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Biomedical subjects

M Friedman

Publications and source records attributed to M Friedman.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Radiologic diagnosis of nonsquamous tumors of the head and neck.

Nonsquamous cell tumors of the head and neck can be reliably identified and often accurately diagnosed by proper state of the art radiologic assessment. For optimal diagnostic and preoperative work-up of head and neck lesions, complete radiologic analysis is now essential.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Malignant tumors of the major salivary glands.

A total of 512 patients with major salivary gland tumors were treated at our institution between the years 1960 to 1975. The 147 cases of malignant salivary gland tumors were reviewed according to presenting characteristics and stage, histology, and outcome. Treatment for each type is summarized. The battery of diagnostic aids and prognostic indicators available to the physician are also reviewed. The newer and more controversial procedures of CT scanning, nuclear magnetic resonance scanning, and fine-needle aspiration are discussed in detail. In the past, salivary gland tumors have been classified by histology alone. Current trends employ the TNM staging system in planning treatment and predicting end results. We have found a far better survival rate in patients with various tumor types presenting with stage I or II disease, but point out that patients with high-grade tumors often present with advanced disease. All major salivary gland tumors should be approached according to the principles of cancer surgery. The minimum procedure is thus superficial or total parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve. In low-grade malignancies, the diagnostic procedure will have accomplished this definitive treatment. Salivary gland tumors are rare in the pediatric population. Such malignancies often defy radical treatment. Although cure rates in many categories of high-grade tumors are low, the only hope for survival is an initial aggressive surgical approach. Although radiation was used for recurrent disease only during the years of this study, it is currently being used as adjuvant therapy in almost all malignancies except low-grade mucoepidermoid. Recurrences are almost always fatal.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Difficult decisions in parotid surgery.

Six atypical case presentations of parotid tumors are presented along with solutions proposed by two experts on the topic. The differences and similarities of the opinions expressed are summarized and discussed by the editor.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1986

Surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism.

During the past decade, major advances have been made in many crucial areas of the surgical management of hyperparathyroidism. An up-to-date protocol is presented and stresses preoperative localization, operative technique, intraoperative diagnosis, cryopreservation, and autotransplantation designed for practical application.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Reduction in type A behavior in healthy middle-aged American military officers.

One hundred eighteen senior officer-students of the U.S. Army War College who were healthy but exhibited type A behavior volunteered to be randomly selected and enrolled into (1) a section of 62 officers who received group type A behavior counseling for 9 months and (2) a control section of 56 officers who received no counseling of any kind. Marked or profound reduction in type A behavior at the end of 9 months was observed in 41.9% of the 62 participants who initially were enrolled to receive type A counseling; marked or profound reduction in type A behavior, however, was observed in only 8.9% of the 56 initially enrolled control subjects. No adverse effects on the military leadership qualities of type A counseled participants were observed by their classmates. Serum total cholesterol and plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol measurements were obtained monthly. The serum cholesterol of the total cohort of subjects rose significantly during a month of considerable emotional tension and stress. Those subjects who underwent a profound reduction in the intensity of their type A behavior pattern also exhibited a significantly lower serum cholesterol value as the study continued than those subjects who exhibited no change in their type A behavior. No significant changes in plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations were observed in the total cohort during the above-mentioned period of stress, nor were any differences in this particular measurement noted between the type A counseled and the control participants.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Remediation of intonation contours of hearing-impaired students.

Incorrect production of intonation contours is a common phonatory problem among the hearing impaired. Programs designed to remediate this problem include those that employ a systematic sequence of training steps as well as those that use sensory aids to provide visual or tactile feedback of contour production. A speech-training program that incorporates both is described. The program utilizes a hierarchical curriculum with either a tactile or a visual display of fundamental frequency for the remediation of incorrectly produced intonation contours. The displays are interfaced with a microprocessor, thus allowing regular collection of data and monitoring of the program's effectiveness. Three case studies are presented as representative examples of the students' progress. Implementation of the systematic curriculum with the use of the sensory aids results in improved performance in the phonatory skills of these students. The successes and difficulties encountered in speech training are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Ozone inhibits prostacyclin synthesis in pulmonary endothelium.

The effects of ozone on lung arachidonate metabolism in-vitro were studied in cultured bovine pulmonary endothelial cells exposed for 2 hours to ozone in concentrations up to 1.0 ppm. A concentration-dependent decrease in prostacyclin synthesis was found (90% decrease at the highest ozone level of 1.0 ppm). The inhibition of prostacyclin synthesis was not due to a decreased release of arachidonic acid from membrane lipids. We also examined the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictive response to 10% oxygen inhalation in anesthetized dogs in-vivo after exposure to 1.0 ppm ozone for 1 hour. Pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly increased after ozone exposure, similar to the findings in dogs given indomethacin (15 mg/kg). The percentage change in the hypoxic pulmonary pressor response was similar between the ozone exposure and indomethacin-treated groups, although due to the variance of the pulmonary vascular resistance values during hypoxia the results did not reach statistical significance. These results suggest that ozone inhalation affects pulmonary endothelial arachidonate metabolism in-vivo as well as in-vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Survivor guilt in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa.

The purposes of this paper are (1) to contribute to an understanding of the crucial role of unconscious guilt in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa and (2) to contribute to an appreciation of the importance of the concept of survivor guilt by demonstrating its usefulness in describing and explaining aspects of the pathogenesis, psychopathology and psychotherapy of anorexia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Plaque inhibition by sustained release of chlorhexidine from removable appliances.

We studied the effectiveness of a sustained-release delivery system for chlorhexidine in plaque prevention. A clinical trial in a group of eight students wearing orthodontic appliances coated by ethyl cellulose polymer containing the drug demonstrated that plaque accumulation was decreased for a period of four days. All oral procedures had been withdrawn during the clinical study. No side-effects of chlorhexidine, such as tooth staining and unpleasant taste, were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Biliary sclerosis in patients receiving hepatic arterial infusions of floxuridine.

High response rates have been reported with hepatic intra-arterial infusions of floxuridine in patients having colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver. The major toxicity of this therapy has been described as "chemical hepatitis." In a randomized trial of intravenous v intra-arterial floxuridine, we observed that all 35 patients receiving intra-arterial therapy developed significant increases in alkaline phosphatase and, in some cases, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase and/or bilirubin. Seven patients receiving intra-arterial therapy were studied with cholangiography which, in all cases, demonstrated sclerosis of the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. In addition, liver biopsies showed cholestasis and pericholangitis with minimal hepatocyte damage. These findings suggest that "biliary sclerosis" rather than "chemical hepatitis" is the predominant toxicity associated with hepatic intra-arterial infusions of floxuridine.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Isolation perfusion for malignant melanoma of the extremity: a review.

The role of perfusion, normothermic and hyperthermic, in the curative treatment of melanoma remains controversial. Survival appears to be somewhat improved over that of surgery alone in all stages, especially with hyperthermic perfusion, but all comparisons have been retrospective and uncontrolled. In addition to the usual problems with historical controls, melanoma presents its own special problems because of its unpredictable natural history in any given individual and the multiplicity of factors known to affect prognosis. It is unfortunate that hundreds of patients have been treated in uncontrolled studies. Randomized trials continue to be necessary to define this role and even then careful attention will have to be paid to the distribution of known prognostic factors in each group to insure a comparable cohort of patients. The response of melanoma to perfusion is clearly significant, however, and the response rate seems to be improved with hyperthermic perfusion. Hyperthermic perfusion appears to be a useful palliative treatment for locally advanced melanoma of the extremity, especially for which the alternative surgical therapy would be amputation.

Arm↗
PubMed1985

The conservation neck dissection.

This study compares the neck tumor recurrence rate between patients treated with radical neck dissection and those treated with conservation neck dissection. A standard radical neck dissection modified by sparing at least the internal jugular vein or the spinal accessory nerve is defined as a conservation dissection. Six hundred ninety-one neck dissections performed on 631 patients in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago were reviewed retrospectively. All patients had been followed postoperatively for at least 24 months. Group I consisted of 422 radical neck dissections. Group II contained 269 conservation neck dissections. We found no statistically significant difference in the rate of neck recurrence between the group of patients who underwent radical neck dissection and the group who underwent conservation neck dissection.

Adult↗