The RNA extracted from normal peritoneal macrophages exposed to a linear, random synthetic polypeptide, Glu(60)Ala(30)Tyr(10), initiated an immune response in C57B1/6J mice, although this strain responds very poorly to the antigen itself. From 10 to 150 micrograms of RNA obtained from mouse, rat, or rabbit macrophages was injected intraperitoneally into recipient mice, and specific antibody was detectable by passive hemagglutination 3 to 4 weeks later. Treatment of the RNA with ribonuclease destroyed its ability to initiate a specific immune response. The RNA contained by weight 0.02 percent of the (specific) antigen. The RNA obtained from cells incubated with a second polypeptide, Glu(36)Lys(24)Ala(40), initiated a response specific for this polymer. This RNA even when incubated in vitro with Glu(60)Ala(30)Tyr(10) failed to initiate antibody formation specific for Glu(60)Ala(30)Tyr(10).

Animals↗

PubMed1966

Antibody formation initiated in vitro. 3. Antibody formation and allotypic specificity directed by ribonucleic acid from peritoneal exudate cells.

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Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Psychiatric care for patients with HIV infection. The varying perspectives.

This article reviews the literature on the classification and treatment of psychiatric morbidity associated with infection from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The psychiatric disorders seen in HIV-infected patients are formulated by using one of the following four perspectives as treatment guides: 1) the syndromal or disease perspective, 2) the dispositional or personality perspective, 3) the behavioral or addictive perspective, and 4) the life story perspective.

Antipsychotic Agents↗

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The effectiveness of psychiatric treatment for HIV-infected patients.

The study sought to determine the effectiveness of a model program of psychiatric care for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. This was a cohort study of 126 HIV-positive outpatients referred for psychiatric evaluation and treatment (average follow up of 14 months) in a HIV-dedicated primary-care outpatient clinic in the inner city. A global outcome measure (encompassing symptom relief, functioning, and HIV-risk behaviors), and a measure of abstinence from alcohol and illicit substances were used. Fifty percent of patients improved, with 19% "nearly well" at follow-up. Abstinence was achieved 48% of the time. Good compliance with treatment and the absence of injection drug use were the primary predictors of good outcomes. Of the compliant patients, 94% improved, with 45.7% being nearly well. Psychiatric treatment of HIV-infected patients is effective when located in the HIV primary-care setting and administered by a multidisciplinary team under the direction of a psychiatrist, using evidence-based interventions.

Adult↗

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Endophthalmitis in a patient with disseminated cryptococcosis and AIDS who was treated with itraconazole.

We report a case of presumed cryptococcal endophthalmitis that occurred in a patient with severe disseminated cryptococcosis and AIDS. Multiple small, spherical lesions appeared bilaterally on the surface of the retina 2 weeks after cryptococcal meningitis was diagnosed; the lesions were associated with multiple blind spots, blurred vision, and the perception of flaring of light. Over the next week, many more lesions with adjacent hemorrhages appeared. Therapy with itraconazole over the next 3 months resulted in complete resolution of the lesions. Cryptococcal endophthalmitis is a rare disease. Fewer than 20 cases, including five in patients with AIDS, have previously been reported. None of these patients regained normal vision.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiac MR imaging in Pompe disease.

The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in a 5-month-old infant with glycogen storage disease of the heart revealed hypertrophy of the right and left ventricles and the interventricular septum with an irregular inhomogeneous appearance of the myocardium. The descriptive features of the MR study are correlated with cardiac angiography and echocardiography in Pompe disease.

Angiocardiography↗

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B-scan ocular ultrasonography in preterm and term infants.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the normal B-scan ocular ultrasonographic findings in preterm and term newborns. This information would be useful in making perinatal ocular diagnoses, especially in consideration of the rapidly changing eyes of normal infants shortly after birth. METHODS: One hundred two healthy infants aged 28 to 48 weeks postconception were prospectively studied. Eighty-six had complete sonograms, while others had incomplete examinations due to systemic instability. B-scan ultrasonography was conducted through acoustic coupling medium and a closed eyelid using the Coopervision Ultrascan 404 unit. The ultrasound findings were evaluated relative to the infant's postconceptional age and weight at examination and the axial lengths of each eye. The ultrasonographer, who determined the presence of abnormal findings, was masked to the parameters mentioned above. RESULTS: Four specific findings frequently were noted in newborns that would be considered abnormal in adult eyes. These were: 1) a visible Tenon's capsule; 2) prominent superior ophthalmic vein; 3) sonolucent extraocular muscles; and 4) vitreous opacities. These findings were more common in the more premature infants (P < 0.01 by t test). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of these four ultrasonographic findings in the eyes of infants should be considered normal, and should not necessarily prompt further work up until after the perinatal period.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The New Stories/New Cultures after-school enrichment program: a direct cultural intervention.

This article describes the organization, curriculum, and outcomes for New Stories/New Cultures, an activity-based program for after-school enrichment in five schools in the low-income neighborhood near a major American university. The program encourages students (70% Hispanic-American, 30% African-American) to experience themselves as producers of culture, not just as consumers. Its methods include (a) creative team use of video equipment and other expressive media and (b) lessons about media literacy (i.e., making critical choices about images and activities depicted in popular culture and commercials). Outcome measures with the cohort of fifth and sixth graders support the programs occupation-based philosophy. They show that students are more likely to experience themselves as building skills when engaged in activities that are both challenging and enjoyable. The students reported greatest engagement and enjoyment in activities that were creative, team-based, and involving media production. These same activities were correlated with increased self-esteem. The term direct cultural intervention is used to describe the application of occupational principles and critical perspectives to provide a population with conceptual tools and skills for interpreting and successfully navigating the social world.

Black or African American↗