Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Fujishima

Publications and source records attributed to M Fujishima.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cerebrovascular responsiveness to hypercapnia in Alzheimer's dementia and vascular dementia of the Binswanger type.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Alzheimer's dementia is thought to be a primary degenerative dementia, whereas vascular dementia of the Binswanger type is an entity of vascular dementia. We evaluated the cerebrovascular responsiveness to hypercapnia to clarify the differences in the cerebral hemodynamics between two groups of patients. The subjects were eight younger control subjects, five age-matched control subjects, five Alzheimer's patients, and five patients with vascular dementia of the Binswanger type. SUMMARY OF REPORT: In the resting state, the regional cerebral blood flow was low in both Alzheimer's dementia and vascular dementia of the Binswanger type. The responsiveness to hypercapnia was preserved in Alzheimer's dementia, whereas it was impaired in vascular dementia of the Binswanger type in the cerebral cortices and in the deep white matter. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that small vascular lesions exist in vascular dementia of the Binswanger type but not in Alzheimer's dementia, even though regional cerebral blood flow was thought to decrease by hypometabolism in both types of dementia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence and etiology of dementia in a Japanese community.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to determine the type-specific prevalence of dementia and its risk factors in elderly persons from the Japanese community of Hisayama. METHODS: We studied the prevalence of dementia in 887 Hisayama residents (353 men and 534 women) aged 65 years or older (screening rate, 94.6%) using various items of clinical information, neurological examination, and dementia scales. We also studied brain morphology in 50 of 59 determined to have dementia by computed tomography or autopsy during the subsequent 54-month period. Factors relevant to dementia were compared between 27 patients with vascular dementia and 789 control subjects without dementia in a retrospective fashion. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of dementia among Hisayama residents aged 65 or older was estimated at 6.7%, with a females to males ratio of 1:2. Among 50 cases of dementia in which brain morphology was examined, the frequency of vascular dementia was 56%; this rate was 2.2 times higher than that for senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Aging, hypertension, electrocardiographic abnormalities, and high hematocrit were significantly (p less than 0.05) and independently associated with the occurrence of vascular dementia. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of dementia among the Hisayama residents was relatively identical to that previously reported, but vascular dementia was more predominant. Risk factors for vascular dementia were similar to those for lacunar infarcts. Control of hypertension may be a key to reducing dementia among the Japanese population.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Thyrotoxicosis with low serum total T3 level in patients with destructive thyroiditis and non-thyroidal illness.

The serum total T3 level, evaluated in 687 patients with thyrotoxicosis diagnosed by an elevated serum free T4 level and suppressed serum TSH level, was found to be high in 98.1% and normal in 1.9% of 592 patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism, and high in 75.8%, normal in 21.1% and low in 3.2% of 95 patients with destructive thyroiditis. Non-thyroidal illness was found in about a third of the patients with thyrotoxicosis and a normal serum total T3 level. The serum total T3 level was low with elevated serum thyroglobulin and reverse T3 levels in three patients with severe non-thyroidal illness, in whom the thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake was suppressed and the thyrotoxicosis resolved spontaneously with a normalization of the serum total T3 level after recovery from the destructive thyroiditis and non-thyroidal illness. It is therefore concluded that thyrotoxicosis with a low serum total T3 level, partially due to associated non-thyroidal illness, is more frequently found in patients with destructive thyroiditis than in those with Graves' hyperthyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Reversible primary hypothyroidism and elevated serum iodine level in patients with renal dysfunction.

Recovery of thyroid function in patients with both thyroid and renal dysfunction was studied. Among 245 patients with primary hypothyroidism (serum TSH greater than 10 mU/l), 36 had mild to severe renal dysfunction (serum urea nitrogen greater than 7.1 mmol/l and creatinine greater than 106 mumol/l). Of these 36 patients, recovery of the thyroid function after iodine restriction was observed in 30 (83%), in whom an elevated serum non-hormonal iodine level (median 236, range 67-15,591 micrograms/l, N = 19) and a high thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake (51.5 +/- 29.3% at 24 h, N = 26) were observed. The perchlorate discharge test was positive in 7 of 13 patients examined, suggesting an iodide organification defect rather than an atrophic or destructive change in the thyroid. Antithyroid antibodies were negative in 22 patients (73%) and an almost normal thyroid gland or colloid goitre was confirmed histologically in 8 of them. After a 13.2 mg potassium iodide loading test, 24 h urinary excretion of iodine was about 60% in normal controls, but only 10% in a different group of six euthyroid patients with renal dysfunction. These findings suggest that impaired renal handling of iodine rather than autoimmune mechanism may have a significant role in the pathogenesis of reversible hypothyroidism found in patients with renal dysfunction, probably through a prolonged Wolff-Chaikoff effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Meningioma developed 25 years after radiation therapy for Cushing's disease.

A 44-year-old woman who had been therapeutically irradiated with 45 Gy to the sellar lesion for Cushing's disease has been in remission for 25 years. A large but asymptomatic brain tumor was accidentally found in the right middle fossa by a routine follow-up computed tomography. Upon surgical removal of the tumor, the histology revealed a fibroblastic meningioma. Although the incidence of meningioma following irradiation to pituitary adenoma is rare, a follow-up computed tomography should be taken to any possible late onset, and curable complication.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Smoking as cardiovascular risk factor in low cholesterol population: the Hisayama Study.

Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases was studied in a long-term prospective population survey which has been carried out in a Japanese rural community, Hisayama. In this population, the incidence of thrombotic brain infarction (TBI) was much higher than that of coronary heart disease (CHD) over a 26-year follow-up period. Cigarette smoking was strongly related to the occurrence of CHD but not to TBI. Comparing the incidence of CHD and TBI between first or early cohort (1961-74) and second or recent cohort (1974-87) during the 13-year follow-up, the incidence remained unchanged for CHD, while it significantly decreased for TBI in recent population. The prevalence of cigarette smoking as well as hypertension decreased in recent years, while hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and glucose intolerance increased. Smoking is a major contributor to CHD for men in both cohorts, but it is not any more for women in the recent cohort.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Chronic cardiovascular effects of central vasopressin in conscious rats.

To clarify the cardiovascular effects of central vasopressin (AVP), a chronic intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of AVP was performed in conscious Wistar normotensive rats. Animals were divided into 3 groups: 1) AVP 1 ng/hr (Low), 2) AVP 100 ng/hr (High), and 3) saline (control) ICV infusion. After a 6 day control period, AVP or saline was continuously infused into the lateral cerebroventricle at a rate of 1 microliter/hr using osmotic minipump for 7 days. As a result, a dose-related elevation of AVP concentration in CSF was achieved. Systolic blood pressure in both Low and High AVP infusion was slightly (7-12 mmHg) but significantly higher than that in control. ICV infusion of AVP did not alter urine volume, electrolytes excretion or osmolality, and AVP vascular antagonist injected intravenously failed to affect mean arterial pressure. Furthermore, plasma catecholamines and renin activity did not differ significantly among the groups. Thus, chronic ICV infusion of AVP induced the elevation of blood pressure, which is due to centrally mediated effect of AVP.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cerebrospinal fluid sodium and enhanced hypertension in salt-loaded spontaneously hypertensive rats.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: The present study was designed to determine whether increases in sodium concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) play a role in the augmented hypertension induced by long-term salt loading in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and whether the enhanced arginine vasopressin (AVP) activity and/or the sympathetic nervous system contribute to the increased hypertension. METHODS: Measurement of CSF sodium concentration and systolic blood pressure of SHR during salt loading, with or without uninephrectomy, for 7 weeks. Assessment of the hypotensive response to AVP antagonist and hexamethonium, and the plasma levels of AVP and catecholamines. RESULTS: Salt-loading for 7 weeks led to gradual increase in hypertension in SHR. CSF sodium in the SHR was increased by a combination of uninephrectomy and saline-drinking after 7 weeks, but not 3 weeks. The difference in mean arterial pressure (MAP) among the three groups of SHR disappeared after the combined blockade of AVP and sympathetic nervous function. CSF sodium correlated with both resting MAP and the fall in MAP induced by the combined administration of AVP antagonist and hexamethonium. Plasma levels of AVP were significantly elevated in the salt-loaded uninephrectomized SHR. Plasma catecholamines did not change significantly as a result of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We tentatively conclude that chronic salt loading may lead to an increase in CSF sodium, in association with an enhancement of sympathetic nerve activity and, to some extent, of AVP release. These events may explain the augmented development of hypertension in SHR.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of a new calcium antagonist, manidipine, on the renal hemodynamics and the vasoactive humoral factors in patients with diabetes mellitus.

The effects of manidipine (10 mg/day for 7 days) on the renal hemodynamics and vasoactive humoral factors were examined in 6 adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). Mean duration of DM was 9 +/- 2 years; serum creatinine concentration was 0.9 +/- 0.04 mg/dL. Plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentration was 5.4 +/- 0.7 pg/mL before manidipine, compared with 1.9 +/- 0.2 pg/mL in 14 controls (p = 0.03%). Systolic and mean blood pressure decreased significantly during treatment without changes in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, or filtration fraction. Renal vascular resistance tended to decrease and fractional excretion of sodium significantly increased from 1.35 +/- 0.27% to 2.06 +/- 0.47 (p = 2.96%). ET-1 significantly decreased from 5.4 +/- 0.7 pg/mL to 3.5 +/- 0.6 (p = 2.95%), while plasma angiotensin II, atrial natriuretic factor, urinary excretion rate of ET-1, and albumin excretion rate did not change. Manidipine lowers blood pressure without adversely affecting renal function in diabetic patients. Manidipine, which lowers ET-1, may protect from progressive renal injury in diabetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Albuminuria is not an aggravating factor in experimental focal glomerulosclerosis and hyalinosis.

It is widely known that the severity of glomerular sclerosis is proportional to the degree and chronicity of proteinuria and that the degenerative changes of glomerular epithelial cells that are associated with overflow albuminuria can be experimentally induced by the injection of large quantities of heterologous albumin. Such evidence suggests that autologous albuminuria per se may have a harmful effect on the kidneys. To examine the cause and effect relationship between renal lesions and albuminuria, we produced Adriamycin-induced experimental focal glomerular sclerosis in Nagase analbuminemic (NA) rats and control Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and observed both the renal functional and histologic changes for 20 weeks. At week 4 after injection of Adriamycin glomerular epithelial lesions including foot process fusion were similarly revealed by an electron microscopic study in both groups in spite of the presence of a large difference in the amount of proteinuria (SD rats: 491 +/- 84 mg/day, NA rats: 43 +/- 30 mg/day) and albuminuria (SD rats: 383 +/- 73 mg/day, NA rats: 2 +/- 1 mg/day). At week 20, a light microscopic study showed the same degree of glomerular sclerosis and hyalinosis and tubulointerstitial changes associated with a decrease in inulin clearance in both groups. The increased glomerular accumulation of immunoglobulin M or complement 3 and glomerular trapping of aggregated human immunoglobulin G were also similar between the SD and NA groups. In summary, renal destruction of Adriamycin-nephropathy was not dependent on the degree of albuminuria. These results suggest that albuminuria is not an aggravating factor in focal glomerulosclerosis.

Albumins↗
PubMed1992

[A case of idiopathic hemochromatosis associated with gastric cancer].

A 76-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of general fatigue in June 1987. He had received total gastrectomy against gastric carcinoma two years previously. The examinations revealed the elevation of GOT, GPT and gamma-GTP, and increased CT number of the liver. Specimen of the liver biopsy showed deposition of iron and slight fibrosis. He was diagnosed as idiopathic hemochromatosis. He was given deferoxamine, and his elevated GOT, GPT and gamma-GTP were normalized. Idiopathic hemochromatosis is frequently associated with various malignancies including hepatic carcinoma. However, only a few cases of idiopathic hemochromatosis associated with gastric carcinoma have been reported.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[A comparison of community-acquired lung infection and nosocomial infection--review of autopsy cases in Hisayama town].

All people in Hisayama town who died either at home or in hospital are autopsied in Kyushu University Hospital. We examined the incidence and the pathogen of community-acquired lung infection and nosocomial infection from the records of 463 autopsy cases from 1977 to 1988. Of these cases, 243 died at home. Among them, pulmonary infections were present in 122 cases (50.2%), and pulmonary infection was the cause of death in 87 cases (35.8%). Of 220 cases that died in hospital, pulmonary infections were present in 133 cases (60.5%) and were the cause of death in 83 cases (37.7%). In the cases that died at home, the incidence of pulmonary infections during the first 6-year period of the study was almost the same as that during the last 6 years. In the case that died in hospital, the incidence of pulmonary infections during the last 6-year period was higher than that during the first 6-year period. Regarding the pathogenic organisms of the fungal infections, only Candida was detected in case that died at home, while Candida, Aspergillus and Cryptococcus were detected in the case that died in hospital.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of the properties of ribonucleases in human liver tissue and serum.

Two ribonucleases (RNases) with acidic pH optima were partially purified, one from normal human liver tissue and the other from serum. The properties of the two enzymes were studied and compared. Liver RNase was partially purified about 700-fold by acid fractionation, phosphocellulose column chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, and polyguanylate affinity column chromatography. Serum RNase was purified about 1200-fold by phosphocellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. The two RNases showed a similar optimal pH and molecular mass, and similar behaviour towards metal ions, but they differed in their substrate specificity. Liver RNase displayed a higher activity towards polyuridylate (poly(U)) than towards polycytidylate (poly(C)), while serum RNase hydrolysed poly(C) more rapidly than poly(U). These findings suggest that liver RNase is not the primary source of the serum RNase with an acidic pH optimum.

Cations↗
PubMed1992

Exposure to hepatitis B virus in the general population of Hisayama, Japan: significance of isolated antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen in general population.

Cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of hepatitis B serological markers was performed in 2,411 residents who accounted for 74.4% of the population aged 40 and over and living in Hisayama Town, Japan, in 1983. Overall prevalences were 40.7% for both anti-HBs and anti-HBc, 6.1% for isolated anti-HBs and 5.4% for isolated anti-HBc. The condition with isolated anti-HBs was different from those with isolated anti-HBc and both anti-HBc and anti-HBs as follows. The titer of anti-HBs in isolated anti-HBs positive samples was significantly lower than that in both anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive ones (46.2 +/- 5.4 vs. 83.2 +/- 2.8, mean +/- SE, p less than 0.001). The presence of isolated anti-HBs was neither significantly more frequent in males nor related to the risk of liver damages in contrast with that of anti-HBc with or without anti-HBs. These findings suggest that isolated anti-HBs pattern with the absence of anti-HBc in general population was not due to prior HBV infection, but due to natural immunization with HBsAg.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen carriers and liver damages in the general population of Hisayama, Japan.

The prevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers and liver damages were studied in 2,411 residents aged 40 and over and living in Hisayama, Japan in 1983. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) associated markers were all measured by radioimmunoassay. HBsAg carriers were found in 2.3 per cent of the residents. Hepatitis B e antigen and antibody to hepatitis B e antigen were positive in 8.9 per cent and 80.4 per cent, respectively, of HBsAg carriers. The prevalences of liver damages in HBsAg carriers were compared with 1095 who had none of HBV markers (neither anti-HBc nor anti-HBs). The prevalences of abnormal aminotransferase level in sera were not different between HBsAg carriers and those who had none of HBV markers. A history of jaundice and/or hepatitis was evident in 32.3 per cent of male carriers and 24.0 per cent of female ones, being significantly more than those without HBV markers (13.1 per cent and 5.8 per cent, p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.005, respectively). These results indicate that, among HBsAg carriers aged 40 and over, few have active clinical signs of hepatitis, although about 20 per cent of them have histories of symptomatic hepatitis due to hepatitis B.

Adult↗