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Biomedical subjects

M Fujishima

Publications and source records attributed to M Fujishima.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The value of double-contrast study of the small intestine in immunoproliferative small intestinal disease.

Radiological findings of 2 patients with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease were studied. One of the cases was associated with alpha-chain disease. Both patients complained of severe diarrhea, and diagnosis was made by endoscopic biopsy of the duodenum and jejunum. Double-contrast studies of the small intestine and hypotonic duodenographies in these patients revealed thickened folds and innumerable fine granular elevations without ulcerations or luminal narrowings. Double-contrast studies are one of the most important examinations in the diagnosis of this disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Barium meal study for amyloidosis of the small intestine: measurements on radiograph.

In order to determine barium meal radiographic findings characteristic of amyloidosis, we measured the jejunal diameter, valvular width, and intervalvular distance in 25 patients with small bowel amyloidosis and in 30 control individuals, and compared the two groups with each other. As a result, jejunal diameter demonstrated no difference between amyloidosis cases and controls, while there was a significant difference in valvular width or intervalvular distance between the two groups. Our results indicate that objective estimates of the thickening of the valvulae and the shortening of the intervalvular distance by means of measurements of the given roentgenograms greatly contribute to the clinical diagnosis of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ultrasonic and CT findings in penicillin-induced nonpseudomembranous colitis.

The findings of ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen in two cases of nonpseudomembranous colitis (NPMC) induced by penicillin are described. Both imaging methods revealed diffuse thickening of the colon in patients who were endoscopically diagnosed as suffering from this disease. The clinical and radiographic features of this entity are presented along with a brief review of pertinent literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Radiographic demonstration of longitudinal ulcers in patients with ulcerative colitis.

During the past 10 years, 122 patients with ulcerative colitis were diagnosed by double-contrast barium enema and colonofiberscopy with endoscopic biopsy. Among them, five patients (4%) had longitudinal ulcers and eccentric deformities in the colon. Other radiologic findings included thumbprinting (two cases), sacculations (two cases), and inflammatory polyps (four cases). The possibility of the concomitance of ischemic colitis in cases of ulcerative colitis is discussed, due to their radiographic similarities.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ultracentrifugation study on interactions among calmodulin, cardiac troponin and tropomyosin-actin complex.

In an effort to clarify the regulation of contractions in cardiac muscle, we performed ultracentrifugation studies on the interactions between cardiac troponin and tropomyosin-actin complex in the presence of Ca2+ or Sr2+. When troponin C and troponin I were centrifuged with tropomyosin-actin complex, troponin I was not removed from tropomyosin-actin complex in the presence of bivalent-cation. Troponin C was observed to bind very weakly to troponin T-tropomyosin-actin complex in either the presence of absence of bivalent-cation. When troponin C was replaced by calmodulin, troponin I was not removed from tropomyosin-actin complex in the presence of bivalent-cation. Calmodulin bound to the troponin I-troponin T-tropomyosin-actin complex only in the presence of bivalent-cation. These results suggest that the inhibitory action of troponin I is neutralized by troponin C or calmodulin upon binding of bivalent-cation while troponin I binds to tropomyosin-actin complex in cardiac muscle. Therefore cardiac muscle seems to differ from skeletal muscle in regard to regulation of its contraction.

Actins↗
PubMed1990

Subacute nephrotoxicity of germanium dioxide in the experimental animal.

Germanium (Ge; atomic number 32, atomic weight 72.6) belongs to IVb group of the Periodic Table and is found as a trace metal in soil, rocks, plants, and animals. It is widely used in industry because of its semiconductive nature. Some biological activities have been shown in Ge derivatives. Recently, patients with persistent renal damage after chronic ingestion of germanium dioxide (GeO2)-containing compounds have been reported in Japan. This study aimed to investigate subacute nephrotoxicity of GeO2 in Lewis male rats. The rats were treated orally with GeO2 for 13 weeks (GeO2 group) and were compared with those treated with GeO2 for only the first 4 weeks (GeO2-4-week group) and with untreated controls. Renal dysfunction was demonstrated by the increased serum creatinine, BUN, and serum phosphate and decreased creatinine clearance. Liver dysfunction was observed as demonstrated by the increased GOT and GPT, and hypoproteinemia by the decreased total protein and albumin in the GeO2 group. However, daily urinary protein excretion or urinalysis did not differ among the groups. Kidney weight and Ge content of tissues were significantly elevated in the GeO2 group. With the light microscope, vacuoles and the depositions of PAS-stained particles, which correspond to electron-microscopic dense granules in the swollen mitochondria, were predominantly observed in distal tubular epithelium in the GeO2 group. Even in the GeO2-4-week group of rats, serum creatinine was increased and the above-mentioned histological abnormalities were observed, but were less intense.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1990

Relationship between glycemic control and orthostatic hypotension in type 2 diabetes mellitus--a survey by the Fukuoka Diabetes Clinic Group.

We examined the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension and its association with glycemic control, as assessed by hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) concentration, in type 2 diabetic patients. The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension in 886 diabetics who were referred to our study and in 587 diabetics who were not given any antihypertensive drugs was 7% and 6%, respectively. The relationship between orthostatic hypotension and HbA1 levels was evaluated only in subjects not receiving antihypertensive drugs, since antihypertensive agents might induce orthostatic hypotension. HbA1 levels were 11.0 +/- 2.1% in the diabetic patients with orthostatic hypotension, which was significantly higher than the HbA1 levels of 9.9 +/- 2.2% in the diabetic patients without orthostatic hypotension. Multivariate analysis also revealed that the association remained significant after adjustment for the treatment and duration of diabetes, age, sex and body mass index. These findings suggest that glycemic control contributes to the development of orthostatic hypotension in type 2 diabetic patients.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Serum lipid levels in thyroid dysfunction with special reference to transient elevation during treatment in hyperthyroid Graves' disease.

Lipid metabolism was examined in patients with hyper- or hypothyroidism. Compared with corresponding age and sex matched controls, serum total cholesterol (T-chol), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol), phospholipid (PL) and LDL levels were significantly low and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were high with apparently normal triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol) levels in 61 hyperthyroid patients, while T-chol, LDL-chol, TG, PL, VLDL and LDL levels were high with normal FFA and HDL-chol levels in 31 hypothyroid patients. Serum lipid levels were then repeatedly measured in 7 men and 7 women with hyperthyroid Graves' disease before treatment (stage I), just after the patients became euthyroid with anti-thyroid drug (stage II) and more than 2 months after the patients remained euthyroid (stage III). Serum T-chol, LDL-chol, PL and LDL levels were low at stage I, significantly elevated at stage II and then normalized at stage III. Transient but significant elevation of serum TG, VLDL and HDL-chol levels at stage II were also observed in men. Accelerated catabolism and anabolism of lipid has been reported in hyperthyroidism. Transient elevation of serum lipid levels suggests a more rapid improvement in catabolism than in anabolism of lipid in an early stage of the medical treatment for hyperthyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of meals and physical activity on blood pressure variability in elderly patients. A preliminary study.

Twenty-four-hour blood pressure (BP) was determined noninvasively in 11 ambulatory (active group, 78 +/- 2 years old) and 11 bedridden (passive group, 79 +/- 2 years old) elderly patients. Postprandial reduction in BP was evident in both groups. BP variability during the daytime was significantly greater in the active group than in the passive group. Consequently, only patients of the passive group showed a significant day-night difference in BP and a significant circadian rhythm of BP as well. We conclude the following: 1) postprandial reduction in BP contributes to BP variability during daytime in elderly patients, 2) the greater BP variability seen in ambulatory patients obscures the day-night rhythm of BP, and 3) the day-night rhythm of BP exists in bedridden patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

DOCA-salt treatment decreases serum total calcium but not ionized calcium concentrations in rats.

We examined whether or not DOCA-salt treatment to rats would decrease serum ionized calcium concentrations in relation to the enhanced hypotensive response to the calcium antagonist nifedipine. DOCA-salt treatment increased blood pressure and enhanced the hypotensive effects of nifedipine. Serum total calcium and albumin levels were clearly reduced, but the ionized fraction of calcium was not altered by treatment with DOCA-salt for 4 weeks. The total serum calcium concentration, but not the ionized calcium, significantly correlated with serum albumin in DOCA-salt rats. A reduction in serum ionized calcium may therefore not be induced by DOCA-salt treatment and may not be related to the enhanced depressor response to nifedipine.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Chloride ion plays an important role in sodium induced volume expansion in normal humans.

Eight normal women took part in a randomized crossover study to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with 105 mEq sodium chloride (NaCl) for 3 days or equimolar sodium citrate (NaCit) after salt depletion. NaCit supplement induced greater urinary sodium and potassium excretions than did the NaCl supplement (197 +/- 10 v 107 +/- 19 mEq/3 days for sodium, P less than .01, 130 +/- 7 v 96 +/- 6 mEq/3 days for potassium, P less than .01, respectively) and less body weight gain (+0.6 +/- 0.1 v +1.6 +/- 0.1 kg, P less than .01). Suppressions of plasma norepinephrine, renin activity and aldosterone concentration were significantly smaller with NaCit than with NaCl supplement. We conclude that the anionic component of sodium salts may have some effects on renal sodium handling and modulates volume expansion and humoral factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Lack of association between blood pressure and insulin in patients with insulinoma.

To investigate the hypothesis that insulin affects the regulation of blood pressure, blood pressure and fasting insulin and glucose levels were measured in seven patients with insulinoma both before and after resection of the insulinoma. The diagnosis of all insulinoma cases was confirmed during surgery. Before surgery, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 127 +/- 15 and 74 +/- 9 mmHg, respectively, and did not correlate with the fasting insulin levels. At least 3 weeks after the surgery, significant decreases in fasting insulin levels (from 568 +/- 571 to 74 +/- 43 pmol/l, P less than 0.005) and body weight (-9.8 +/- 7.1%, P less than 0.05) were observed along with a significant increase in fasting glucose levels (98.2 +/- 43.2%, P less than 0.001). However, both systolic (-4.7 +/- 9.9%) and diastolic (-0.2 +/- 6.3%) blood pressures remained unchanged. The changes in fasting insulin levels were not linearly correlated with those in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Even after the changes in both body weight and fasting glucose levels were taken into consideration using partial correlations, the changes in fasting insulin levels did not correlate with those in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. It was concluded that blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, was not at hypertensive levels in the patients with insulinoma and showed no decrease after resection of the insulinoma. Therefore, insulin may not affect the regulation of blood pressure in patients with insulinoma.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1990

Germanium dioxide-induced nephropathy: a new type of renal disease.

Chronic renal failure developed in 5 patients who were taking germanium dioxide (GeO2)-containing compounds. Renal functional deterioration was slow but progressive and dialysis treatment was necessitated temporarily in 2 patients. After the discontinuation of GeO2, the impaired renal function tended to improve but remained abnormal for an observation period of 10-40 months. The lack of proteinuria and hematuria was characterized as the clinical manifestations. Renal biopsy specimens revealed the tubular epithelial cell degeneration containing hematoxylin-positive fine granules on light microscopy, and electron-dense inclusions in the swollen mitochondria on electron microscopy. These findings localized mainly in distal segment of the tubules. In the rats given GeO2 orally for 10 weeks, similar histological lesions were evident, as manifested by marked weight loss, anemia, azotemia, and negative proteinuria. In the rats given carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide, these changes were not observed and Ge concentration of kidney was significantly lower than in the rats given GeO2. The present study indicates that chronic GeO2 intake causes progressive renal dysfunction characterized by the degeneration of distal tubules.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect of swimming exercise on the progress of renal dysfunction in rat with focal glomerulosclerosis.

The effect of exercise on the progression of experimental renal disease was studied in adriamycin (ADR)-treated rats, a model of sclerosing glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome. Two hours of daily swimming exercise was carried out for 20 weeks in ADR-treated male Lewis rats fed with either an ad libitum intake of regular chow (group 1) or a restricted amount of food (group 3), which was equal to the amount of food freely ingested by ADR-treated rats not undergoing swimming exercise (group 2). Group 3 resulted in a significantly lower serum creatinine, higher inulin clearance and lower glomerular sclerosis index compared to group 2. The progress of renal dysfunction did not differ significantly between group 1 and group 2. Hyperlipidemia, especially, hypertriglyceridemia was significantly lower in the exercise groups than in the sedentary group. Among all the rats, inulin clearance was inversely correlated with either cholesterol (r = 0.560, p less than 0.01) or triglyceride (r = 0.423, p less than 0.05) and the glomerular sclerosis index correlated positively with cholesterol (r = 0.599, p less than 0.005). Systolic blood pressure was 10 mm Hg lower in group 3 than in group 2 and the difference was significant. It is concluded that swimming exercise with a relative restriction of food intake can improve hyperlipidemia and prevent progressive renal dysfunction in ADR-induced nephritic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Correction of serious iron overload in a chronic hemodialysis patient by recombinant human erythropoietin and removal of red blood cells: confirmation by follow-up liver biopsy.

A chronic hemodialysis case, a 46-year-old woman with secondary hemosiderosis induced by parenteral iron and blood transfusion due to a refractory anemia, was effectively treated with recombinant human erythropoietin and the removal of red blood cells. The cumulative dose of the iron removed was 5,712 mg. Plasma ferritin decreased from 8,290 to 2,203 micrograms/l during 18 months. Concomitantly, liver histology performed before and after the therapy revealed a prominent regression of the deposited iron.

Anemia, Refractory↗
PubMed1990

Cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in patients with vascular dementia of the Binswanger type.

We performed clinical and neuroradiologic studies, including positron emission tomography, in five patients with vascular dementia of the Binswanger type. The clinical features of these cases consisted of slowly progressive dementia, together with vascular risk factors such as hypertension and often a history of minor stroke, and characteristic white matter lesions on brain computed tomograms or magnetic resonance images. Digital subtraction angiography of the cervical and intracranial arteries demonstrated no occlusive lesion in any patient. Both cerebral blood flow and the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen were markedly reduced in the white matter (54-77% of control values), and both were decreased in the parietal (73% of control), frontal (74-80%), and temporal (74-83%) cortices, where no abnormalities were detected by brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. We conclude that vascular dementia of the Binswanger type may be caused by disconnection between the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures due to ischemic damage in the white matter.

Aged↗