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Biomedical subjects

M Fujishima

Publications and source records attributed to M Fujishima.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Circadian blood pressure variation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with nephropathy.

We studied a circadian blood pressure variation in relation to the progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Age, duration of diabetes, body mass index and glycemic control did not differ among the groups of patients with normo-, micro- and macroalbuminuria. None of the patients received antihypertensive drugs. There were no differences in renal and autonomic functions between normo- and microalbuminuric groups, but these functions were impaired in the macroalbuminuric group. The rise in blood pressure was more apparent in 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (AMBP), especially during night-time, as compared with casual blood pressure. Such blood pressure rise was in accordance with the progression of nephropathy. However, pulse rate did not differ among the three groups. The nocturnal fall in blood pressure was blunted in the micro- and macroalbuminuria groups, but evident in the normoalbuminuric group. In the latter, daytime systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly higher than night-time SBP (123 +/- 5 mmHg vs. 113 +/- 3 mmHg, P = 0.002). In contrast, in the former two groups of patients, there were no significant differences in SBP between daytime and night-time (134 +/- 9 mmHg vs. 134 +/- 9 mmHg, ns, for microalbuminuria and 159 +/- 8 mmHg vs. 165 +/- 7 mmHg, ns, for macroalbuminuria). Urinary albumin excretion was significantly correlated with night-time SBP (r = 0.48, P = 0.015), but not with daytime SBP (r = 0.30, ns).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1994

Intestinal lymphangiectasia: value of double-contrast radiographic study.

Intestinal lymphangiectasia is a disorder presenting as enteric protein loss through the dilated lymphatics without mucosal ulceration. To determine the double-contrast radiographic features and to assess the significance of them, five patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia were examined using single- and double-contrast small intestinal studies. The double-contrast examinations demonstrated clearly the main radiographic findings of smooth nodular protrusions, thickening of the mucosal folds, with no evidence of mucosal ulceration. Compared with the single-contrast study, smooth nodular protrusions were seen more often and in more widespread segments, particularly in the duodenum, on double-contrast study. Thickening of the mucosal folds was revealed similarly by both methods. Double-contrast study appears to be worthwhile to demonstrate the characteristic radiographic findings of this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Increased expression of Na+/H+ exchanger in the injured renal tissues of focal glomerulosclerosis in rats.

The renal mRNA expression of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) and the effects of NHE inhibitor, amiloride, on renal injury were investigated in adriamycin (ADR)-induced glomerulosclerosis model in rats, which progressively developed extensive glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. NHE-1 mRNA from the cortex of the ADR rats progressively increased at weeks 4 and 8 and then peaked at week 16, which paralleled with the degree of glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. The interstitial fibrosis in the ADR-rats was prevented by a daily administration of amiloride. A simultaneous analysis of the effects of a high salt diet on NHE-1 mRNA expression or renal injury was performed in the ADR rats at weeks 2 and 8. Renal or glomerular hypertrophy was observed in the control or ADR rats fed an 8% NaCl diet at week 2 and 8 compared to a 1% NaCl diet, while the NHE-1 mRNA expression was not up-regulated by an 8% NaCl diet at week 2. At week 8, the NHE-1 mRNA expression or glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis were enhanced in the ADR rats fed an 8% NaCl diet compared to a 1% NaCl diet. This histological aggravation by an 8% NaCl diet was prevented by a daily administration of amiloride but not by furosemide. In conclusion, the increased NHE-1 mRNA expression and the preventive effects of amiloride on the renal lesions suggest a potential importance of NHE in the progressive process of ADR-nephropathy. The high salt diet had a hypertrophic and destructive effect on kidney or glomeruli in the ADR rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amiloride↗
PubMed1994

TGF-beta 1 in glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis of adriamycin nephropathy.

The role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) for renal injury was investigated in the chronic model of progressive renal disease in rats induced by the injection of adriamycin. The renal cortical tissues were sampled at weeks 4, 8 and 16 for histological examination, either cortical or glomerular cell culture, and RNA extraction. A progressive increase in fibronectin synthesis was found in metabolically labeled cortical or glomerular culture at week 8 or 16, correlating with the degree of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. TGF-beta bioassay (mink lung epithelial cell assay) showed a progressive increase in latent TGF-beta secretion from cortex and glomeruli, while the amount of active TGF-beta was small. The peak of latent TGF-beta levels at week 16 coincided with the intense TGF-beta 1 staining of inflammatory cells dispersed in the interstitium and glomeruli. Northern blotting demonstrated the difference in the mRNA expression patterns of TGF-beta 1 and latent TGF-beta 1 binding protein (LTBP) in the cortex. TGF-beta 1 mRNA was constantly high throughout the experiment, while LTBP mRNA increased progressively and reached a peak at week 16. Furthermore, mRNA levels of fibronectin, procollagen alpha 2(I), and TGF-beta type II and type III receptors increased progressively in a similar pattern to the renal histological changes. These temporal and spacial relationships between the renal histological changes and the increased expression of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta receptors may thus suggest that TGF-beta 1 plays an important role in the process of the renal fibrosis and sclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A high prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type I carriers in patients with antithyroid antibodies.

Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a causative retrovirus of adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma and HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. HTLV-I is also associated with some forms of pulmonary alveolitis, chronic arthropathy, polymyositis, and uveitis. In this study, the possible role of HTLV-I infection in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases with positive antithyroid antibody (ATA) to microsomal antigen or thyroglobulin was evaluated. In Fukuoka Prefecture or the northern part of Kyushu Island located in the southwestern part of Japan, the prevalence of patients with HTLV-I antibody was screened using the particle agglutination test and then was further confirmed either by the indirect immunofluorescence method or the western blot method. The observed prevalence in patients with thyroid disorders and the estimated prevalence calculated considering the sex- and age-specific prevalence among healthy blood donors (n = 16,008) were as follows: 19 (7.4%) vs 7.8 (3.0%) (p < 0.001) for ATA-positive chronic thyroiditis (n = 257), 21 (7.0%) vs 6.6 (2.2%) (p < 0.001) for ATA-positive Graves' disease (n = 298), 4 (4.3%) vs 2.1 (2.2%) (ns) for ATA-negative Graves' disease (n = 94), 1 (2.9%) vs 1.1 (3.1%) (ns) in ATA-negative hypothyroidism (n = 35), and 3 (1.8%) vs 5.0 (2.9%) (ns) for ATA-negative nodular goiter (n = 170). These findings thus suggest that HTLV-I infection may have some relationship to ATA-positive thyroid disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Case report: Wegener's granulomatosis accompanied by communicating hydrocephalus.

A case of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) accompanied by communicating hydrocephalus is described. An elderly woman with rapidly progressive renal failure was referred to the authors' hospital. Renal histologic study showed necrotizing granulomatous glomerulonephritis with some multinucleated giant cells, which suggested a diagnosis of WG. After admission, a gait disturbance, incontinence, and dementia developed in the patient. Diagnostic procedures including lumbar puncture, computed tomography (CT), and scintigraphy showed findings compatible with communicating hydrocephalus with a normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. Removal of 20 mL of CSF led to a marked improvement in symptoms. Because the presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningitis, and brain tumor was excluded, the final diagnosis was communicating hydrocephalus secondary to WG.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Gastrointestinal manifestations of Cowden's disease. Report of four cases.

Four patients with an established diagnosis of Cowden's disease underwent barium meal study, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, barium enema examination, and colonoscopy. In three, the esophagus was affected by small protrusions, which were diagnosed as glycogenic acanthosis. Numerous hyperplastic polyps were found in the stomach in three patients, and in one an inflammatory fibroid polyp was also detected. Either lymphangiectasia or lymphoid polyps were found in the duodenum in two patients. In all patients, the colon showed polyps that varied in histology and included adenoma, hamartomatous polyp, and ganglioneurofibroma. In addition, jejunal lymphangiomas were found in one of the three patients in whom the small intestine could be precisely evaluated. These findings suggest that the gastrointestinal involvement in Cowden's disease is characterized by various benign lesions, especially esophageal glycogenic acanthosis, numerous gastric hyperplastic polyps, and multiple hamartomatous polyps in the rectosigmoid colon. Detection of these gastrointestinal manifestations may lead to early diagnosis of this potentially malignant disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Gastrointestinal involvement in tuberous sclerosis. Two case reports.

Two patients with tuberous sclerosis had multiple semispherical polyps in the large intestine, predominantly in the rectosigmoid colon. These were hamartomas with an excess of smooth muscle fibers in the stroma. In addition, the 21-year-old man had multiple tiny protrusions in the esophagus and oral fibroepithelial polyps. In the 31-year-old woman, who had pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis with positive estrogen and progesterone receptors, hamartomatous gastric polyps, colonic leiomyoma, and adenomatous rectal polyps were also identified. Our findings suggest that gastrointestinal polyposis may be one of the phenotypes of tuberous sclerosis complex, possibly linking this disease with other hereditary polyposis syndromes.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Susceptibility to neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetes in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We studied the difference in the susceptibility to neonatal streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Two-day-old female SHR and WKY were injected intraperitoneally with 75.0 mg/kg of STZ or vehicle for control. Hyperglycemia developed in both strains at 4 days of age, but SHR were more hyperglycemic. Overt hyperglycemia developed in SHR with aging after a partial recovery from initial hyperglycemia at 10 days of age, whereas WKY did not develop significant hyperglycemia except shortly after STZ treatment. Percentage of insulin-positive B cells in total islet cells and pancreatic immunoreactive insulin (IRI) content were measured at 4 days, 10 days, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks of age. B cells per islet and pancreatic IRI content were significantly reduced in STZ-treated groups as compared with control in both SHR and WKY at 4 days of age, but later they increased significantly with aging in both strains. However, the reduction in pancreatic IRI content relative to control was significantly greater in SHR than in WKY from 4 days (-94.5 +/- 3.5%, -84.1 +/- 4.8%; p < 0.01) to 12 weeks (-97.1 +/- 2.1%, -28.0 +/- 2.5%; p < 0.05), and the reduction in B cells per islet was also greater in SHR at 4 weeks of age. These results indicated that the initial destruction of pancreatic B cells induced by STZ was greater, and the following regeneration was less in SHR than in WKY. The association of the susceptibility to neonatal STZ diabetes with the development of genetic hypertension in SHR remained to be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effects of diet on experimentally induced intestinal ulcers in rats: morphology and tissue leukotrienes.

The effects of dietary pretreatment on longitudinal ulcers of the intestine induced by indomethacin given intracolonically were investigated in rats. The rats were pretreated with either standard diet or liquid meals. Intracolonic indomethacin (24 mg/kg/day) given for two days produced longitudinal ulcers and small scattered ulcers in the small intestine in the control rats that were receiving standard pelleted formula. Three days pretreatment with one of two types of liquid meals, low residual diet (LRD) or elemental diet (ED), significantly reduced the incidence (3% in ED group and 0% in the LRD group) and the length of the longitudinal ulcers in the small intestine. The caecum was affected in each dietary pretreatment group (67% in controls, 80% in LRD group, and 69% in ED group). Colonic ulcers that were located in a longitudinal fashion were found in 42% of LRD group, while these ulcers were less frequently found in the ED group (13%) and controls (0%). Development of ulcers in the caecum and in the colon of rats in ED and LRD groups was more delayed than that of small intestinal ulcers of control rats. In another experiment, pretreatment by ED significantly increased colonic tissue leukotriene B4 concentration when compared with that of controls. These findings suggest that the site of experimental enteropathy induced by indomethacin given intracolonically can be modified by dietary pretreatment. This animal model can be available for investigating differences in the pathophysiology of enteropathy according to the site of involvement.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Progressive encephalopathy in a Crohn's disease patient on long-term total parenteral nutrition: possible relationship to selenium deficiency.

The case of a patient with Crohn's disease complicated by progressive and irreversible encephalopathy, who had been on long-term total parenteral nutrition due to short bowel syndrome, is described. He initially experienced a disturbance of his vision, which was followed by various neurological symptoms during the next 3 years. These symptoms rapidly progressed until he finally developed consciousness disturbance. He also manifested erythrocytic macrocytosis, a low serum level of tri-iodothyronine and a high level of thyroxine. His blood levels of various trace minerals and vitamins were normal, except for selenium, which showed extremely low values. In addition, impaired plasma glutathione peroxidase activity was confirmed. After intravenous supplementation of selenium, macrocytosis, tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine values, and glutathione peroxidase activity all became normalized, yet he improved little neurologically. Our case suggests that long-term selenium deficiency may cause progressive and irreversible encephalopathy, and that careful monitoring of this mineral is necessary when an excessive period of total parenteral nutrition is being considered in the clinical setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Gastrointestinal amyloidosis: radiologic features by chemical types.

PURPOSE: To determine the correlation between the radiographic and histologic findings of amyloidosis according to chemical type of amyloid protein. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 49 patients with amyloidosis were examined radiographically, and gastrointestinal tract biopsy specimens were studied histologically. RESULTS: Considerable differences were found between amyloid proteins. On immunohistochemical studies, amyloid A produced a coarse mucosal pattern with innumerable fine granular elevations, which reflected expansion of the lamina propria by amyloid deposits. Polypoid protrusions and invariable thickening of the folds were evident only in light chain protein, correlating with massive amyloid deposits in the muscularis mucosae and submucosa. beta 2-Microglobulin produced marked delay in transit time and dilatation of the small and large intestines, relating to extensive amyloid deposits in the muscularis propria. The prevalence of these radiographic changes was highest in the small intestine for every chemical type. CONCLUSION: Characteristic radiographic changes of each chemical type of amyloid protein can be detected well in the small intestine.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Crohn disease: early recognition and progress of aphthous lesions.

PURPOSE: To clarify the radiographic appearance of the initial change an dprogression in Crohn disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1984 and 1992, nine patients (seven men and two women, aged 16-34 years; mean, 20 years) with Crohn disease, who had evidence of only aphthous erosions or ulcers at the initial examination, underwent repeated radiography for up to 7 years 11 months (median, 4 years). RESULTS: In all patients, the stomach, duodenum, small intestine, and colorectum were involved, and the esophagus was affected in three patients. Subsequently, four of the nine patients had lesions that progressed from aphthous lesions to overt Crohn disease, including ileitis in two patients, colitis in one, and ileocolitis in one. Time intervals between the first visit and the progression varied from 9 months to 3 years 6 months. In all eight patients who underwent nutritional treatment, regression of the lesions was recognized, but three of the lesions progressed during interruption of the nutritional diet. CONCLUSION: Crohn disease may initially appear as diffuse aphthous lesions in the gastrointestinal mucosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Mucosal prolapse syndrome: diagnosis with endoscopic US.

PURPOSE: To determine the value of endoscopic ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of mucosal prolapse syndrome (MPS), also known as solitary ulcer of the rectum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three male and two female patients (age range, 17-66 years) with biopsy-proved MPS underwent endoscopic US. The average rectal wall thicknesses of the affected areas were compared with those of normal-appearing mucosa. RESULTS: The gross appearance of the rectal lesions was classified into three types: polypoid (n = 2), flat (n = 1), and ulcerative (n = 2). In all three types of lesions, endoscopic US demonstrated smooth, diffuse thickening of the third layer of the rectal wall; the other layers had minimal thickening. Neither a solid hypoechoic mass nor a transmural infiltrating lesion was visible, and the five-layer structure of the rectal wall was completely preserved. In the polypoid lesions, the third layer was winding as well as thickened, and microcystic components were occasionally found. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic US enabled differentiation of MPS from other conditions such as malignant neoplasia and Crohn disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Naloxone augments sympathetic outflow induced by centrally administered endothelin in conscious rabbits.

We examined the role of endogenous opioids in cardiovascular and neurohormonal responses to intracerebroventricular (icv) endothelin-1 (ET-1) in conscious rabbits. With or without pretreatment with intravenous naloxone (1 mg/kg), the effects of icv ET-1 (25 pmol/kg) on cardiovascular and neurohormonal responses were examined. ET-1 (icv) caused significant increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), plasma catecholamines, and vasopressin levels. Naloxone pretreatment significantly augmented the increases in MAP and RSNA induced by icv ET-1. To clarify the mechanism of these effects, we also examined the effects of naloxone and naloxone methobromide, which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, on baroreceptor reflex. Intravenous naloxone (1 mg/kg) attenuated the baroreflex sensitivity assessed by RSNA (Smax: -9.9 +/- 1.7 vs. -6.9 +/- 1.2, P < 0.01); however, intravenous naloxone methobromide failed to alter the baroreflex sensitivity. Furthermore, in sinoaortic-denervated rabbits, naloxone pretreatment did not affect the increase in MAP induced by (icv) ET-1. These results suggest that intravenous naloxone acts in the central nervous system to attenuate the baroreflex sensitivity, which might augment the increases in MAP and RSNA induced by icv ET-1 in conscious rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Alpha tocopherol improves focal glomerulosclerosis in rats with adriamycin-induced progressive renal failure.

The effect of d-alpha-tocopherol on the progression of renal dysfunction was investigated in rats injected with adriamycin (ADR), a model of progressive glomerulosclerosis associated with the nephrotic syndrome. Treatment with d-alpha-tocopherol was started 1 day before or 1 day after ADR injections (BE-TOC or AF-TOC rats). When compared to rats without d-alpha-tocopherol treatment (ADR-CON rats), the serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the BE-TOC and AF-TOC groups. In week 16, the LDL cholesterol level and the atherogenic index were both significantly lower in BE-TOC and AF-TOC rats than in ADR-CON rats. The urinary protein, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, malondialdehyde, and systolic blood pressure levels as well as the glomerulosclerosis score were high in ADR-CON rats, and reduced in BE-TOC or AF-TOC rats. There were no significant differences in body weight and serum albumin between the three groups in week 16. It is concluded that d-alpha-tocopherol can improve hyperlipidemia and ameliorate glomerulosclerosis in rats with ADR-induced progressive renal failure. Thus, d-alpha-tocopherol may have the potential for clinical application to treat focal glomerulosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Changing patterns in the prevalence of dementia in a Japanese community: the Hisayama study.

We compared type-specific prevalences of dementia between two surveys of Hisayama residents > or = 65 years old conducted in 1985 and 1992. The overall age-adjusted prevalence was greatly decreased from 5.4% in 1985 to 3.3% in 1992 for men, while it was changed little from 7.5 to 6.3% for women. The prevalence of vascular dementia (VD) decreased during the intervening 7 years in men but not in women. The prevalence of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) was the same in either sex. The ratio of VD to SDAT prevalence was 1.8 in 1985 but fell to 1.1 in 1992. The background factors responsible for this change are discussed.

Age Distribution↗