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Biomedical subjects

M Friedland

Publications and source records attributed to M Friedland.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Double-blind treatment of major depression with dehydroepiandrosterone.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to assess possible antidepressant effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an abundant adrenocortical hormone in humans. METHOD: Twenty-two patients with major depression, either medication-free or on stabilized antidepressant regimens, received either DHEA (maximum dose = 90 mg/day) or placebo for 6 weeks in a double-blind manner and were rated at baseline and at the end of the 6 weeks with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Patients previously stabilized with antidepressants had the study medication added to that regimen; others received DHEA or placebo alone. RESULTS: DHEA was associated with a significantly greater decrease in Hamilton depression scale ratings than was placebo. Five of the 11 patients treated with DHEA, compared with none of the 11 given placebo, showed a 50% decrease or greater in depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that DHEA treatment may have significant antidepressant effects in some patients with major depression. Further, larger-scale trials are warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Vena cava duplex imaging before caval interruption.

PURPOSE: Venacavograms are routinely obtained before vena cava filter placement to evaluate cava size, patency, and the presence of thrombus or venous anomalies. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of duplex ultrasonography to adequately evaluate the inferior vena cava (IVC) for size, patency, and the presence of thrombus before Greenfield filter (GF) insertion. METHODS: Duplex ultrasonographic scans were performed in 40 patients who had documented lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis diagnosed by duplex scan before GF placement. The infrarenal transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the IVC were measured, and the entire IVC was imaged for patency and the presence of thrombus or anomalies. Preoperative venacavograms were not obtained in any patients who had GFs placed in the operating room, but was performed during surgery during filter insertion. An additional 26 patients who had deep venous thrombosis and did not have caval interruption underwent IVC duplex to determine the patency and proximal extent of venous thrombosis. RESULTS: The indications for GF placement were contraindication to anticoagulation in 72.5% (29 patients); five filters were placed prophylactically; three for failure of anticoagulation; two after a complication of anticoagulation; and one before pulmonary embolectomy. The filters were placed in the operating room by surgeons in 82.5% of patients, with the remainder inserted in an angiography suite by an interventional radiologist. The ability of duplex to measure a transverse diameter of 26 mm or less had a sensitivity of 97.5%, positive predictive value of 100%, and overall accuracy of 97.5% using venacavography as the standard. Measurements of IVC diameter by duplex correlated with those based on venacavograms (r = 0.766; p < 0.001). Of the entire group of 66 IVC duplex examinations, one (1.5%) was incomplete because of technical limitations. IVC thrombus was noted by duplex in two patients who underwent GF insertion, which was confirmed with venacavography. No IVC anomalies were noted by duplex scans or venacavograms. CONCLUSION: Duplex ultrasonography is a useful and accurate method for assessment of the IVC before vena cava filter placement.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Hypertonic saline resuscitation detrimentally affects renal function and survival in dehydrated rats.

The purpose of our studies was to determine whether hypertonic (7.5%) saline (HTS) resuscitation is effective in the setting of dehydration. We compared the effects of HTS (5 cc/kg) to those of Ringer's lactate (RL; 45 cc/kg) on renal function, following resuscitation from hypovolemia in hydrated (free access to food/water) vs. dehydrated (food/water restricted) rats (300-350 g). Renal failure was produced by hemorrhage (15 cc/kg) plus renal artery occlusion (25 min) followed by fluid resuscitation. Dehydration was confirmed by hemoconcentration and weight loss (8-10%). Renal function was assessed at 24 hr using 14C-inulin clearance (Cin) measurements. In hydrated animals, the Cin of RL-treated rats (625 +/- 54 microliters/min/100 g; n = 12) was no different from the Cin in HTS-treated rats (517 +/- 48 microliters/min/100 g; n = 13). Among dehydrated rats, Cin in HTS-treated rats (n = 6) was significantly lower (P < or = 0.05) than in RL-treated rats (n = 5) (117 +/- 33 microliters/min/100 g vs. 542 +/- 84 microliters/min/100 g, respectively). Cin in dehydrated RL-treated rats was not significantly different from that in hydrated RL-treated rats. Furthermore, in dehydrated animals, nine of nine resuscitated with RL survived, compared to six of 13 resuscitated with HTS. All hydrated animals survived. In summary, renal failure was ameliorated by RL and worsened by HTS resuscitation in dehydrated rats. Furthermore, mortality was increased in dehydrated animals resuscitated with HTS compared to RL.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Iron metabolism.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1987

Malignant lymphomas in a population at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Certain neoplasia are closely associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). To evaluate this relationship the authors reviewed the occurrence of lymphomas in populations at high risk for AIDS; the study population included prisoners from New York State and nonprisoner intravenous drug abusers (IVDA). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was diagnosed in 16 prisoners, all of whom were IVDA, and four nonprisoner IVDA. The observed number of prisoners with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (11) diagnosed between January 1, 1981 and December 12, 1984, significantly greater than the expected number (2.28) based on age adjusted incidence rates for the US population (P less than 0.001). The calculated average incidence rate for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among New York State prisoners aged 20 to 49 years was 21.5/10(5) to 67.2/10(5), which was nearly sixfold to 18-fold higher than the general population. For prisoner IVDA, specifically, this incidence may be as high as 164/10(5), which represents a 40-fold increase in the relative risk compared with the general population. It is concluded that, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is frequently a manifestation of AIDS among IVDA, and is the most common malignancy seen in IVDA with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Prostatic and bladder cancer in the elderly.

Prostate and bladder cancer are the second and fifth leading cancers, respectively, in men over the age of 75 years. Urinary tract cancer represents 4 per cent of all malignancies in women. With careful patient selection, aggressive therapy may be employed with successful outcome.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of colorectal hepatic metastases by intrahepatic chemotherapy alone or as an adjuvant to complete or partial removal of metastatic disease.

Because of the wide variation in reported benefits from the use of intrahepatic chemotherapy for colorectal hepatic metastases, the authors performed their own phase II studies comparing the use of intrahepatic chemotherapy alone and intrahepatic chemotherapy as an adjuvant to complete or partial removal of metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver. Techniques for partial removal included unilateral and bilateral wedge resection, peripheral presinusoidal embolization of the liver, and portal vein branch ligation. Patients were staged using the per cent hepatic replacement method of Pettavel and Taylor, and patients with bilateral metastases were included in the study. Twenty-seven patients, mean age 60.3 years, were examined. There were 19 males, mean age 60.4 years, and eight females, mean age 60 years. The patients were divided into four groups. Group A had an implantable pump only; Group B had an implantable pump and resection; Group C had an implantable pump and arterial embolization and portal vein branch ligation; and Group D had an implantable pump, partial resection, arterial embolization, and portal vein branch ligation. Kaplan-Meyer survival curves were calculated for all of these groups. A separate analysis was carried out for each of the stages, and a comparison was made. The study indicated that the overall median survival time was 18 months and that the more radical the treatment in addition to chemotherapy, the better the results. Such results were not totally dependent on the staging of the tumor volume but were dependent on the degree of extirpation of the tumor. In Group C, consisting primarily of Stage IIa, IIIa, and IV patients (i.e., unresectable patients), a doubling of expected median survival to 12 months could be achieved, compared to those in Group A, which achieved a median survival of only 6 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Dyskeratosis congenita with hypoplastic anemia: a stem cell defect.

A case of dyskeratosis congenita (DC) with pancytopenia was studied in an attempt to elucidate the cause of the hypocellular bone marrow and pancytopenia. Levels of erythroid hemopoietic stem cells were estimated by clonal cell culture. Results showed a decrease in the number of precursor cells in both the bone marrow and the peripheral blood of this patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of acute leukemia with amsacrine and high-dose cytarabine.

We varied the number of doses of high-dose cytarabine (3 g/m2) given to patients with acute leukemia in relapse who were receiving therapeutic doses of amsacrine (600 mg/m2/course). Twelve patients received 13 courses of therapy. Two of six patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and one of three with acute lymphoblastic leukemia achieved remission. Dose-limiting toxicity (diarrhea) was seen in patients receiving more than five daily doses of high-dose cytarabine. We conclude that therapeutic doses of amsacrine can be combined safely with five daily doses of high-dose cytarabine and that a formal study is now required to assess the efficacy of this regimen.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

The toxic effects of heavy metals on rat bone marrow in vitro erythropoiesis: protective role of hemin and zinc.

The effects of gold (Au), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) on rat bone marrow in vitro erythropoiesis (CFUE) were studied. Au was found to be significantly toxic to CFUE growth at concentrations as low as 10(-9) M whereas Pb and Cd displayed toxicity at 10(-7) M. Addition of Pb plus Cd in combination had a greater toxic effect on CFUE growth than when the metals were added singly, and the toxic effect of Cd was reduced when Zinc (Zn) was added in combination to the cultures. When hemin (10(-6) M) was added to cultures containing 10(-6) M Au, Pb, or Cd, CFUE numbers were obtained that were equivalent to control cultures without hemin. Thus, hemin exerted a protective effect on erythropoiesis in the presence of otherwise toxic amounts of Au, Pb, and Cd. It is concluded that Au, Pb, and Cd have toxic effects on in vitro erythropoiesis and that this toxicity may be overcome in part by Zn or hemin. The possible involvement of the heme biosynthetic and degradative pathways is discussed with respect to these results.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Platelet membrane fluidity and aggregation of rabbit platelets.

Aggregation of rabbit platelets from citrated plasma in response to ADP was directly correlated with platelet plasma membrane fluidity as determined by fluorescence depolarization measurements with the probe diphenylhexatriene. Rabbits were maintained for periods of 200 and 400 days on potentially hyperlipidemic diets (20% fat by weight) with varying levels of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Dietary variations were effective in modulating the mole percentage distribution patterns of the platelet phospholipid fatty acids. The major chemical control of membrane fluidity was the actual mass of unsaturated lipid in the cells and not simply the relative percentage distributions of such unsaturated fatty acids. Substantially higher phospholipid/protein ratios were observed upon analysis of platelets and platelet membranes from rabbits after 200- than after 400-day diet periods. Accordingly lipid structures were significantly more fluid in either whole platelets or membrane isolates at the end of the shorter diet period. The observations pertaining to the extent of aggregation and membrane fluidity are in consonance with the general role of membrane fluidity in controlling biological activity and support the concept that platelet aggregation is a membrane-associated phenomenon.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗