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Biomedical subjects

M Fujishima

Publications and source records attributed to M Fujishima.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Single oral administration of captopril may not bring an improvement in screening of primary aldosteronism.

Plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were measured in 19 cases with primary aldosteronism (PA) and 72 with essential hypertension (EHT) to differentiate the two disorders in the following conditions: after overnight recumbency (basal state) and after oral administration of captopril. Screening criteria were determined in order to pick up all of PA patients as positive. After the captopril administration, the specificity of a criterion based on the combination of PAC and PAC/PRA ratio was 93% and positive predictive value 79%. This criterion was superior to other conventional screening methods. However, higher specificity (97%) and positive predictive value (90%) were obtained from a combination criterion based on the basal PAC and PAC/PRA ratio. The single oral administration of captopril may not bring an improvement in the screening of PA.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1987

[Significance of renal high uptake in bone marrow scintigraphy with 111In-chloride].

The significance of high renal uptake found in patients with hematological disease who underwent bone marrow scintigraphy with 111In-chloride was investigated. In patients with a high renal uptake, the uptake in bone marrow was low, suggesting a reflection of erythropoietic activity. The reversal relationship, however, was not necessarily present. With regard to correlation with iron metabolism, significantly higher uptake of serum Fe and lower UIBC were found among those with high renal uptake, suggesting that the level of free trans ferrin in the serum is largely involved in the high uptake in the kidney.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Contribution of glycemic control to the levels of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), total protein, beta 2-microglobulin and serum NAG in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus without macroalbuminuria.

To clarify the significance of the parameters which might indicate the abnormalities in the kidney, urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), urinary total protein (TP), urinary beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2MG) and serum NAG were determined in 61 type 1 diabetics who had neither retinopathy nor macroalbuminuria (negative albuminuria by Albustix), and in 19 age, sex-matched nondiabetic subjects. Urinary NAG, urinary TP and serum NAG levels were significantly elevated in the diabetics compared with the nondiabetic subjects, even though in the diabetics, whose duration of diabetes was not longer than 2.5 years. The relationships between these parameters and glycemic indices at different periods were studied in diabetics. Urinary NAG was correlated the strongest with the mean blood glucose level over the 7 days before the collection of urine (r = 0.47) among the 5 glycemic indices. On the other hand, urinary TP and urinary beta 2MG were correlated the strongest with the urinary glucose at the time of collection of urine (r = 0.77 and r = 0.37, respectively) among the 5 glycemic indices. No correlation of urinary NAG, urinary TP or urinary beta 2MG with stable HbA1 was observed. On the multiple regression analysis, 32% of the changes in urinary NAG, 61% of urinary TP, 19% of urinary beta 2MG and 20% of serum NAG were explained merely by the blood glucose levels, respectively. No relationship was observed among each parameter and duration of diabetes, insulin dose, urinary excretion of C-peptide or lipid levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1987

Physiological and biochemical changes in ageing--based on a population survey in a Japanese community, Hisayama.

Biophysical and biochemical characteristics of the aged were studied in a general population sample of 1,621, 2,008 or 2,146 Hisayama residents aged 40 or over, which were screened at 1961, 1973-74 or 1983, respectively. In addition, 769 consecutive autopsy-cases of the Hisayama residents were examined to elucidate age-related reduction in weight of various organs. Body-mass index for both sexes decreased with advancing age-decade, and this trend was more prominent for males. A slight acceleration in the biennial changes in body-mass index for males was found during the fifth decade of life and a slight attenuation during the seventh decade, although the magnitude of the change is small. Reduction in weight of brain, liver or kidneys of the autopsied cases aged 30 or over, was in progress with a decade of increasing age. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures rose with increasing age until the 7th decade. Thereafter, systolic pressure continued to rise while diastolic pressure began to drop in advanced age for both sexes. A standard deviation of average systolic pressure in both borderline cases and normotensives became larger along the time-course in the aged. This variation is probably due to the difference in age-related changing pattern of systolic pressure each by each, particularly in borderline hypertensives. Changes in blood chemical constituents by age-decade varied according to sex, namely, each constituent had its own pattern of ageing by sex. Based on the results from the present study, basic morphology or physiology related to ageing was discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The hemodynamic and humoral responses to tilting in diabetic patients on chronic hemodialysis treatment.

Hemodynamic and humoral responses to tilting were examined in order to elucidate the autonomic nervous function in diabetic hemodialysis patients. Eleven diabetic (DM) and eleven non-diabetic (non-DM) patients on maintenance hemodialysis treatment were involved in the experimentation, matching the age and the duration of hemodialysis. Cardiac output, blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EP) were measured before and 5 minutes after the 45 degree tilting. By the tilting the blood pressure significantly fell in DM, whereas it rose slightly but significantly in non-DM. In both groups, however, the heart rate remained unchanged, and either cardiac index or stroke volume index decreased equally. The percentile increase in total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) was significantly smaller in DM (14.6%) than in non-DM (27.9%). There was a significant correlation between the changes in TPRI and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.730, p less than 0.01). NE and EP increased significantly in non-DM but not in DM. Blood pressure reduced by the tilting in DM was associated with a small or equivocal response in either TPRI or plasma NE. The heart rate did not respond to the tilting in both groups. These results indicate that both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are deranged in diabetic hemodialysis patients but parasympathetic dysfunction is evident even in non-diabetic hemodialysis patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Hemodynamic and volume changes by ultrafiltration in refractory edema of diabetic nephrotic syndrome with severe renal insufficiency.

Effects of ultrafiltration (UF) were examined in 6 diabetic nephrotics having refractory edema. Plasma volume (PV) was 139% of the normal control before and significantly reduced to 125% N after UF (p less than 0.05). Average reduction of PV was 0.3 l, while that of body weight was 4.4 kg. This means that UF induces mainly the reduction of extracellular fluid volume with very little effect on blood volume due to high intravascular refilling. Hemodynamically, cardiac index decreased and total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) remained unchanged according to the decrease of mean blood pressure (MBP). Change in MBP was linearly correlated to that in TPRI. The present study indicates that UF leads to interstitial fluid volume depletion and blood pressure reduction in diabetic nephrotics with severe renal insufficiency. Clinically, UF is a temporary relief from a life-threatening generalized edema in these patients, although neither the progress of renal dysfunction or the recurrence of nephrotic syndrome can be prevented.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of chronic sympathetic denervation on cerebrovascular hypertrophy during the development of hypertension in rats.

The present study was designed to examine the trophic effect of sympathetic nerves on cerebrovascular hypertrophy in developmental hypertension. Unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy was performed in spontaneously hypertensive rats at 4 weeks of age, and wall-to-lumen ratios of cerebral arteries were determined at 5 weeks, 2 months or 5 months after denervation. To estimate the thickness of the vessel wall, a freeze substitution technique was used for the preparation of cerebral arteries. Basal mean arterial blood pressure measured through cannulated femoral artery was 127 +/- 2, 146 +/- 7 and 168 +/- 6 mm Hg (mean +/- S.E.M.) at 9 weeks, 3 months and 6 months of age, respectively. The wall-to-lumen ratios in the denervated and innervated hemispheres were 0.124 +/- 0.004 and 0.129 +/- 0.005 at 9 weeks, 0.127 +/- 0.003 and 0.169 +/- 0.004 (P less than 0.02 vs denervated) at 3 months, and 0.194 +/- 0.007 and 0.222 +/- 0.006 (P less than 0.05 vs denervated) at 6 months. The effect of denervation was more significant in downstream vessels (diameter less than or equal to 100 microns) than larger ones. We conclude that wall-to-lumen ratio is correlated well with a rise in basal blood pressure, and chronic interruption of the sympathetic nerves attenuates normal occurrence of vascular hypertrophy during the development of hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A new model of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in spontaneously hypertensive rats: diabetes induced by neonatal streptozotocin treatment.

This study was designed to develop an animal model of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes with persistent hypertension. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats were treated with 25.0, 37.5, 50.0, 62.5 or 75.0 mg/kg of streptozotocin given intraperitoneally at 2 days of age and maintained for 12 weeks. In the rats which received 50.0 mg/kg or more streptozotocin, overt hyperglycaemia gradually and consistently developed following incomplete recovery from an initial hyperglycaemia. Compared to vehicle-treated controls, body weight gain in these animals did not differ for the first 8 weeks; thereafter, it was slightly but significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced. The animals treated with 25.0 or 37.5 mg/kg streptozotocin developed mild to moderate hyperglycaemia, but their body weight gain was similar to controls. The relationships between streptozotocin dose and metabolic responses (plasma glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, urinary glucose, food intake, etc.) were clearly demonstrated. Systolic blood pressure rose with progressing age in both controls and streptozotocin-treated rats, irrespective of dosage or metabolic response. This new rat model of Type 2 diabetes associated with persistent hypertension may be useful in studying these combined effects on small and large vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Cerebral venous angioma of the pons: report of a case with pontine hemorrhage.

Cerebral venous angioma in the pons associated with pontine hemorrhage in a 39-year-old normotensive woman was identified with computed tomography and angiography. Venous angioma in the brain stem is usually silent and rarely found by chance at autopsy. Only a few cases have been clinically reported. Our report indicates that in unusual cases of intracerebral hemorrhage, vascular malformations should be suspected and scrutinized with radiologic examination including angiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Adriamycin-induced nephropathy as a model of chronic progressive glomerular disease.

Serial changes in urine protein, blood chemistry, and histology of the kidney were investigated in rats for 28 weeks after injections of adriamycin (ADR). Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia were observed at week 4 and throughout the experiment. Both BUN and serum creatinine began to increase at week 16 and reached the uremic level at week 28. Light microscopic study of the kidney demonstrated a normal appearance at week 4, vacuole formation in glomerular tuft at weeks 8 and 12, focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis at weeks 16 and 20, and extensive glomerular sclerosis with tubulointerstitial degenerations at weeks 24 and 28. Immunohistologically, IgM with a small amount of IgG and C3 appeared in the sclerosing glomeruli from week 16. Aggregated human IgG, injected intravenously at week 24, had accumulated mainly in the glomeruli. Electron microscopy revealed degenerative changes of glomerular epithelial cells with small vacuoles in the cytoplasm at week 4. Size of vacuoles increased at the later stage. In conclusion, ADR produced chronic, progressive glomerular changes in rats, which led to terminal renal failure. The segmental glomerular sclerosis and IgM-dominant glomerular deposition in these animals are similar to pathological characteristics of focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis seen clinically.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of hypertension on the progress and prognosis of experimental focal glomerular sclerosis.

Effect of hypertension on progressive renal disease was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with experimental focal glomerular sclerosis, produced by the intravenous administration of adriamycin (ADR). Serial changes of urinary protein, blood pressure and blood chemistry for 22 weeks after ADR-treatment, and renal histology at week 22, were compared between ADR-treated SHR (group ADR-HT) and ADR-treated SHR given antihypertensive drugs (group ADR-AH). Hypertension persisted in group ADR-HT, while blood pressure markedly decreased in group ADR-AH, after oral administration of antihypertensive drugs (guanethidine and hydralazine). Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and hypercholesterolaemia were observed throughout the experiment both in group ADR-HT and in group ADR-AH. Urinary protein levels were significantly larger in the former at weeks 12 and 16. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels increased progressively from week 16 in the ADR-treated rats. The increase was more rapid in group ADR-HT than in group ADR-AH. In group ADR-HT, 10 of 25 rats died between weeks 20 and 22, whereas all in group ADR-AH survived. Histologically, ADR-treated rats showed focal glomerular sclerosis with tubulointerstitial changes. The lesions were more extensive in group ADR-HT than in group ADR-AH. We conclude that hypertension influences the progress and prognosis of chronic progressive renal disease, as induced by adriamycin.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Clinical features of nongangrenous ischemic colitis. A comparison of stricturing and transient forms.

Forty cases of nongangrenous ischemic colitis were studied to find the different clinical features between stricturing form and transient form. Clinical and laboratory findings were compared between two groups, 15 cases of stricturing form and 25 of transient form, which were diagnosed by follow-up barium enema radiography. The following four items, of the nine studied, were significantly different between the two groups; namely, patients of stricturing form were older in age, had longer time intervals from the onset of disease to disappearance of subjective symptoms and to normalization of white blood cell count and/or erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and showed an increase in 1-h erythrocyte sedimentation rate on day 5 or earlier of the disease. Our observations indicate that the age and 1-h erythrocyte sedimentation rate might be useful indicators to differentiate the stricturing and transient forms early after the onset of the disease.

Adult↗