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Biomedical subjects

M Fujimura

Publications and source records attributed to M Fujimura.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Inhibitory effects of rhIL-1 beta pretreatment on bleomycin-induced pneumonitis in mice].

We studied the effects of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta (rhIL-1 beta) pretreatment on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pneumonitis in mice. Lung injury was dose-dependently induced by BLM (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg i.v.). The mice were pretreated with IL-1 (1 microgram/mouse i.p.) at 0.5, 6, 12 or 24 hours before the administration of BLM. Wet lung weight, lung weight-to-body weight ratio and bronchoalveolar lavage cell findings were analyzed with respect to time, and lung specimens on day 28 after administration of BLM were histopathologically examined. When mice were pretreated with IL-1 at 0.5 hr or 6 hr before the administration of BLM, changes in all the parameters were significantly suppressed. The results indicate that IL-1 pretreatment protects mice from BLM-induced pneumonitis and its effects are time-dependent.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Three cases of minocycline-induced pneumonitis].

All three patients complained of cough, fever and dyspnea. Their chest X-ray films revealed interstitial changes such as Kerley B lines. The results of lymphocyte stimulation tests were all negative for Minocycline (MINO), whereas the provocation tests were all positive in three cases. The onsets of symptoms appeared 7, 12 and 9 hours after administration of MINO respectively, which suggested type III allergy in terms of the latency period. In cases No. 1 and No. 3, lung tissue specimens obtained by transbronchial biopsy showed findings of mild acute eosinophilic pneumonia. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of case No. 3 showed eosinophilia. On diagnosing MINO-induced pneumonitis, the lymphocyte stimulation test is not always beneficial, whereas the provocation test is supposed to be a safe and sure method.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A case report and literature review of acute eosinophilic pneumonia].

Although chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is a well-known disorder, acute eosinophilic pneumonia has not been as well described. We described the clinical features of two patients with acute eosinophilic pneumonia. The patients presented with an acute onset of high fever, severe hypoxemia and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. Eosinophilic pneumonia was diagnosed by bronchoalveolar-lavage and confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy. We believe that we have described an acute type of eosinophilic lung disorder which can not be applied to Crofton's classification of PIE, so we reviewed previously reported cases of acute eosinophilic pneumonia and tried to summarize their clinicopathological features. We also emphasized the existence of eosinophil infiltration into the bronchial wall in Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Extremely low birth-weight infant with hydrocephalus; management of hydrocephalus using a miniature Ommaya's reservoir].

Use of the miniature Ommaya's reservoir in the treatment of extremely low birth-infant (under 1,000 mg) with hydrocephalus was studied in a series of five patients. The reservoir has a small-caliber with a 3 cm ventricular catheter. For these infants, this miniature Ommaya's reservoir is extremely useful for protection of the cortical mantle until a definitive procedure can be carried out after increase of body weight. The clinical course in five cases are summarized.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure↗
PubMed1991

[A case of congenital bronchial atresia with obstructive pneumonia accompanied with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage].

A 25-year-old male was admitted with productive cough and an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray film which showed a cylindrical shadow near the left hilum and consolidation in the markedly hyperlucent left upper lung field. The cylindrical shadow appeared to be located in left S1+2 but bronchographic examination showed independence of the branches of B1+2. Furthermore, pulmonary venography by DSA showed that the left upper pulmonary vein entered the left brachiocephalic vein. The patient underwent left partial lobectomy under a diagnosis of congenital bronchial atresia with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Pathological examination of the resected lung revealed obstructive pneumonia in the over-inflated lung zone, probably induced through collateral airways.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

[Late asthmatic response by recruitment of homocytotropic antibody from circulating blood to the airway wall in guinea pig].

Many reports have been published about the late asthmatic response (LAR) of animal model. But most of the animals used were sensitized actively and it is considered generally that it is impossible to generate LAR in passively sensitized animals, especially in guinea pig. About the mechanism of LAR, most discussion are focused on airway hyperreactivity, inflammation and chemical mediators. But little is known about the direct initiator of the late phase bronchoconstriction. Instead of the circulating antibody which is generated by antibody producing cells in actively sensitized animals, anti-serum was administered to guinea pigs intravenously as passive sensitization fifteen minutes prior to antigen inhalation. Four to eight hours after antigen inhalation, we investigated bronchoconstriction. Eight hours after antigen challenge, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were performed. In the BAL fluid, macrophages decreased and neutrophils increased significantly. These results suggest that LAR can occur without airway inflammation and the inflammation might be the result of antigen-antibody reaction at the airway wall, and that the direct initiator of late phase bronchoconstriction might be the recruitment of homocytotropic antibody from circulating blood to the airway wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[A case of leiomyoma of the intermediate bronchus].

Leiomyoma of the trachea and bronchus is a rare tumor. Only 45 cases have been reported in the Japanese literature. We report here a case of leiomyoma of the intermediate bronchus which was successfully operated on. A 45-year-old man suffered from a repeated episode of pneumonia in the right lower lobe. Bronchoscopy revealed a polypoid mass on the intermediate bronchus. The diagnosis of leiomyoma was made by bronchoscopic biopsy. Sleeve resection of the intermediate bronchus including the tumor and end-to-end anastomosis was performed. His postoperative course was uneventful and bronchoscopic findings showed clear healing of the anastomotic site. The resected specimen contained a tumor with smooth surface having protrusion into the bronchial lumen with 6 x 5 x 4 mm in size. The final pathological diagnosis was leiomyoma of the intermediate bronchus with no evidence of malignancy.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1991

[A clinical study in postoperative bile excretion of cefuzonam].

We investigated the postoperative bile excretion and serum concentration of cefuzonam (CZON) in 6 cholecystectomized patients with postsurgical biliary drainage. CZON was administered intravenously by infusion at a dose of 1.0 g immediately following the operation. Serum and bile concentrations of CZON were determined on the day of the operation and the second day after the operation. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum concentrations of CZON were at their highest levels at 30 minutes after administration of CZON. Levels were 45.8 +/- 13.8 micrograms/ml on the day of the operation and 60.9 +/- 12.2 micrograms/ml on the second postsurgical day. 2. Bile concentration peaked 1 hour after administration (4,083 +/- 1,427 micrograms/ml on the day of the operation and 4,376 +/- 630 micrograms/ml on the second postsurgical day). In particular, bile concentrations of CZON at 6 hours (259 +/- 140 micrograms/ml and 154 +/- 23 micrograms/ml) exceeded MIC80 of CZON against Gram-negative bacteria except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 3. Serum and bile concentrations were higher on the second postsurgical day than on the day of the operation, but the differences between these 2 days were not significant. These results have indicated that CZON is a useful drug with excellent bile excretion following cholecystectomy, and that bile concentrations of CZON are maintained at high levels for 6 hours after intravenous administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A pilot study of surfactant inhalation in the treatment of asthmatic attack.

The pulmonary surfactant is thought to be important in the stability of the small airways. In this study, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether surfactant inhalation has a therapeutic effect in asthmatic attack. Eleven patients with asthmatic attack whose conditions were stable for at least six hours before the study were randomly assigned to placebo or surfactant inhalation. Respiratory function tests and blood gas analysis were performed before and 20 minutes after the treatment. After placebo administration, no significant change was observed from baseline in pulmonary functions. After surfactant administration (1 ml; 10 mg per milliliter), respiratory functions were markedly improved in all patients. The mean (+/- SE) change in the FVC, FEV1.0, MMF, delta N2 and PaO2 was, respectively, an increase of 11.7 +/- 1.3% (p less than 0.001), an increase of 27.3 +/- 4.4% (p less than 0.05), an increase of 33.3 +/- 4.7% (p less than 0.05), a decrease of 31 +/- 8.4% (p less than 0.05) and an increase of 13.4 +/- 0.8% (p less than 0.05). No difference was detected in PaCO2 after surfactant inhalation. This study indicates that airway surfactant is involved in the pathogenesis of bronchoobstruction of the patients with asthma.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

Mechanism of inhibitory action of peptide YY on cholecystokinin-induced contractions of isolated dog ileum.

In isolated canine ileal longitudinal muscle preparations, cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) produced a concentration-dependent contraction, which was suppressed by peptide YY (PYY) and was abolished by tetrodotoxin and atropine. PYY was approximately 2200-times as potent as CR1505, a CCK-receptor antagonist. PYY opposed the action of CCK-8 to a greater extent than that of nicotine and transmural electrical stimulation. Acetylcholine-induced contractions were not influenced by PYY. It seems likely that the CCK-8-induced ileal muscle contraction is associated with an activation of CCK receptors in cholinergic nerves, which generates nerve action potentials and releases acetylcholine, whereas CCK-8 acts on CCK receptors in gallbladder smooth muscle, producing contractions. It may be concluded that PYY inhibits the action of CCK-8 on ileal muscle strips, by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine from cholinergic nerve terminals. On the other hand, in the gallbladder, PYY does not appear to block cholinergic nerve function.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effect of amnionitis on the complement system of preterm infants.

The development of the complement system was studied by quantitation of total hemolytic complement activity (CH50), C1q, C3, C4, and C3 split product (C3d) in cord plasma of nine human fetuses (17-22 weeks of gestation), 110 preterm (24-36 weeks of gestation) and 30 term neonates. The complement levels were analyzed in relation to various illnesses of preterm infants. Histological examination of the placenta revealed a higher incidence of amnionitis in the placenta of less than 34 gestational weeks. In cases without amnionitis, there were significant correlations between complement levels and gestational age. In cases with amnionitis, the complement system was activated even in infants of less than 28 weeks gestation. The complement levels correlated with the extent of the inflammation in the placentas and umbilical cords except for C1q. In infants with Wilson-Mikity syndrome, complement levels other than C1q were significantly elevated in comparison with those of infants with respiratory distress syndrome. In the group of preterm infants without amnionitis, no differences were found between infants with intrauterine growth retardation and those with growth appropriate for gestational age.

Chorioamnionitis↗
PubMed1990

Intestinal phase of pancreatic polypeptide release: the effect of segmental perfusion of the small intestine with various secretagogues.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various nutrients perfused selectively into isolated sections of the small intestine on the release of pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Six dogs were prepared with chronic gastric, duodenal, and three permanent intestinal fistulas (one distal to the ligament of Treitz, one in the terminal ileum, and one halfway between). After a 24-h fast, the duodenum was perfused for 45 min (200 ml/h) via the duodenal limb with HCl (30 mM), an amino acid solution (50 mM), or sodium oleate (NaO, 40 mM). In separate studies, the jejunal and ileal segments were isolated by inflating two balloon catheters via the intestinal fistula, and these segments were perfused as described earlier. Plasma PP, cholecystokinin (CCK)-33, and secretin levels were measured. Results of this study showed that the perfusion of all segments of the small intestine with amino acid caused a significant elevation of plasma PP levels. Perfusion of the duodenum and jejunum but not the ileum with a fatty acid resulted in a significant elevation of plasma levels of PP. Perfusion of HCl into any segment did not affect plasma levels of PP. This study shows that PP is released by the presence of nutrients in all segments of the small intestine, and that a PP elevation was always accompanied with a rise in plasma levels of CCK-33.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Congenital bronchobiliary fistula in adults.

Congenital bronchobiliary fistula is a rare malformation. We have presented a case that was diagnosed and treated successfully in an adult. The diagnosis was made by bronchoscopy and bronchography. After excision of the fistula the patient recovered completely. For each patient in whom this anomaly is suspected, bronchoscopy and bronchography are useful for diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cutaneous involvement as a presenting feature of monocytic leukemia: morphological and immunohistochemical studies.

The clinical and pathological findings in a patient with monocytic aleukemic leukemia presenting initially as multiple monoblastic tumors of the skin is described. The patient was a 35-year-old Japanese woman, who had first noticed multiple, asymptomatic, reddish-brown papules on her trunk. Asymptomatic enlargements of several lymph nodes were present in the bilateral cervical and axillary areas. There was no hepatosplenomegaly, sternal tenderness, bruising, or bleeding. The skin and lymph node biopsies were originally interpreted as malignant lymphoma. The diagnosis of acute monocytic leukemia was established when bone marrow involvement was detected. Immunohistochemical observation of the skin eruptions revealed the following: Positive staining with lysozyme was noted in almost half of the infiltrating atypical cells. Most of the infiltrating cells reacted positively with antisera to Leu-M5 and some of them reacted to Leu-M1. The helper T cell antibody, Leu-3a+3b, showed weak positive staining of most infiltrating cells. However, there were no reactions with antisera to Leu-6, Leu-7, Leu-14, CALLA, OKT 6, OKT 8, OKT 16, OKB 19, OKM 14, beta F1, or delta TCS1. OKM 5-positive keratinocytes were observed in some parts of the upper epidermis, although no OKM 5 expression could be detected on any tumor cells. Cytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy can aid in the diagnosis of monocytic leukemia. This case illustrates the importance of using an expanded panel of monoclonal antisera in certain hematopoietic tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Inhibitory effect of aerosol WP871 on SRS-A mediated bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig in vivo.

Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) is an important factor mediating bronchoconstriction in asthma. We developed a guinea pig model for SRS-A mediated bronchoconstriction induced by antigen inhalation. Using this model, we investigated the effect of inhaled WP871, a new anti-allergic drug, on bronchoconstriction. Aerosol WP871 (0.01 and 0.033%) to some extent inhibited the antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in a dose-dependent fashion, but high-dose WP871 (0.1%) inhalation itself produced a non-specific bronchoconstriction. However, aerosol WP871 (0.033%) showed no inhibitory effect on bronchoconstriction caused by direct inhalation of leukotriene C4, a component of SRS-A. These findings indicate that aerosol WP871 does not antagonize SRS-A, but inhibits synthesis and/or release of SRS-A and has some non-specific bronchoconstrictive effect in high concentration.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1990

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with chronic congestive heart failure.

To investigate the relationship between pulmonary congestion and bronchial responsiveness, we measured bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine in 51 patients with left heart disorders. The measurement of bronchial responsiveness was performed by inhaling doses of acetylcholine chloride (0.08 to 20 mg/ml) and calculating the PC20-FEV1. The median value for PC20-FEV1 was above 20 mg/ml in the subjects without history of congestive heart failure (n = 18), was 5.29 mg/ml in the subjects with clinical evidence of congestive heart failure in the past days (n = 18; p less than 0.01), and was 5.74 mg/ml in the subjects with clinical evidence of congestive heart failure at the time of study (n = 15; p less than 0.01). The hemodynamic variables by cardiac catheterization and the clinical symptoms were not correlated with the grade of bronchial responsiveness. These results suggest that the bronchial responsiveness was increased in most of the patients with chronic congestive heart failure. We concluded that continuous pulmonary congestion may contribute to the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Acetylcholine↗