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Biomedical subjects

M Fujieda

Publications and source records attributed to M Fujieda.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

IgG subclass imbalance in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving maintenance chemotherapy.

Serum levels of IgG subclasses were measured in 18 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving maintenance chemotherapy and in 36 age-matched controls in order to attempt to analyse the effects of chemotherapy. The IgG subclasses were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Serum IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 levels in the patients were significantly (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.005, p less than 0.005) lower than in the controls, but serum IgG3 levels in patients were as high as in controls. Suppression on IgG2 and IgG4 were more profound than IgG1. In six children, the levels of the IgG subclasses were measured at diagnosis, during maintenance chemotherapy and one year after cessation of chemotherapy. The levels of the four IgG subclasses at diagnosis and after cessation of chemotherapy were as high as those in control children except for the IgG4 levels in the post-chemotherapy group. IgG2 and IgG4 may be more susceptible to suppression by chemotherapy than IgG1 and IgG3 may not be suppressed by chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

[Therapeutic effects of cefprozil in the treatment of various infectious diseases in children].

Therapeutic effects of cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100), a new cephalosporin, were examined in various infectious diseases in children. Clinical efficacy rates were 50% (2/4) in acute bronchitis, 80% (4/5) in pharyngitis, 0% in laryngitis, 100% (7/7) in tonsillitis, 100% (8/8) in impetigo contagiosa, furuncle and posthitis. Hence, the overall efficacy rate was 84% (21/25). Adverse effects were observed in 1 case with slightly elevated serum GOT and GPT. Changes in serum concentrations and urinary excretion of CFPZ were examined in 4 and 2 children without infection, respectively. T 1/2 values obtained were between 1 hour to 2 hours (bioassay). Six hour recovery rates in urine were 51.8% and 77.8% (bioassay). CFPZ was considered to be a safe and useful drug in treating various infectious diseases in children.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics].

We conducted clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP), a newly developed parenteral carbapenem antibiotic, for its clinical application in the field of pediatrics. 1. A clinical study was performed on 13 children with infections, including 6 with acute bronchopneumonia, 1 each with acute pharyngitis, acute bronchitis, sepsis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, urinary tract infection, subcutaneous abscess and furuncle. PAPM/BP was administered by intravenous drip infusion. Doses varied from 12 to 27 mg/kg body weight were given t.i.d. or q.i.d. Lengths of treatment ranged from 4 to 25 days. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 3 and good in 9 cases, with an efficacy rate of 92%. 2. No adverse reactions were observed. In laboratory tests, elevations of GOT, GPT and urobilinogen were observed in 3 cases. It was concluded that PAPM/BP was a promising drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Wyburn-Mason syndrome--a case report].

A 5-year-old girl with Wyburn-Mason syndrome was reported. A vascular nevus on the right cheek was noticed since early infancy. External strabismus and impaired vision of the right eye were noticed at 5 years of age. Fluorescein angiography showed an arteriovenous malformation on the right retina. Brain CT, MR, and right carotid angiography demonstrated an arteriovenous malformation from the orbita to the hypothalamic region along the optic nerve. This congenital vascular disorder is extremely rare.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical efficacy of cefpirome against various infectious diseases in children].

The clinical efficacy and the pharmacokinetics of cefpirome (CPR, HR 810), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative, were investigated in children with various infectious diseases. CPR showed high blood peak levels, relatively long half-life and high levels in urine. Excellent clinical efficacy was obtained in 2/3 cases with pneumonia, 3/4 cases with upper respiratory infection, 2/2 cases with cutaneous and soft tissue infection and 1/1 case with urinary tract infection. The overall efficacy rate was 80%. No clinical adverse effects were observed while slightly elevated GPT and GOT, decreased platelet were detected in 4 cases without clinical problems. CPR should be an useful and safe drug in treating infectious diseases in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of immunosuppressive chemotherapy on serum levels of IgG subclasses--analysis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and in children with aplastic anemia and autoimmune diseases receiving corticosteroid hormone].

Serum levels of IgG subclasses were analysed in 15 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving maintenance chemotherapy and 10 children with aplastic anemia and autoimmune diseases receiving prednisolone therapy longer than 2 months (Steroid group). The results were as follows. Serum levels of IgG1 in ALL were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than age matched normal controls, while the IgG1 levels in the Steroid group were as high as in normal controls. Serum levels of IgG2 in ALL and the Steroid group were significantly (p less than 0.005, p less than 0.02) lower than in normal controls. Serum levels of IgG3 in ALL and the Steroid group were as high as in normal controls. Serum levels of IgG4 in ALL and the Steroid group were significantly (p less than 0.005, p less than 0.05) lower than in normal controls. IgG2 and IgG4 should be more susceptible to suppression by immunosuppressive chemotherapy than IgG1, and IgG3 would hardly suppressed by immunosuppressive chemotherapy.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1990

Eye-tracking infra-red optometer.

An eye-tracking infra-red optometer has been developed to measure dynamic refractive power during slow horizontal eye movement. It consists of two instruments: an optometer to measure the refractive power of the human eye, and an eye tracker. When measuring refractive power, the eye tracker is used to maintain automatically the optical axis of the optometer coincident with the visual axis of the human eye. The measurement range of the optometer is approximately -10 to +10 D; refractive power is measured with an accuracy of about 0.4 D and with a precision of 0.05 D over an eye movement range of 60 degrees. The maximum trackable eye movement velocity is over 100 deg s-1, with a time delay of about 0.13 s. Furthermore it was confirmed that eye refraction measurement during vergence is possible using this eye-tracking infra-red optometer.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1989

Defective immune response to Epstein-Barr virus in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Thirteen children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) receiving maintenance chemotherapy were tested for anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies, EBV specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (EBV-CTL) activity and spontaneous cytotoxicity against Raji cells in order to define the defective cellular immunity in ALL children during complete remission. Among 10 seropositive patients, anti-virus capsid antigen (VCA) antibody titer varied from 1:20 to 1:320 and anti-EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) antibody was not detectable in four. No patients were positive for anti-early antigen (EA) antibody. EBV-CTL activity and interleukin 2 (IL-2) or interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) augmented EBV-CTL activity in eight seropositive patients was significantly lower than that in the seropositive age matched control group. IFN-alpha, OK-432 or IL-2 augmented spontaneous cytotoxicity were also significantly lower in the patients compared to those in the control group. These defective killer cell activities may allow EBV-infections to enter a severe, fulminant or persistently active state in the patients with ALL receiving aggressive maintenance chemotherapy.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1989

Elevated IgA antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in children with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies were tested in 11 children with chronic active EBV infection. Anti-virus capsid antigen (VCA)-IgG antibody titers ranged from 1:640 to 1:10,240. Anti-VCA-IgM antibody was consistently positive in 5 of the 11 patients; anti-VCA-IgA antibody was consistently positive in 6 of the 10 patients; anti-early antigen (EA)-IgG antibody was consistently positive in 10 of the 11 patients and anti-EA-IgA antibody was consistently positive in 4 out of the 7 patients. Anti-EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) antibody was not detected in two patients. Consistently positive anti-VCA-IgA- and anti-EA-IgA- antibody may be a characteristic feature of abnormal antibody responses in severe chronic active EBV-infection in childhood.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1989

[Immunological studies on chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection in children--low spontaneous cytotoxicity and lymphokine augmented spontaneous cytotoxicity against Raji cells].

Spontaneous cytotoxicity and lymphokine augmented spontaneous cytotoxicity against Raji cells were tested in 7 patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection in childhood. The results were as follows: Spontaneous cytotoxicity, tested by 4 hr assay, was 6.6 +/- 5.1% (mean +/- SD) in the patients and 13.9 +/- 9.6% in the controls, and the differences were statistically significant. Spontaneous cytotoxicity, tested by 18 hr assay, in the patients was as high as in controls. Recombinant interferon alpha and OK-432 augmented spontaneous cytotoxicity, tested by 4 hr assay, were 9.4 +/- 6.1% and 9.9 +/- 5.4% in the patients, and 21.0 +/- 10.9% and 24.2 +/- 13.3% in the controls, and the differences were statistically significant. Recombinant interferon alpha and OK-432 augmented spontaneous cytotoxicity, tested by 18 hr assay, were as high in the patients as in controls. Recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) augmented spontaneous cytotoxicity, tested by 4 hr assay, was 14.1 +/- 6.8% in the patients and 28.9 +/- 13.7% in the controls, and the differences were statistically significant. Though differences were not significant, rIL-2 augmented spontaneous cytotoxicity, tested by 18 hr assay, was lower in the patients than in controls. The grade of augmentation of spontaneous cytotoxicity by lymphokines, tested by 4 hr assay, was also low in the patients, but no differences were observed except in the case of rIL-2 when spontaneous cytotoxicity was tested by 18 hr assay. These results suggest that a longer incubation time was required in lytic kinetics of spontaneous cytotoxicity and lymphokine augmented spontaneous cytotoxicity in the patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Defective killer cell activity in patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Natural killer (NK) cell activity, lymphokine activated killer (LAK) activity and Epstein-Barr virus specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (EBV-CTL) activity were examined in 10 children with chronic active EB-virus infection and an adult with persistently positive early antigen-antibody to EB-virus. NK cell activity against erythroleukemia cell line K-562 was significantly (p less than 0.005) lower in the patients (22.3 +/- 8.5%, mean +/- SD) than in normal controls (40.4 +/- 15.9%). Spontaneous cytotoxicity against an EB-virus transformed autologous lymphoblastoid cell line was 15.0 +/- 7.6% in the patients, and was comparable to spontaneous cytotoxicity activity in normal controls (11.7 +/- 4.3%). LAK activity against Raji cells was significantly (p less than 0.02) lower in the patients (14.6 +/- 11.4%) than in normal controls (29.2 +/- 15.9%). EBV-CTL activity against an EB-virus transformed autologous lymphoblastoid cell line was significantly (p less than 0.005) lower in the patients (11.8 +/- 5.5%) than in seropositive normal controls (33.7 +/- 14.7%). No regression of the lymphoblastoid cell line was observed when EBV-CTL activity of the patients was tested by regression assay. It is conceivable that defects in both EB-virus specific and nonspecific killer cell activities play important roles in the pathogenetic abnormalities which allow EB-virus infection to progress to a chronic active state.

Cell Line, Transformed↗
PubMed1987

Cell-mediated cytotoxicity-supporting activity of various human gammaglobulin preparations.

Antibody activity, especially that involved in the reaction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), of five commercially available human gammaglobulin preparations (standard, pepsin-treated, plasmin-treated, polyethylene glycol-fractionated and S-sulfonated gammaglobulin) was measured. All these gammaglobulin preparations had high titers of hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing antibody against measles virus. In ADCC reaction, the pepsin-treated gammaglobulin preparation showed no antibody activity. The standard gammaglobulin preparation showed weak activity only when highly diluted. The remaining three preparations showed high activity. Though the S-sulfonated gammaglobulin preparation showed no activity in ADCC reaction, it showed high activity after reconversion by means of oxidation and reduction in vitro. The plasmin-treated gammaglobulin preparation showed greater activity than the polyethylene glycol-fractionated preparation of the optimal concentration. In ADCC tests using the plasmin-treated gammaglobulin preparation, K cell activity was strongly inhibited by Hg (thimerosal), while, in those using the standard gammaglobulin preparation, the activity was hardly influenced by Hg, suggesting that the low ADCC activity of the standard gammaglobulin preparation of high concentrations was due to the inhibitory effect of aggregated immunoglobulin G molecules.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1987

[Cefuzonam, a new cephem antibiotic in the field of pediatrics. Concentrations in serum and clinical efficacy].

A new cephem antibiotic, cefuzonam (L-105, CZON) was studied for its concentrations in serum and clinical efficacy in the field of pediatrics. To examine the concentration of CZON in serum, 20 mg/kg of CZON was administered by intravenous drip infusion to a male patient of 6 years and 7 months. The half-life of the drug in serum was 0.97 hour after administration. CZON was administered to 7 cases of pediatric infections, and clinical result were "excellent" in 4, "good" in 1, "poor" in 2: the efficacy rate was 71.4% or 5 cases out of 7. As an adverse reaction, eruption was observed in 1 patient.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

Hyperreactivity of lymphocytes to streptolysin O and lack of plasma inhibitory factor (s) in patients with mucocutaneous lymphnode syndrome.

Lymphocyte activation by streptolysin O (SLO) and factors in the plasma which inhibit the response to SLO were examined in 19 patients with mucocutaneous lymphnode syndrome (MCLS), 54 age-matched (6 months-6 years) normal children, 41 normal children older than 6 years and 10 normal adults. In normal children younger than 6 years, the response to SLO was weak and in many cases no response was seen. On the other hand, in the patients with MCLS, the response of lymphocytes to SLO was high and comparable to the response in adults and children older than 6 years. The DNA synthesis of lymphocytes stimulated by SLO was inhibited almost completely by autologous or allogeneic plasma of many of the normal children and adults. The plasma of patients with MCLS did not inhibit, but rather enhanced the response to SLO. These results suggest that the increased response of lymphocytes to SLO and the lack of plasma inhibitory factors in patients with MCLS may be due to the immune response to the pathogen of MCLS, as yet undiscovered.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical efficacy of aztreonam in refractory infections in children].

Aztreonam (AZT) is the first monobactam antibiotic that has significant activity in vitro against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria but not against Gram-positive or anaerobic bacteria. The agent was used 120-200 mg/kg in daily dose to treat 10 hospitalized cases of refractory infections in pediatric field. There were 3 cases of 1 pneumonia, 4 cases of urinary tract infections, 2 cases of pyogenic meningitis and 1 case of septicemia. Seven aerobic Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from patients and 4 bacteria were eradicated by treatment. Clinical cure was achieved in 8 out of 10 cases without adverse reaction or drug toxicity.

Adolescent↗