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Biomedical subjects

M Foster

Publications and source records attributed to M Foster.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Functional characterization of three adenosine receptor types.

1. The purpose of the present study was to classify adenosine receptors into A1 and A2 subtypes in a wide range of isolated tissues and cell types (rat adipocytes and atria, guinea-pig ileum and atria (A1); guinea-pig aorta, dog coronary artery and human platelets and neutrophils (A2)) using the R- and S-diastereoisomers of N-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA), N-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), the novel compound, N-[(1S,trans)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl]adenosine (GR79236), N-[(2-methylphenyl)methyl]adenosine (metrifudil), 2-(phenylamino)adenosine (CV1808), and 2[[2-[4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenyl]ethyl]amino]-N- ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS21680); N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) was used as a standard. 2. Results obtained in all tissue preparations previously reported to contain A1-receptors could be described by a single rank order of agonist potency: CPA > or = GR79236, R-PIA > or = NECA >> S-PAI > or = metrifudil > or = CV1808, CGS21680. 3. In contrast, two distinct rank orders of agonist potency were observed in preparations previously reported to contain A2-receptors. In dog coronary artery, human neutrophils and platelets the rank order of potency was: CV1808, CGS21680 > or = NECA > R-PIA > or = metrifudil > or = CPA > GR79236 S-PIA. However, in guinea-pig aorta the rank order was: NECA > metrifudil > R-PIA, CPA > CV1808, GR79236 > or = S-PIA, CGS21680. 4. The results of this study are consistent with the existence of three types of adenosine receptor: A1-and two subtypes of A2-receptor. The receptor present in dog coronary artery, human platelets and neutrophils, probably corresponds to the A2a subtype, whilst that present in the guinea-pig aorta may be of the A2b subtype.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1993

Open mouth posture and cross-sectional nasal area in young children.

A biracial sample of two-hundred ninety-six children were assessed for open-mouth posture (OMP) in the natural environment. In addition, rhinometry was performed on 288 of the youngsters. Means were computed for percent OMP and cross-sectional nasal airway. Results indicated that in general these children exhibited relatively high rates of OMP. Boys displayed significantly greater OMP than girls. However, children exhibiting OMP on 80% of the observation intervals had significantly smaller cross-sectional nasal areas than the youngsters who displayed OMP on fewer than 20% of observation intervals. The implications of the findings were discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Developmental pathways through childhood for children treated in a neonatal intensive care unit.

We report the findings of a longitudinal study of children who were treated in the neonatal intensive care units in 1975-78. Relationships are described between measures of conditions and treatments of both mothers and newborns during the perinatal period and measures representing motor, neurological, developmental, and ability functions of the children at 15 months, 4 years and 7 years. The results of multivariate and path analyses are presented in which a latent variable approach is used to characterize the covariation between signs, symptoms, and treatment in the perinatal period and the major dimensions of functioning at the follow-up occasions. Included among several noteworthy pathways between the latents of the various periods were ones from fetal distress, asphyxia, early crisis, intraventricular hemorrhage, anemia of prematurity, and number of days in the unit.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[Augmentin].

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Adult↗
PubMed1992

Combating MRSA.

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Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1991

Evidence for essential histidine and cysteine residues in calcium/calmodulin-sensitive cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.

Ca/calmodulin-sensitive cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CaM-PDE) is an important enzyme regulating cGMP levels and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. This modification study was conducted mostly with bovine brain CaM-PDE to identify essential functional groups involved in catalysis. The effect of pH on Vmax/Km indicates two essential residues with pKa values of 6.4 and 8.2. Diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEP), a histidine-modifying agent, inhibits CaM-PDE with a second-order rate constant of 130 M-1 min-1 at pH 7.0 and 30 degrees C. Activity is restored by NH2OH. The pH dependence of inactivation reveals that the essential residue modified by DEP has an apparent pKa of 6.5. The difference spectrum of the intact and DEP-treated enzyme shows a maximum between 230 and 240 nm, suggesting formation of carbethoxy derivatives of histidine. The enzyme is also inactivated by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), both sulfhydryl-modifying agents, with the latter effect reversed by dithiothreitol, which suggests inactivation resulting from modification of cysteine residue(s). Partial inactivation of the enzyme by DEP or NEM results in an apparent decrease in the Vmax without a change in the Km or the extent of CaM stimulation. The rate of inactivation by DEP is greater in the presence than in the absence of Ca/CaM. A substrate analogue, Br-cGMP, and the competitive inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine partially protect the enzyme against inactivation by DEP or NEM, suggesting that the modification of histidine and cysteine residues occurs at or near the active site. DEP also inactivated porcine brain CaM-PDE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Uses of an empirically derived client typology based on level of functioning: twelve years of the CCAR.

The Colorado Client Assessment Record (CCAR) is a problem checklist and level of functioning rating instrument used to describe admission to a public mental health system. A brief, non-technical summary of recent research and administrative applications involving this instrument is presented. A stable factor structure, generalizable to several diverse client populations, is reported. Scaling procedures for measuring these procedures and a client typology based on this scaling are described. The client typology is differentially related to the types of services received and the costs of treatment episodes. The typology is also used to understand differences in case mixes and lengths of stay at two state hospitals.

Colorado↗
PubMed1991

Electronic fetal heart monitoring, auscultation, and neonatal outcome.

In a large randomized, controlled study of fetal heart rate monitoring with either continuous electronic fetal heart monitoring or auscultation at specified intervals, only one pattern of deviation in the fetal heart rate correlated significantly with neonatal neurologic examinations at 0 to 48 hours and 72 hours to 1 week: late decelerations in stage 1 and in stage 2. Other variables from labor and delivery, specifically, duration of labor after hospital admission, failure of labor to progress, number of fetal scalp pH values, and presence of meconium were important predictors of neonatal outcome in the regression analyses. The fetal heart rate deviations did contribute significantly to the percent variance accounted for in the regression analyses with neonatal outcomes of Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes and serial neonatal neurologic examinations.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1991

The relation between perinatal conditions and developmental outcome in low birthweight infants. Comparison of two cohorts.

We have compared the relations between perinatal conditions and developmental outcomes at age four years for two cohorts of children with birthweights 2,300 g or less, who did not develop cerebral palsy--one from Southeastern Wisconsin (children born 1975-76) and the other from Copenhagen (children born 1980-82). We examined the general effects of parental education and socioeconomic status, the use of Cesarean section, the degree of prematurity and neonatal complications on outcome. The methods of latent path structural analysis were used to form two models among 15 latent variables: one for children from Copenhagen and a similar model for children from Wisconsin. The impact of parental education and socioeconomic status was somewhat greater in Wisconsin. Several neonatal complications were related to outcome in Wisconsin: the early condition of the infant, use of a respirator, pneumothorax, and anemia/apnea. The only neonatal complication with a significant relation to outcome in Copenhagen was pneumothorax and to a much lesser degree major germinal layer haemorrhage. The degree of prematurity per se had a greater impact in Copenhagen. The use of Cesarean section and mechanical ventilation in the smallest infants was much more frequent in Denmark, but no association could be shown between this increased use and improved developmental outcome.

Child Development↗
PubMed1991

A practical approach to teaching nursing research.

Nurse educators often struggle to take the mystique out of research for undergraduate students. A learning experience to implement the research process at a level appropriate for senior nursing baccalaureate students presented itself during a community clinical practicum. Students who had completed a health assessment of a seniors retiree club identified lack of membership growth as a concern. Their instructor encouraged and helped them to investigate this problem further by applying research concepts. The experience demonstrates that nursing research can be incorporated successfully in the clinical area.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Controlled inversion therapy: an adjunct to the elimination of gravity-dependent fragments following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

The retention of passable stone debris is the primary shortcoming of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Residual stone debris is located almost universally in gravity-dependent caudal calices. Our findings suggest that multiple sessions of controlled inversion therapy could have a beneficial role in the postoperative management of this select group of patients.

Fluid Therapy↗
PubMed1989

Altered laryngeal function following thyroidectomy.

The laryngograph was used to record and compare the voice changes in 11 thyroidectomy patients and 14 controls. The frequency histogram was studied and the change in its spread following surgery used to identify abnormal vocal fold movements due to recurrent laryngeal nerve damage. It also demonstrated changes which occur in thyroidectomy patients and not in patients having other operations. The possible causes include external laryngeal nerve damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Treating ulcers.

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Bandages↗