither dextrorphan (1, 10, 100 microM) nor MK-801 (0.1, 1, 10 microM), while in aged rats, 1 microM dextrorphan and 0.1 microM MK-801 brought about a significant increase in [Ca2+]i following depolarization. In low Mg2+ medium, 10 microM MK-801 and 100 microM dextrorphan significantly inhibited the rise in [Ca2+]i after stimulation with 15 mM K+ in young rats, while neither dextrorphan nor MK-801 could affect the rise in [Ca2+]i significantly in aged rats. When 100 microM NMDA was applied in a medium containing 1.2 mM Mg2+, the rise in [Ca2+]i following depolarization was slightly inhibited by 1 microM MK-801 in young rats, but it was not inhibited significantly by dextrorphan. In aged rats, both 100 microM dextrorphan and 10 microM MK-801 strongly inhibited the rise in [Ca2+]i following depolarization in the presence of 100 microM NMDA. Instead of NMDA, when 100 microM alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), a non-NMDA receptor agonist, was applied, dextrorphan did not inhibit the rise in [Ca2+]i. In low Mg2+ medium, 100 microM NMDA potentiated the inhibitory effect of 10 microM dextrorphan in young rats, while 100 microM dextrorphan or MK-801 did not show any further inhibition by adding 100 microM NMDA. The addition of 100 microM AMPA did not affect the effect of dextrorphan in a low Mg2+ medium in young rats. These results suggest that NMDA antagonist-mediated [Ca2+]i homeostatic system may alter through aging. In addition, the findings that NMDA potentiated the inhibitory effect of NMDA antagonist, which being further potentiated by aging or lowered extrasynaptosomal Mg2+, indicate the possibility that the Mg2+ block to NMDA receptors might be attenuated through aging.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

The facilitating and suppressing effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the rise in intrasynaptosomal Ca2+ concentration in rats.

The effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) on the rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) after stimulation with 15 mM or 29 mM K+ in rat whole brain synaptosomes were examined. A fluorescent chelating agent, Rhod-2, was employed to monitor any alterations of K(+)-evoked [Ca2+]i. Pretreatment with 10(-10) M delta 9-THC for 3 min enhanced K(+)-evoked [Ca2+]i significantly, while 10(-9), 10(-8) or 5 x 10(-8) M delta 9-THC significantly inhibited the K(+)-evoked [Ca2+]i. These results suggest that delta 9-THC had a biphasic effect on the K(+)-evoked Ca2+ response in rat brain synaptosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Interstitial deletion of chromosome 16q: 16q22 is critical for 16q- syndrome.

Partial deletion of 16q is rare; to our knowledge only 12 cases have been published. Fryns et al. [Hum Genet 38:343-346, 1977] described the first of these cases and proposed a new clinical entity. Our patient was a girl and had many minor anomalies of the kind often observed in 16q- syndrome. Severe failure to thrive due to emesis and diarrhea were also observed. High resolution banding methods showed that the chromosome constitution of the patient was 46,XX,del(16)(q22.1q22.3). This suggests that 16q22 is critical for the syndrome.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed1992

Isolation of S-[2-carboxy-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]cysteine from human urine.

S-[2-Carboxy-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]cysteine (I), a proposed precursor of 3-[(carboxymethyl)thio]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid [Kinuta, Yao, Masuoka, Ohta, Teraoka & Ubuka (1991) Biochem. J. 275, 617-721], was isolated from healthy human urine by using ion-exchange column chromatography. Identification of the isolated compound with compound (I) was performed by physicochemical analyses involving i.r., m.s. and n.m.r. spectrometries as well as high-voltage paper electrophoresis, t.l.c. and paper chromatography. Compound (I) was synthesized in 80% yield by incubation of a reaction mixture containing trans-urocanic acid and 3-fold excess of cysteine at 70-75 degrees C. From these results we suggest that natural thiol compounds such as cysteine and GSH participate in the metabolism of urocanic acid, a key metabolite of L-histidine.

Chromatography, Ion Exchange↗
PubMed1992

Effect of lipopolysaccharide on transport and metabolism of arginine in mouse peritoneal macrophages.

The transport activity of arginine in mouse peritoneal macrophages was strongly induced when they were cultured with 1 ng/ml bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 h. Arginine in the medium decreased whereas ornithine in the medium increased during the culture. This time-dependent change of arginine to ornithine was accelerated by LPS. However, the activity of arginase in the macrophages did not change during the culture with or without LPS and release of arginase from the cells to the medium was not detected. It is suggested that the transport of arginine and ornithine was a rate-limiting step in arginine-to-ornithine conversion in the macrophage culture medium. A possible role of the induction of arginine transport activity in the macrophage cytocidal activity due to arginine depletion and nitric oxide production is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Interferon gamma but not tumor necrosis factor alpha decreases susceptibility of human renal cell cancer cell lines to lymphokine-activated killer cells.

Human renal cell cancer (RCC) cell lines, ACHN and KRC/Y, with or without exposure to cytokines, were examined for their susceptibility to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Flow-cytometric analysis demonstrated constitutional expression of class I antigen on both cell lines, which was enhanced by interferon alpha (IFN alpha), IFN gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). A 4-h 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that pretreatment of both cell lines with IFN gamma or IFN alpha, but not with TNF alpha, decreased their susceptibility to LAK cells. IFN gamma also decreased susceptibility to natural killer cells in a 16-h 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay. IFN gamma treatment decreased the susceptibility of ACHN cells in a dose-dependent manner. "Cold"-target competition assay clearly showed that IFN gamma- but not TNF alpha-pretreated cells compete less effectively than do untreated target cells. Pretreatment with IFN gamma, however, increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) to a degree comparable to that with TNF alpha. Northern blot analyses using a 520-base-pair ICAM-1 cDNA as a probe demonstrated that more 3.3-kb mRNA is expressed in IFN gamma- and TNF alpha-pretreated cells. These results suggest that IFN gamma-treated RCC cell lines may reduce their ability to be recognized by LAK cells, and that IFN-induced protection of RCC cell lines against LAK cells may depend upon a mechanism independent of the expression of class I antigens or ICAM-1 on tumor cells.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1992

Microglial and astroglial reactions to inflammatory lesions of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the rat central nervous system.

Gliosis is a repair process of lesions appearing in the central nervous system (CNS). Although gliosis by astrocytes (astrocytic gliosis) has been well documented, that by microglia (microglial gliosis) remains poorly understood. In the present study we induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats and examined microglial and astroglial reactions to EAE lesions at various stages of the disease by immunohistochemistry. For the demonstration of microglia and astrocytes, antibodies against complement receptor type 3 (OX42) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were used, respectively. It was revealed that the whole course of microglial and astroglial reactions to EAE lesions is divisible into three stages, i.e., initial, peak and recovery stages. Microglial and astroglial reactions to EAE lesions at each stage correspond well with the clinical and histological stages of EAE. At the initial stage, rats showed mild clinical signs and a few inflammatory foci were found in the CNS. Microglia were increased in number in close association with inflammatory cell aggregates, whereas astrocytes showed no significant reaction in spite of the presence of inflammatory cells. At the peak stage, rats showed full-blown EAE and the number of inflammatory cells reached maximum. The most characteristic finding at this stage was 'encasement' of inflammatory lesions by astrocytic fibers. Microglia were increased in number, but association of microglia with lesions was prevented by astrocytes. Interestingly, however, such characteristic distribution of microglia and astrocytes was not observed at the recovery stage. Residual inflammatory cell aggregates were intermingled with dense microglial and astrocytic gliosis, forming 'micro-astroglial scars'. Double immunofluorescence staining with anti-GFAP and anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), or with OX42 and anti-BrdU revealed that BrdU-incorporated microglia, but not astrocytes, were present mainly at the initial and peak stages, suggesting that microglia would proliferate by cell division to create gliosis, whereas astrocytic gliosis would be a result of migration of astrocytes and/or up-regulation of expression of GFAP molecule. Taken together with previous in vitro findings that microglia, but not astrocytes, stimulate encephalitogenic T cell proliferation, these in vivo findings suggest that microglia augment, whereas astrocytes suppress, inflammatory processes in the CNS.

Animals↗