Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Fujime

Publications and source records attributed to M Fujime.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1996). I. Susceptibility distribution].

The frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 680 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 10 hospitals during the period of June 1996 to May 1997. Of the above bacterial isolates, Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 30.4% and a majority of them were Enterococcus faecalis. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 69.6% and most of them were Escherichia coli. Susceptabilities of several isolated bacteria to antimicrobial agents were as followed; 1. Enterococcus faecalis Ampicillin (ABPC) showed the highest activity against E. faecalis isolated from patients with UTIs. Its MIC90 was 1 microgram/ml. Imipenem (IPM) and vancomycin (VCM) were also active with the MIC90S of 2 micrograms/ml. The others had low activities with the MIC90S of 16 micrograms/ml or above. 2. Staphylococcus aureus including MRSA Arbekacin (ABK) and VCM showed the highest activities against both S. aureus and MRSA isolated from patients with UTIs. The MIC90S of them were 1 or 2 micrograms/ml. The others except minocycline (MINO) had low activities with the MIC90S of 32 micrograms/ml or above. 3. Staphylococcus epidermidis ABK and VCM showed the strongest activities against S. epidermis isolated from patients with UTIs. The MICs for all strains were equal to or lower than 2 micrograms/ml. Cefazolin (CEZ), cefotiam (CTM) and cefozopran (CZOP) were also active with the MIC90S of 4 micrograms/ml. Compared with antimicrobial activities of cephems is 1995, the MIC90S of them had changed into a better state. They ranged from 4 micrograms/ml 16 micrograms/ml in 1996. 4. Streptococcus agalactiae All drugs except MINO were active against S. agalactiae. ABPC, CZOP, IPM, and clarithromycin (CAM) showed the highest activities. The MICs for all strains were equal to or lower than 0.125 micromilligrams. Tosufloxacin (TFLX) and VCM were also active with the MIC90S of 0.5 micromilligrams. 5. Citrobacter freundii Gentamicin (GM) showed the highest activity against C. freundii isolated from patients with UTIs. Its MIC90 was 0.5 micrograms/ml. IPM and amikacin (AMK) were also active with the MIC90S of 1 microgram/ml and 2 micrograms/ml, respectively. Cefpirome (CPR) and CZOP were also active with the MIC90S of 8 micrograms/ml. The MIC90S of the others were 16 micrograms/ml or above. 6. Enterobacter cloacae IPM showed the highest activity against E. cloacae. The MICs for all strains were equal to or lower than 0.5 microgram/ml. The MIC90S of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and TFLX were 1 microgram/ml, the MIC90 of AMK was 2 micrograms/ml, the MIC90S of CZOP, GM and ofloxacin (OFLX) were 4 micrograms/ml. The MIC50S of cephems except CEZ, cefmetazole (CMZ) and cefaclor (CCL) had changed into a better state in 1996, compared with those in 1995. 7. Escherichia coli All drugs except penicillins and MINO were active against E. coli. Particularly CPR, CZOP and IPM showed the highest activities against E. coli. The MIC90S of them were 0.125 microgram/ml or below. Among E. coli strains, those with low susceptibilities to cephems except CEZ, cefoperazone (CPZ), latamoxef (LMOX) and CCL have increased in 1996, compared with those in 1995. 8. Klebsiella pneumoniae K. pneumoniae was susceptible to all drugs except penicillins, with the MIC90S of 2 micrograms/ml or below. CPR had the strongest activity, the MICs for all strains were equal to or lower than 0.25 microgram/ml. Flomoxef (FMOX), cefixime (CFIX), CZOP and carumonam (CRMN) were also active with the MIC90S of 0.125 microgram/ml or below. 9. Pseudomonas aeruginosa All drugs except quinolones were not so active against P. aeruginosa with the MIC90S were 32 micrograms/ml or above. Quinolones were more active in 1996 than 1995. The MIC90S of them were between 4 micrograms/ml and 8 micrograms/ml, and the MIC50S of them were between 1 microgram/ml and 2 micrograms/ml. 10. Serratia marcescens GM showed the highest activity against S. marcescens. Its MIC90 was 1 micro

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1996). II. Background of patients].

Clinical background was investigated on patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) from whom 752 bacterial strains were isolated in 10 hospitals during the period from June, 1996 through May, 1997. 1. Distribution of age and sex of patients and type of infections. Among males, those with ages 40 years or older were more frequent, the higher the ages of them. Among females, those with ages in the 60's were the most frequent (24.6%), and those with ages in the 20's, 40's and 50's were about 13%. With regard to type of infections, more than a half of infections among males with ages 30 years or older were of complicated types, but most of infections among females were of uncomplicated types, especially among females of ages less than 60 years. 2. Ages of patients and types of pathogens. The higher the ages of patients, the lesser became the isolation frequencies of Escherichia coli, but the higher were those of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. 3. Effect of antibiotic use on isolation frequencies of pathogens. Use of antibiotics decreased pathogens isolated from patients with uncomplicated UTIs drastically (231 isolates before antibiotics compared to 60 after). Even isolated pathogens from patients with complicated UTIs decreased drastically with the use of antibiotics when indwelling catheters were not in use (193 isolates before antibiotics compared to 75 after), but when indwelling catheters were in use, antibiotics apparently failed to decrease the isolation frequency. 4. Surgical procedures and types of causative organisms for UTIs. From cases of uncomplicated UTIs, E. coli was the most frequently isolated, followed by Enterococcus Faecalis and Klebsiella spp. E. coli was the most frequently isolated organism from complicated UTIs without indwelling catheters. When a surgical procedures were not done, E. coli was isolated most frequently. From cases of complicated UTIs with indwelling catheters, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and E. faecalis were the organisms that were mainly isolated, with isolation frequencies of 23.2%, 15.2, 12.2, respectively. When no surgical procedures were used, isolation frequencies of P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis and Enterobacter spp. were 17.2%, 13.8%, 13.8%, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1996), III. Secular changes in susceptibility].

Susceptibilities to various antimicrobial agents were examined for Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 10 hospitals during June 1996 to May 1997, and the results were compared with those obtained during the same period in earlier years. 1. E. faecalis Among E. faecalis strains, those with high susceptibilities to ampicillin and minocycline appeared to have decreased in the latest study period. 2. S. aureus To almost antimicrobial agents, S. aureus isolated from uncomplicated UTIs showed low susceptibilities. But the MIC50s of those agents for S. aureus from complicated UTIs have changed better state. Particularly, the MIC50s of imipenem and clindamycin were 0.125 microgram/ml or below in the latest period for the first time in our history. 3. E. coli The susceptibilities to piperacillin and quinolones of E. coli isolated from uncomplicated UTIs were better than those isolated from complicated UTIs. 4. Klebsiella spp. The susceptibilities to almost antimicrobial agents of Klebsiella spp. have been better during the latest period, compared to those during period of 1995-1996, but to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin have appeared to have been lower. 5. P. aeruginosa The susceptibilities to quinolones of P. aeruginosa have been better during the latest period compared those during periods of 1995-1996. But, the susceptibilities to cefozopran, carbapenems and monobactams of P. aeruginosa isolated from complicated UTIs appeared to have been lower. These susceptibility changes should be utilized in determining clinical treatments.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Immunohistochemical study of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes before and after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment for superficial bladder cancer.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated changes in the phenotypic characteristics of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes during intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment using an immunohistochemical technique. METHODS: A total of 16 patients with superficial bladder cancer underwent intravesical BCG treatment for therapeutic purposes. Tissue specimens were obtained from these patients before and after BCG treatment by cold cup biopsies. RESULTS: The numbers of CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, and CD19+ cells significantly increased after treatment compared with numbers before treatment (P < 0.01). Although gamma/delta T cells were not observed before treatment, they appeared after treatment in 6 patients. In all these patients, the tumors disappeared or their size was reduced by more than 50%, and none of the tumors recurred. The induction of CD25+ cells after treatment was seen in 11 of the 16 patients. CONCLUSION: gamma/delta T cells may play an important role in the immune response of the host to the tumor in intravesical BCG treatment (although this correlation was statistically insignificant.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1997

Distal ureteral atresia associated with crossed renal ectopia with fusion: recovery of renal function after release of a 10-year ureteral obstruction.

We report on a 10-year-old boy with distal ureteral atresia associated with crossed renal ectopia with fusion. He was admitted with a high fever associated with a urinary tract infection. The diagnosis was established by antegrade and retrograde pyelography. The upper hydronephrotic portion of the kidney, obstructed for 10 years, recovered its function after nephrostomy placement. To our knowledge, this is the first patient whose renal function has recovered despite an ureteral obstruction of 10-years' duration. Therefore, we recommend a transient nephrostomy placement even for far advanced pediatric hydronephrosis, to test for the possibility of functional recovery.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1997

[Determination of urinary CA19-9 levels in urothelial cancer--assessment of its role in diagnosis].

BACKGROUND: Although Carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA19-9) is known to be high of its positive rate in blood in pancreatic cancer, etc., recently there have been scattered of cases of urothelial carcinoma in which elevated CA19-9 levels have been detected in both serum and urine. In this study we determined both urine and serum levels of CA19-9 in order to evaluate their diagnostic role of urinary CA19-9. MATERIALS: A total 82 patients, i.e., 32 with bladder cancer, 4 with renal pelvic/ureteral cancer, 5 with renal cancer, 13 with prostatic cancer, 5 with other malignancies, 10 with prostatic hyperplasia, 6 with urolithiasis, 7 with other benign diseases, served as the subjects of this study. METHODS: CA19-9 was determined by EIA method in first-morning urine and serum using a CA19-9 measurement kit (Centocor). Urinary values corrected for the creatinine level in the same sample have been used and are shown as U/mg creatinine (Cr). Urinary CA19-9 and urinary cytology were evaluated in some cases. An immunohistochemical study of CA19-9 for surgical specimens was conducted by the ABC method, using a Histo 19-9 kit (COMPAGNIE ORIS INDUSTRIES S.A.). RESULTS: The cut-off value for serum levels was 37 U/ml, and urine levels were determined in U/mg Cr with a cut-off value of 100 U/mg Cr. The urinary CA19-9 levels was significantly higher (390.9 +/- 934.1 U/mg Cr) in urothelial cancer than in the control group (91.48 +/- 20.0 U/ mg Cr). In urothelial cancer, grade 1 and grade 2 cases were more sensitive than grade 3 cases and they also tended to be high level, although only 27.8% of urothelial cancer patients showed an elevation of serum CA19-9. CA19-9 was detected in all urothelial cancers which could be studied immunohistochemically. In 8 out of 16 superficial cancers CA19-9 was detected in more than 90% of cancer cells, though there were few CA19-9 positive cells in infiltrating cancers. Urinary CA19-9 was more sensitive than urinary cytology, especially in low grade cancers. CONCLUSION: The determination of urinary CA19-9 may be a useful tumor marker of urothelial cancer, and especially in low grade cancer it may be useful in diagnosing of them because its urinary level is high and it is more sensitive than urinary cytology.

CA-19-9 Antigen↗
PubMed1997

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1995). III. Differences in susceptibilities from previous years].

Susceptibilities to various antimicrobial agents were examined for Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 11 hospitals during June, 1995 through May, 1996, and the results were compared with those obtained during the same period in earlier years. 1. Macrolide resistant E. faecalis isolated from uncomplicated UTIs during the latest study period appeared to have increased compared to those in previous study periods. More than 50% of the isolated E. faecalis during the latest study period were resistant to macrolide antibiotics, for the first time in our history. 2. No obvious changes were observed through the years for susceptibilities of S. aureus to various antimicrobial agents. Vancomycin (VCM) showed the highest activity against S. aureus, with MICs below 2 micrograms/ml or below. 3. Among E. coli strains, those with low susceptibilities to quinolones appeared to have increased over the years with MIC90 changed from between 0.125 microgram/ml or below and 0.5 microgram/ml in the 1989-1990 period to between 8 micrograms/ml and 128 micrograms/ml in the latest study period. 4. Klebsiella spp. showed higher resistance to most antimicrobial agents during periods of 1993-1994 and 1994-1995, but somewhat lower resistance during period of 1995-1996. No resistant Klebsiella spp. were detected from uncomplicated UTIs during the latest study period. 5. Among P. aeruginosa isolates from complicated UTIs, resistance isolates to gentamicin appeared to be increasing over the years. Resistant strains to quinolones were isolated at lower frequencies during periods of 1991-1994, but higher frequency was observed in the latest period, and MIC50s were between 0.5 and 4 micrograms/ml during 1991-1994, but were 16-32 micrograms/ml during 1995-1996. These susceptibility changes should be utilized in determining clinical treatments.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1995). I. Susceptibility distribution].

The frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 704 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 11 hospitals during the period of June 1995 to May 1996. Of the above bacterial isolates, Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 29.8% and a majority of them were Enterococcus faecalis. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 70.2% and most of them were Escherichia coli. Susceptibilities of several isolated bacteria to antimicrobial agents were as followed; 1. Enterococcus faecalis Ampicillin (ABPC) and imipenem (IPM) showed the highest activities against E. faecalis isolated from patients with UTIs. The MIC90S of them were 1 microgram/ml. Vancomycin (VCM) and piperacillin (PIPC) were also active with the MIC90S of 2 micrograms/ml and 4 micrograms/ml, respectively. The others had low activities with the MIC90S of 16 micrograms/ml or above. 2. Staphylococcus aureus including MRSA VCM showed the highest activities against S. aureus isolated from patients with UTIs. Its MIC90 was 1 microgram/ml against both S. aureus and MRSA. Arbekacin (ABK) was also active with the MIC90 of 2 micrograms/ml. The other except minocycline (MINO) had very low activities with the MIC90S of 64 micrograms/ml or above. 3. Staphylococcus epidermidis ABK and MINO showed the strongest activities against S. epidermidis isolated from patients with UTIs. The MIC90S of them were 0.25 microgram/ml. VCM was also active with the MIC90 of 1 microgram/ml. The MIC90S of cephems ranged from 2 micrograms/ml to 16 micrograms/ml in 1994, but they ranged from 8 micrograms/ml to 128 micrograms/ml in 1995. These results indicated that some resistances existed among S. epidermidis to cephems. 4. Streptococcus agalactiae All drugs except gentamicin (GM) were active against S. agalactiae. ABPC, cefmenoxime (CMX), IPM, erythromycin (EM), clindamycin (CLDM) and clarithromycin (CAM) showed the highest activities. The MICs for all strains were lower than 0.125 microgram/ml. The MIC90S of the others were 2 micrograms/ml or below. 5. Citrobacter freundii IPM showed the highest activity against C. freundii isolated from patients UTIs. Its MIC90 was 1 microgram/ml. GM was also active with the MIC90 of 2 micrograms/ml. Cefpirome (CPR), cefozopran (CZOP) and amikacin (AMK) were also active with the MIC90S of 4 micrograms/ml. Penicillins and cephems except CMX, CPR and CZOP showed low activities with MIC90S of 256 micrograms/ml or above. 6. Enterobacter cloacae IPM showed the highest activity against E. cloacae. The MICs for all strains were equal to or lower than 1 microgram/ml. MINO and tosufloxacin (TFLX) were also active with the MIC90S of 8 micrograms/ml. Penicillins and cephems except CPR and CZOP showed lower activities with the MIC90S of 256 micrograms/ml or above. 7. Escherichia coli. Most of the antimicrobial agents were active against E. coli. Particularly CPR, CZOP and IPM showed the highest activities against E. coli. The MICs for all strains were equal to or lower than 0.5 microgram/ml. CMX and TFLX were also active with the MIC90S of 0.125 microgram/ml or below. Penicillins were slightly active with MIC90S of 128 micrograms/ml or above. 8. Klebsiella pneumoniae K. pneumoniae was susceptible to all drugs except penicillins, with MIC90S of 2 micrograms/ml or below. Carumonam (CRMN) had the strongest activity against K. pneumoniae, the MICs for all strains were equal to or lower than 0.125 microgram/ml. Comparing with the result of 1994, the sensitivities of K. pneumoniae against all drugs had obviously changed into a better state. For example, the MIC90S of cephems ranged from 0.25 microgram/ml to 16 micrograms/ml in 1994, but they were all lower than 2 micrograms/ml in 1995. 9. Proteus mirabilis P. mirabilis was susceptible to a majority of drugs. CMX, ceftazidime (CAZ), cefixime (CFIX), and CRMN showed the highest activities against P. mirabilis isolated from patients with UTIs. MICs of CRMN for all

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1995). II. Background of patients].

Clinical background was investigated on patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) from whom 785 bacterial strains were isolated in 11 hospitals during the period from June, 1995 through May, 1996. 1. Distributions of age and sex of patients and type of infections. Among the patients examined, those with ages 50 years or older were the most frequent (males: 80.5%, females: 69.7%), and, among females, those with ages in the 20's were 12.6%. With regard to types of infections, more than a half of infections among males were of complicated types, but most of infections among females were of uncomplicated types, especially among females of ages less than 60 years. 2. Ages of patients and types of pathogens. The higher the ages of patients, the lesser became the isolation frequencies of Proteus spp. and Serratia spp., but the higher were those of Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. 3. Effect of antibiotic use on isolation frequencies of pathogens. Use of antibiotics decreased pathogens isolated from patients with uncomplicated UTIs drastically (237 isolates before antibiotics compared to 33 after). Even isolated pathogens from patients with complicated UTIs decreased drastically with the use of antibiotics when indwelling catheters were not in use (200 isolates before antibiotics compared to 83 after), but when indwelling catheters were in use, antibiotics apparently failed to decrease the isolation frequency. 4. Surgical procedures and types of causative organisms for UTIs. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated organism from uncomplicated cases of UTIs. From cases of complicated UTIs without indwelling catheters, Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated, followed by E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. When a surgical procedures were not done, E. coli was isolated most frequently. From cases of complicated UTIs with indwelling catheters, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis and S. aureus were the organisms that were mainly isolated, with isolation frequencies of 23.9%, 17.3% and 12.7%, respectively. When no surgical procedures were used, isolation frequencies of P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. and E. faecalis were 25.7%, 14.3% and 14.3%, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1994). I. Susceptibility distribution].

The frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 567 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 10 hospitals during the period of June 1994 to May 1995. Of the above total bacterial isolates, Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 26.8% and a majority of them were Enterococcus faecalis. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 73.2% and most of them were Escherichia coli. 1. Enterococcus faecalis. Ampicillin (ABPC) and imipenem (IPM) showed the highest activities against E. faecalis isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. The MIC90s of them were 1 microgram/ml. Vancomycin (VCM) was also active with the MIC90 of 2 micrograms/ml. Piperacillin (PIPC) and biapenem (BIPM) were also active with the MIC90s of 4 micrograms/ml and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively. The others were not so active with the MIC90s of 16 micrograms/ml or above. 2. Staphylococcus aureus including MRSA. VCM showed the highest activities against S. aureus isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. Its MIC90 was 1 microgram/ml against both S. aureus and MRSA. Arbekacin (ABK) was also active with the MIC90 of 2 micrograms/ml. The others except minocycline (MINO) were not so active with the MIC90s of 64 micrograms/ml or above. 3. Staphylococcus epidermidis. MINO showed the strongest activity against S. epidermidis isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. Its MIC90 was 0.25 microgram/ml. ABK was also active with the MIC90 of 1 microgram/ml. Cephems were active with the MIC90s of 2 approximately 16 micrograms/ml, but penicillins and quinolones were not so active with the MIC90s and 64 approximately 128 micrograms/ml. 4. Citrobacter freundii. Gentamicin (GM) showed the highest activities against C. freundii isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. Its MIC90 was 1 microgram/ml. IPM was also active with the MIC90 of 2 micrograms/ml. Cefpirome (CPR) and cefozopran (CZOP) were also active with the MIC90s of 4 micrograms/ml and 8 micrograms/ml. The others were not so active with the MIC90s of 32 micrograms/ml or above. 5. Enterobacter cloacae. IPM showed the highest activities against E. cloacae. Its MIC90 was 0.5 microgram/ml. GM and amikacin (AMK), ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and tosulfloxacin (TFLX) were also active with the MIC90s of 4 micrograms/ml. Penicillins and cephems except latamoxef (LMOX), cefmenoxime (CMX), CPR and CZOP showed lower activities with the MIC90s of 256 micrograms/ml or above. 6. Escherichia coli. Most of antimicrobial agents were active against E. coli. CPR, CZOP, IPM, carumonam (CRMN), CPFX and TFLX showed the highest activities against E. coli. The MIC90s of them were 0.125 microgram/ml or below. Cefotiam (CTM), flomoxef (FMOX) CMX, ceftazidime (CAZ), and LMOX were also active with the MIC90s of 0.25 microgram/ml. Penicillins were not so active with the MIC90s of 128 micrograms/ml or above. 7. Klebsiella pneumoniae. CRMN showed the highest activities against K. pneumoniae. Its MIC90 was < or = 0.125 microgram/ml. CZOP was also active with the MIC90 of 0.25 microgram/ml. Penicillins were not so active with the MIC90s of 128 micrograms/ml or above. 8. Proteus mirabilis. P. mirabilis was susceptible to a majority of drugs. CMX, CAZ, LMOX, CRP, cefpodoxime (CPDX), CRMN, CPFX and TFLX showed the highest activities against P. mirabilis isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. The MIC90s of them were 0.125 microgram/ml or below. MINO was not so active with the MIC90 of 128 micrograms/ml. 9. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Most of the agents were not so active against P. aeruginosa. IPM showed MIC90 of 8 micrograms/ml. The others were not so active with the MIC90s of 16 micrograms/ml or above. CPFX showed MIC50 of 0.5 microgram/ml.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1994). II. Background of patients].

Clinical background was investigated on 628 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 10 hospitals during period from June, 1994 to May, 1995. 1. Distributions of sex, age and urinary tract infections Among over sixties males, the majority was taken by complicated urinary tract infections. Among females, the uncomplicated urinary tract infections was most frequent without a relation of age. As for over 40 females, the increase of complicated UTI was admitted. 2. Distribution of sex, age and pathogens isolated from UTIs In uncomplicated UTIs, Escherichia coli was most frequently isolated without a relation of age, and next Enterococcus faecalis and CNS. In complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. faecalis were isolated the most frequent. In complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter, P. aeruginosa was most frequently isolated, and next E. faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. 3. Administration of antimicrobial agents and pathogens isolated from UTIs In uncomplicated UTIs, pathogens, after administration of antibiotics, isolated from patients have obviously decreased from 216 to 32 isolates. And also, pathogens of complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, have decreased from 127 to 50 isolates. However, in complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter, pathogens after or before administration of antibiotics, were not revealed an obvious change. 4. Pathogens and UTIs with or without factor and operation In uncomplicated UTIs with or without factor and operation, E. coli was mainly detected. In complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter and with factor and operation E. faecalis was mainly detected, and next E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Without factor and operation, E. coli was mainly detected. In complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter and with factor and operation, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis and S. aureus were mainly detected at 23.5%, 15.0%, 15.0%, respectively. Without factor and operation, Proteus spp. 22%, and next E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa 10% and 12%, were detected, respectively. The distribution of pathogens, in the case of Proteus spp. and P. aeruginosa has been obviously varied by the influence of factor and operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1994). III. Secular changes in susceptibility].

Susceptibilities of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia spp. isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 10 hospitals during June 1994 to May 1995 to various antimicrobial agents were compared with those in the same period of previous years according to a classification, uncomplicated UTIs, complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, and complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter. No remarkable changes were found in susceptibilities of Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp. and Serratia spp. The susceptibilities of E. faecalis to amikacin and quinolones were better than those in 1993. As for S. aureus, susceptible strains to all drugs increased in uncomplicated UTIs. Against E. coli in 1993, the antimicrobial activities of piperacillin, cefotiam and aminoglycosides have decreased, however, in 1994, these activities have turned to the better state. As for Klebsiella spp. susceptible strains to ABPC decreased. The susceptibilities of P. mirabilis to all drugs except minocycline were good. Against P. aeruginosa in 1993, the activities of aminoglycosides have decreased, but, in 1994, these activities have turned to the better state. These data should be considered in clinical treatment of various urinary tract infections.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1994

Detection of interleukin-1 activity in human bladder cancer cell lines.

Detection of interleukin (IL)-1 activity was studied in two human bladder cancer cell lines, T24 and EJ1, and one rat bladder carcinoma cell line, 804G. Significantly high proliferation of mouse thymocytes in the assay of IL-1 activity was observed in the conditioned medium (CM) of T24 cells, indicating that the cells released IL-1-like activity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Northern blot analysis showed the presence of both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in the CM of T24 cells and expression of mRNAs of both cytokines in the cells. Interleukin-1 activity in EJ1 cells, which produced a little activity, was induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) while it was not induced in T24 by either LPS or other test substances. Conditioned medium of T24 increased proliferation of both T24 and EJ1 in cell-growth assay. Further investigation of the mode of action and role of cytokines, especially those from tumor cells themselves, is necessary in relation to BCG or photodynamic therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[A 55-year-old man with prostate cancer, papilledema, and multiple cranial nerve palsies].

We report a 55-year-old man with papilledema and multiple cranial nerve palsies. He was well until 52 years of age when there was an onset of progressive difficulty in initiating urination; he visited the urology service of our hospital where a diagnosis of prostate cancer was made; the cancer was invading the bladder and was metastasizing to lymph nodes and bones. He was treated with oochiectomy and estrogen preparations with some improvement in his symptoms. Two years later, he developed difficulty in urination again, and transurethral resection of the tumor was performed in 1991. In December 1991, he noted tingling and numb sensation in his left face, which had become progressive worse within the next one month, and he developed blepharoptosis and deafness all on the left side. He was admitted to the urology service on February 4, 1992, and a neurological consultation was asked. On physical examination, general findings were unremarkable, except for lymph node enlargements of about 0.5 to 1.0 mm in size in cervical and inguinal regions. On neurologic examination, he was alert with normal mental activities; higher cerebral functions were intact. He had normal vision and visual fields, however, papilledema was present bilaterally; pupils and light reactions were normal. Extraocular muscles were intact on the right side, however, moderate restriction was noted in the left eye in that all the extraocular muscles except for the medial rectus were weak; blepharoptosis was noted on the left; no nystagmus was present. The sensation was diminished in the left face, and left facial paresis of the peripheral type was also noted; the taste sensation was also diminished in the left anterior two thirds of the tongue. He had sensorineural deafness on the left side. The other cranial nerves appeared intact. He walked normally; no weakness or muscle atrophy was noted; muscle tone was normal and no ataxia was observed. Deep reflexes were normally elicited and symmetric; the plantar response was flexor. No meningeal signs were present. Laboratory examination revealed following abnormalities: Hb 7.1 g/dl, platelet 47,000/cmm, WBC3,800/cmm, LDH 950IU/l, PAP232ng/ml (normal less than 1.6), PA2.631ng/ml (normal less than 7.4); a small amount of effusion was noted in the left pleural cavity; cytological examination of the fluid was class V. A cranial CT scan as well as MRI were entirely normal, as was the spinal tap. He was treated with glycerol, however, there was progressive increase in the pleural effusion, and he developed dyspnea; moist rale had become audible in the end of February.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Serum concentration of type IV collagen in urological cancer--comparison with serum concentration of laminin].

In recent years, it has become clear that various extracellular substrates play an important role in the process of invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors. In a previous study, we reported that the serum concentration of laminin in renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer is elevated, and furthermore, is remarkably high in patients with metastasis. However, in bladder cancer, this level is elevated only in those with metastasis, indicating that the serum concentration of laminin is useful as a marker for metastasis or clinical progression of the malignant tumor. In the present study, we measured the serum concentration of type IV collagen 7S-domain, which, as laminin constructs the basement membrane, and compared the result with the serum concentration of laminin, to evaluate the clinical significance of the findings. The serum concentration of type IV collagen 7S-domain was not elevated significantly in any tumor type, although the serum concentration of laminin was elevated in patients with renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer and bladder cancer with metastasis. There were no significant differences in the serum concentration of type IV collagen 7S-domain in any group with metastasis.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1992

In vitro adherence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus aureus to human ureter.

Staphylococcus saprophyticus adhered to human ureteral epithelium in vitro. The levels of adherence, which were determined quantitatively with the scanning electron microscope, correlated well with bacterial hemagglutinating activities with sheep erythrocytes (r = 0.9459, P < 0.01). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the adhering bacteria and the hemagglutinating bacteria possessed similar pili-like structures on their cell surfaces. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus aureus did not adhere to the epithelium. Only S. aureus adhered markedly to the connective tissue of the ureter, and adhesion of this organism was direct via its cell wall. This adherence test system clearly showed up differences in the abilities of these staphylococcal species to adhere to the urinary tract.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1992

[Intralesional and transarterial administration of interferon for renal cell carcinoma].

Topical administration of interferon for locally recurrent renal cell carcinoma in 2 cases was reported. Case 1: a 56-year-old woman had undergone radical nephrectomy for left renal cell carcinoma. She had a locally recurrent tumor adjacent to spleen 26 months after the surgery. She received 3 million units of interferon alpha every day intralesionally for almost 3 years without any distant metastasis. Case 2: a 59-year-old man had undergone left radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. He had recurrent tumor contiguous to spleen 24 months after nephrectomy. With Seldinger method a catheter was indwelled selectively in splenic artery. Two million units of interferon gamma was administered through the catheter, twice a week for 4 weeks, and once a week in subsequent course. The tumor showed necrosis on CT film. He died of DIC 5 months after the initiation of intraarterial administration of interferon gamma. Topical use of interferon showed some favorable effects in both cases even after the failure of systemic administration. Further investigation is warranted to demonstrate the advantage of topical use of interferon over systemic administration.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗