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Biomedical subjects

M Fotino

Publications and source records attributed to M Fotino.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Impaired fc-mediated mononuclear phagocyte system clearance in HLA-DR2 and MT1-positive healthy young adults.

Normal individuals with an HLA haplotype containing either DR2, MT1, or B8/DR3 are more likely to have abnormally prolonged Fc receptor-mediated mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) clearance of IgG-sensitized autologous erythrocytes than their normal counterparts without such haplotypes. Although measurement of Fc receptor binding by rosette formation and saturable IgG aggregate binding revealed no differences among groups, Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis of IgG-sensitized bovine erythrocytes by monocytes was decreased in the DR2-positive and MT1-positive individuals. The basal in vivo MPS clearance in normal individuals may be immunogenetically determined and may reflect differences in phagocytic rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Natural history of cadaveric kidney transplants in the absence of early acute rejection.

The foremost goal in organ transplantation is to achieve normal graft function without rejection. 31 (8.7%) of 357 cadaveric kidney transplant had no evidence of rejection for the first 3 months. Among these, 2 patients died with a functioning graft and four grafts failed during the 1- to 7-year follow-up period. Actuarial graft survival rates of these patients were 96.8 and 79.0% at 2 and 5 years, respectively, as compared with 64.6 and 51.2%, respectively, for the controls (p less than 0.01). Multiple preoperative blood transfusions and the adjunctive immunosuppressive therapy with retroplacental gamma globulin appeared to be playing a role for the induction of the 'no-rejection' state. However, continuous immunosuppressive therapy is necessary to maintain graft function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Immunogenetic and clinical findings in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Association with the B-cell alloantigen HLA-DR2.

In order to assess the role of immunogenetic factors in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), HLA-A, B, C, and DR typing was performed on 20 Caucasian patients with IPF seen from 1978 to 1980 and in 200 healthy blood donors. An increase in the frequency of the B-cell alloantigen, HLA-DR2, was observed; HLA-DR2 was found in 65% of patients with IPF compared with 26% of the control subjects (corrected p value = 0.005, chi-square = 11.476, relative risk = 5.286). Although not significant, increases were observed in HLA-B7 and HLA-A3, antigens known to be in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DR2. The HLA-DR2 was observed in 12 of 14 patients with "ground glass linear" and "cystic honeycombing" radiographic patterns, whereas it was observed in only 1 of 6 patients with "ascinar nodular" radiographic patterns (p = 0.01). No other correlation was observed between HLA type and clinical, laboratory, or pathologic parameters. We conclude that immunogenetic factors, perhaps genes within the major histocompatibility complex, are relevant to the pathogenesis of IPF.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Shared HLA antigens and reproductive performance among Hutterites.

Shared histocompatibility antigens between spouses may affect reproductive outcome adversely as a result of prenatal selection against compatible fetuses. Evidence from both animal and human studies suggest that histocompatible fetuses may not initiate a maternal immunologic response that prevents rejection of the embryo. Therefore, parents sharing HLA antigens may produce compatible fetuses and consequently experience a greater frequency of early fetal losses and show poorer reproductive outcome than couples not sharing antigens. In the Hutterites, an inbred human isolate that proscribes contraception, we tested the hypothesis that couples sharing HLA antigens have poorer reproductive outcomes than couples who do not. The Hutterites are characterized by high fertility and large family sizes. Couples that share zero (no. = 21), one (no. = 15), and more than one (no. = 10) HLA-A or HLA-B antigens were compared for reproductive performance. Median intervals between births were larger among couples that share more than one antigen in eight of 11 intervals examined. In addition, the median intervals from marriage to first, fifth, and tenth birth were consistently larger among couples that share more than one antigen. Differences among the groups appear to become larger with increasing parity, suggesting that the effect of histocompatibility on reproductive performance becomes more evident in later pregnancies. These differences in reproductive performance between couples that share zero, one, or more than one HLA-A or HLA-B antigens may have significant evolutionary consequences. However, our results demonstrate that sharing HLA antigens does not preclude normal pregnancy and caution should be exercised before concluding that shared HLA antigens are solely responsible for repeated fetal losses.

Birth Intervals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of repeated, small aliquot, same donor transfusions of HL-A defined blood on prospective recipients.

A series of HL-A defined, nonrelated blood transfusions given in small aliquots from the same donor to prospective cadaveric and living-related donor recipients has been presented. The results to date show 100% kidney survival in this small series over a relatively short period of time. The rejections noted have been very mild, and easily reversed. Nonspecific antibodies appear to be produced by the recipients in response to the blood, and these antibodies seem to have no negative effect upon kidney survival. This method of small aliquot transfusion to produce the desired effect is cheaper, wastes less blood, is less likely to lead to a CMV or HAA infestation in the transfusion recipient, and appears to be a highly efficient method of producing the desired effect.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1981

Declining transplantability of prospective kidney transplant recipients.

The total number of cadaveric kidney transplants has been declining, despite an increasing dialysis population, greater understanding of transplant immunology, and improved transplant management. To explore the causes of this decline, various factors were studied in 140 dialysis patients who were awaiting transplantation and 100 consecutive recipients of cadaveric kidney transplants. The study indicates that there is a growing, now predominant, prospective kidney recipient population that is highly sensitized because of previous blood transfusions and kidney transplantations. As a result, 92% of the prospective recipients exhibit varying degrees of lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Thus, a major problem in clinical transplantation is the growing number of dialysis patients who are virtually untransplantable. The declining number of cadaveric kidney transplantations may be caused by, in part, changing immunologic characteristics in the recipient population.

Antilymphocyte Serum↗
PubMed1980

Hepatitis B vaccine: immune responses in haemodialysis patients.

Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) developed within six months in 80% of haemodialysis patients given either two or three 40 micrograms doses of hepatitis B vaccine. A total of 89% had anti-HBs after a booster dose given six months later. Anti-HBs titres were higher in patients who received three initial doses than in those who received only two doses, but the proportion of anti-HBs-positive patients was the same in the two groups. Male patients became anti-HBs positive less often than females and their antibody titres were lower.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

HLA-A28 and steroid-induced diabetes in renal transplant patients.

Between July 1971 and March 1977, steroid-induced diabetes (SD) developed postoperatively in 31 (10.8%) of 286 nondiabetic adult kidney transplant recipients who were observed for a total of 410 patient transplant years. There was a highly significant association between HLA-A28 and SD. There was no significant association between SD and BB or Bw 15. Age was also associated with SD. However, A28 was associated with SD even when corrected for age. A28 occurred more frequently in blacks than whites, 25.4% and 6.3%, respectively, and accounted for the higher incidence of SD in black adults. There were no significant associations between SD and patients' sex, donor source, number of short-term rejection treatments, or maintenance dose of corticosteroids. Steroid-induced diabetes had no adverse effects on graft or patient survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Detection of HLA antigens on progeria syndrome fibroblasts.

It has been suggested that cultured skin fibroblasts derived from patients with progeria, a premature aging syndrome, have absent or markedly reduced HLA antigen expression, thus implicating a possible immunological role in the pathogenesis of this disease. An analysis of HLA expression in nine progeric fibroblast strains and related familial strains is reported. Normal HLA expression and inheritance were found. No significant association between HLA type and progeria was detected. Therefore, we conclude an abnormality of HLA expression is unlikely to be an underlying defect in progeria.

Cells, Cultured↗