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Biomedical subjects

M Fujimoto

Publications and source records attributed to M Fujimoto.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Spontaneous reduction in size of prolactin-producing adenoma after delivery. Case report.

The authors describe the case of a pregnant woman with a large prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma that regressed after delivery. The patient's neurological signs and symptoms spontaneously disappeared soon after delivery without treatment. Reduction in tumor size was confirmed on computerized tomography scans. It is hypothesized that the growth rate of a prolactinoma may be accelerated by estrogen.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

[Comparative clinical study of aspoxicillin and sulbenicillin in postoperative wound infections].

A well-controlled comparative study was performed to evaluate efficacy, safety and utility of aspoxicillin (ASPC) as compared with sulbenicillin (SBPC) in the treatment of postoperative wound infections. Either 2 g of ASPC or 2 g of SBPC was administered to patients by intravenous drip infusion twice a day for 7 days. The following results were obtained: Overall clinical effectiveness rates were 82.5% (66/80) in ASPC group and 77.0% (57/74) in SBPC group, with no statistically significant difference between 2 groups. Final overall clinical improvement rates were 83.8% (67/80) in ASPC group and 81.1% (60/74) in SBPC group, with no statistically significant difference between 2 groups. As to bacteriological effectiveness, eradication rates of clinical isolates were 70.4% (38/54) in ASPC group and 74.4% (32/43) in SBPC group. There was no statistically significant difference in 2 groups. Side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 6 cases (6.7%) and 11 cases (12.4%) in ASPC group (89 cases) respectively, and 4 cases (4.4%) and 7 cases (7.8%) in SBPC group (90 cases) respectively. Especially severe adverse reactions were not observed, and there was no significant difference in the incidences of side effects and abnormal laboratory findings between 2 groups. As to overall clinical utility, utility rates were 77.5% (62/80) in ASPC group and 70.3% (52/74) in SBPC group. There was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups. These results may be indicated that ASPC is as useful as SBPC in the treatment of postoperative wound infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Pharmacological and clinical studies on the long acting cefaclor (S6472)].

A study in which 375 mg of S6472 was orally given to 3 healthy adult volunteers before a meal, after a light meal, and after a usual meal in the cross-over method revealed the highest levels, both in serum and urine, in cases treated before a meal. In cases administered after a light or square meal, the serum level was less, but approximately 2 micrograms/ml over 6 hours after administration. No difference was seen in the AUC. The effective rate of S6472 when given at 750 approximately 1,500 mg/day was 74.6% in 62 patients with skin or soft tissue infectious diseases. Neither subjective or objective adverse reactions were seen in any case. Clinical laboratory testing revealed 1 case each of anemia and increased BUN, for which S6472 was not responsible.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical evaluation of S6472 (prolonged action preparation of cefaclor) in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. A double blind comparison of S6472 and cefaclor].

A double-blind comparative study of S6472 and cefaclor (CCL) was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy, safety and usefulness in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. Either 750 mg b.i.d. of S6472 or 750 mg t.i.d. of CCL was administered orally to patients for a period of 7 consecutive days. Of the 250 cases (123 cases of S6472 group and 127 cases of CCL group) recruited in this trial, 228 cases (114 cases of S6472 and 114 cases of CCL) were adopted by the committee members for the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, 238 cases (118 cases of S6472 group and 120 cases of CCL group) for usefulness, and 245 cases (121 cases of S6472 group and 124 cases of CCL group) were adopted for the evaluation of side effects. The backgrounds of both patients group were almost similar. The results obtained were as follows: Overall clinical effectiveness Of the 114 patients treated with S6472, excellent clinical responses were obtained in 11 patients, good in 79, fair in 19, poor in 5 (efficacy rate 78.9%), and of the 114 patients treated with CCL, excellent were in 16, good in 78, fair in 13, poor in 7 (efficacy rate 82.5%). There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Clinical effectiveness classified by initial severity and bacteriological efficacy There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the clinical effectiveness classified by initial severity and in the bacteriological efficacy. Side effects were noticed in 5 patients of 121 treated with S6472 (4.1%) and in 2 patients of 124 treated with CCL (1.6%), and other 13 patients developed some abnormal laboratory findings. But these undesirable reactions were mild, and developed no significant difference between the 2 groups in the incidence of side effects. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the usefulness of the drugs. Conclusively, 750 mg b.i.d. of S6472 is anticipative of the same clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness as compared with that of 750 mg t.i.d. of CCL in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

[A clinical trial of SM-4300 against severe infections in surgery].

SM-4300, a newly developed human immunoglobulin for intravenous use, has been evaluated clinically in combination with the antibiotics in the patients with severe bacterial, fungal or viral infections which are resistant to antibiotic therapy in the surgery. Total number of 26 patients affected with various severe infections were treated with SM-4300. Clinical effects of SM-4300 were good in 10 cases, fair in 7 cases, poor in 7 cases and unknown in 2 cases. The efficacy rate was 41.7%. Severe infections in these 26 patients consisted of 14 cases of peritonitis, 5 cases of intrathoracic infections, 4 cases of sepsis suspected and 3 cases others. Twenty-three patients had underlying diseases, in which 15 cases were patients with cancer. Clinically isolated organisms were obtained from 12 cases, of 26 strains were evaluated for bacteriological effects which were eradicated in 10 strains, decreased in 3 and persisted in 13 strains, the eradication rate being 38.5%. The subjective and objective clinical side effects were noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Sinus histiocytosis in the lymph nodes of breast cancer patients having undergone extensive radical mastectomy].

Sinus histiocytosis in the regional lymph nodes of 45 patients with breast cancer who had undergone extended radical mastectomy was studied by histological examination of 2,294 resected lymph nodes. Sinus histiocytosis was divided into three grades, marked, moderate, and mild to negative, by Ohmori's classification. The results indicated that: 1) sinus histiocytosis correlates fairly well with clinical stage, especially with the n-factor, and 2) the degree of sinus histiocytosis shows little difference between three groups of regional lymph nodes. The authors concluded that sinus histiocytosis dominates the prognosis and represents some aspect of a reticuloendothelial response of the whole body to carcinoma.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Detection and determination of active metabolites of 1-(2-o-chlorobenzoyl-4-chlorophenyl)-5-glycyl-aminomethyl-3-dimethy l-carbamoyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole hydrochloride dihydrate, (450191-S), in rat tissues, using a radioreceptor assay for benzodiazepines.

1-(2-o-Chlorobenzoyl-4-chlorophenyl)-5-glycyl-aminomethyl-3- dimethylcarbamoyl -1H-1,2,4-triazole hydrochloride dihydrate, (450191-S), exhibits pronounced central nervous system (CNS) activities similar to those of benzodiazepines, but it has only low affinity for benzodiazepine receptors. However, when 450191-S was administered to rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg, brain extracts markedly inhibited [3H]diazepam binding to the receptors. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and radioreceptor assay (RRA) were used to isolate three metabolites that could inhibit [3H]diazepam binding prominently. These were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) as compounds having the triazolo-benzodiazepine skeleton. They showed high affinities for benzodiazepine receptors (Ki = 0.9 to 2.1 nM) and exerted potent pharmacological effects similar to those of 450191-S. In addition, their levels in the brain were sufficient to explain the pharmacological activity of 450191-S, which could not be detected in tissue extracts 15 min after administration. These results indicate that the pharmacological activity of 450191-S is largely due to the action of active metabolites, although some points remain to be elucidated to fully account for the large attenuation of the side effect (ataxia) compared with the major effects (anti-convulsant and hypnotic). We also determined the brain levels of metabolites following the administration of 450191-S and evaluated the extent to which each active metabolite contributes to the pharmacological activities of this drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Application of transretinal current stimulation for the study of bipolar-amacrine transmission.

Transretinal current flowing from the receptor side to the vitreous side depolarizes the axon terminals of retinal cells and facilitates the release of transmitter. Such current elicited a depolarizing response in off-center bipolar cells and a hyperpolarizing response in on-center bipolar cells. It also elicited a response of relatively complex waveform in amacrine cells. The responses elicited in bipolar cells were suppressed in the presence of 5-10 mM glutamate in the perfusing Ringer solution, while the responses of amacrine cells persisted, although their waveform changed to a simple one that showed monotonic depolarization irrespective of the type of amacrine cell and were accompanied by a decrease in the membrane resistance. The results indicate excitatory synaptic transmission from bipolar cells to amacrine cells. Since the response elicited by current in ON-OFF cells was almost identical to those elicited in ON or OFF amacrine cells, the transient nature of their light response cannot be due to their membrane properties. ON-OFF cells responded to transretinal current flowing in the opposite direction with a small hyperpolarization accompanied by a resistance increase. The hyperpolarizing response was suppressed by the addition of GABA in glutamate Ringer solution. The results suggest an activation by the current of GABA-ergic feedback pathways from amacrine cells to bipolar cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Estrogen receptors in brain tumors.

We examined the cytosolic estrogen receptor (ER) level in tumor tissue from 77 patients: 36 meningiomas, 20 gliomas (12 glioblastomas, 2 cerebellar astrocytomas, 2 ependymomas, and 4 medulloblastomas), 8 neurinomas, 7 pituitary adenomas (2 prolactin-producing adenomas, 1 growth hormone-producing adenoma, and 4 nonfunctioning adenomas), and 6 metastatic brain tumors (1 from breast cancer, 4 from lung cancers, and 1 from colon cancer). Nuclear ER levels were assayed in 11 meningiomas and 2 glioblastomas. ER was determined by the dextran-coated charcoal method and calculated by Scatchard analysis. Cytosolic ER was detected in 100% of the pituitary adenomas, 50% of the meningiomas, 50% of the metastatic brain tumors, 25% of the neurinomas, and 15% of the gliomas. In gliomas, only medulloblastomas had ER activity. Nuclear ER was found in three premenopausal women with meningioma. The dissociation constant of the ER complex was, in each case, less than 10(-9) M. These observations suggest that some brain tumors may be responsive to estrogen via the cellular ER.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

Aromatase activity in cultured human genital skin fibroblasts.

Aromatase activity of human genital skin fibroblasts grown in cell culture was studied using both [1,2,6,7-3H] androstenedione (A) and [1-3H]A as substrates. With the former substrate the generation of [3H]estrogens was determined, whereas with the latter substrate, the formation of [3H]H2O was measured. Our results showed that the release of [3H]H2O from [1-3H]A provides an accurate and sensitive method for determining aromatase activity in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Because genital skin fibroblasts also possess marked 5 alpha-reductase activity, we found that addition of an alternate substrate for 5 alpha-reductase was necessary to prevent shunting of A from the aromatase pathway. Hence, all aromatase assays were carried out in the presence of 5 microM progesterone. Under these experimental conditions, no correlation was found between levels of 5 alpha-reductase and aromatase activities. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of the aromatase in cultured genital skin fibroblasts measured in the presence of A and added progesterone ranged between 10 and 39 nM, and the maximum velocity (Vmax) ranged between 0.14 and 1.46 pmol product/mg protein/h. These values are in good agreement with those previously described for adipose tissue stromal-vascular cells, suggesting that the aromatase complexes are similar in skin and adipose tissue. We conclude that skin may be an important site for aromatization of androgens to estrogens in men.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗