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Biomedical subjects

M Fischler

Publications and source records attributed to M Fischler.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Hemodialysis in patients with chronic schizophrenia (author's transl)].

In an open study three chronically schizophrenic patients with normal kidney function were treated by hemodialysis in an attempt to ameliorate their psychotic symptoms. Neuroleptic treatment was stopped at least four weeks prior to hemodialysis. The patients were dialysed once weekly for twelve (in one case eleven) weeks. Psychopathology was evaluated using the IMPS, BPRS and NOSIE. No patient showed any improvement during the course of dialysis, one patient showed a marked detrioration. These observations raise doubts about whether schizophrenic psychoses can be improved by means of hemodialysis as previously published by Wagemaker (1977).

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Assessment of left ventricular function in patients with aortic regurgitation using dynamic investigation (author's transl)].

To assess accurately left ventricular function (LVF) in patients with aortic regurgitation (AR pts), isometric exercise (IE) was used in association with postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP) during diagnostic heart catheterization including left cineventriculography in 16 pts with pure moderate or severe AR. The results were compared with those observed in 8 control pts (C pts). IE resulted in a significant increase in heart rate by 15 p. cent and in an increase in mean aortic pressure by 29 p. cent (p < 0.001). During IE, LV end diastolic pressure (EDP) remained unchanged in C pts and in 6 AR pts whereas this value was increased by 49 p. cent (p < 0.01) in 7 AR pts without a significant change in LV end diastolic volume. Ejection fraction (EF) was decreased in each AR pt (mean 14 p. cent; p < 0.001) and remained unchanged in C pts. A negative correlation was evidenced between the decrease in EF and the increase in LVEDP (r = 0.76). PESP resulted in a increase in EF in both C pts and AR pts (+ 25 and + 29 p. cent respectively; p < 0.001). PESP under IE resulted in a lower increase in EF than PESP under basal conditions (+ 19 and + 24 p. cent respectively) mainly due to the increase in after load provided by IE. Dynamic investigation of the LVF in AR pts is a physiological method of investigation easy to perform which may assess both LV contractile reserve and cardiac reserve. Such a method of investigation may help to select AR pts for surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hemodialysis in schizophrenia. Results in three chronic cases.

Therapeutic trials with hemodialysis have been performed in three cases of chronic schizophrenia. The severely ill patients had been hospitalized for more than ten years and had not responded to different types of conventional somatic treatment. Psychopathology was evaluated by use of the IMPS, BPRS, and NOSIE scales. No improvement could be observed as a consequence of 12 (11 in one case) hemodialysis treatments. Rather, some deterioration occurred in two of the patients. This result is not in accord with the markedly positive findings of Wagemaker and Cade (1977). However, further studies appear necessary to render final conclusions.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between mood changes and adrenal cortical activity in a patient with 48-hour unipolar-depressive cycles.

A 66-year-old patient with 48-hour unipolar-depressive cycles was studied in the hospital for one month and in an isolation unit for two weeks. At 3-hour intervals during the day and once at night the mood state was assessed by two self-rating scales and urine was collected for the determination of urinary free cortisol (UFC). In the hospital there was a regular alternation between 'good' and 'bad' days. Without exception the switch from normal to depressive mood occurred between 22:00 and 2:30, when the patient was sleeping. The switch from depressive to good mood was variable and occurred in the late morning or in the afternoon. On a 24-hour basis a highly significant correlation was seen between the mood state and the UFC excretion: r = 0.73, P less than 0.001 (hospital); r = 0.82, P less than 0.01 (isolation unit). The shape of the 24-hour profile for the UFC excretion was similar on good and bad days, with a maximum between 2:30 and 7:00 and a minimum between 19:00 and 2:30. However, on bad days UFC was elevated at all clock times. A decrease in adrenal cortical activity preceded or was parallel to substantial improvement in the mood state. Internal desynchronization occurred in the isolation unit but not in the hospital, with a rest-activity period of 18.6 h and a period close to 24 h for UFC excretion. Changes in mood were associated with both cycles, and a very close link between the switch from normal to depressive mood and the sleep state could be demonstrated.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1979

beta-Endorphin-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.

Measurements of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity have been performed in CSF and plasma of patients with schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. The detection limit of the RIA was between 20--50 pg/ml (6--15 fmole/ml). In CSF the quantity of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity ranges up to 65 pg/ml. The data from schizophrenics and other neuropsychiatric patients show no obvious deviation from the results in a control group of medical patients with normal CSF findings. In plasma the immunoreactive beta-endorphin-like material ranges up to 250 pg/ml. There is only a small tendency to higher values in schizophrenic patients, if compared with different types of neuroses and affective and organic psychoses. In a second series of experiments also this tendency could not be reproduced. In 9 electroconvulsive treatments an increase of blood beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity was observed 7 times. A possible endorphinergic mechanism in the mode of action of electroconvulsion is hypothesized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Single motor unit activity in extraocular muscles in man during fixation and saccades.

Extraocular motor unit activity was recorded electromyographically from the lateral and medial rectus muscles in eight normal subjects, together with their EOGs. Twelve motor units showed a discharge pattern characterized by regular firing during positions of fixation, a burst of saccadic "on" activity and complete silence during saccades in the "off" direction. Two other units seemed to be phasic or predominantly phasic. Interval analysis in 7 of the above 12 units during positions of fixation showed a linear rate position relationship of the units together with an extreme regularity of consecutive discharge intervals. The peak frequency of saccadic motor unit activity occurred at the onset of the burst and increased with increasing size of the saccade up to 15--20 degrees. The motor units stopped firing a few milliseconds before the onset of a saccade in the "off" direction but resumed their activity before the end of the eye movement, with an instantaneous discharge rate which was greater than the post-saccadic discharge rate. It was shown that the antagonist muscle plays an active part to end the saccade by serving as a brake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Information transfer in the human perception of body position in space during lateral tilt (author's transl)].

(1) With eight human subjects, the perception of position in space during lateral tilt was studied by a method of absolute judgement. A preliminary analysis showed that each subject required 1000 stimuli, with 36 stimulus categories, to attain statisticach subject required 1000 stimuli, with 36 stimulus categories, to attain statistical significance. (2) Since it would be hard to experiment with such long durations, normalized experiments were pooled. The average information transfer was 3.0 bit/stimulus. (3) A closer look at the information transmission in various portions of the stimulus-response relationship (partial information transfer) revealed that near the vertical, with the head uppermost, there is more information transmission than in all other positions. This is in contrast to the visual perception of line orientation. (4) The stimulus-response relationship shows a small nonlinearity. Deviations of the body position from the vertical, with the head down, are underestimated up to 70 degrees away from the vertical; deviations from the vertical with the head uppermost are underestimated up to 10 degrees away from the vertical but overestimated up to 70 degrees.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

[Follow-up studies of subtotal carotid artery stenosis (author's transl)].

Angiographic and/or operative follow up studies on 19 patients with angiographically demonstrated subtotal carotid artery stenosis showed the following results: In 3 out of 16 cases where no immediate operation of the stenosis was performed, complete occlusion followed within a week of the angiographic demonstration of the stenosis. Though intramural artifacts did not occur, this could be a consequence of the angiographic procedure (temporary fall of blood pressure?). In 4 out of 7 cases with subtotal stenosis where the diagnosis was known for at least 6 months, no occlusion occurred. The blood flow through a subtotal carotid artery stenosis might not be as small as is usually assumed, as illustrated by 2 out of 3 cases where a definite increase in the symptoms occurred on complete occlusion of the the vessel. The results indicate that cases of subtotal stenosis should be promptly treated by disobliteration.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1975

[The diagnostic value of the F wave latency (author's transl)].

The N. medianus was stimulated electrically in 44 healthy persons and in 30 unselected diabetics. Latencies of the F wave were measured, corrected for different lengths of the upper extremity, and used for computation of nerve conduction velocity. In comparison with conventional motor nerve conduction velocities the F wave latencies showed a more pronounced difference between the normal and the pathological (diabetic) range. The F wave nerve conduction velocities also varied less than conventional nerve conduction velocities. The explanation for this might be that the F wave recordings are the result of a full anti- and orthodromic impulse propagation which travels 5 to 6 times further than the impulse measured with conventional nerve conduction velocity methods. Therefore small delays of nerve conduction will be amplified and can be better recognized by F wave latency measurements. The present findings suggest that F wave latencies may be more sensitive than conventional nerve conduction velocities in evaluating mild cases and in identifying the initial phases of neuropathies.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Air entrainment during high-frequency jet-ventilation. Simulation of a bronchoscopy with a lung model.

Air entrainment contribution to jet-ventilation during bronchoscopy was evaluated as a lung model (increasing compliance and airway resistance). Ventilation was provided through a 10 mm internal diameter tube using either jet alone without air entrainment, or injection with air entrainment (coaxial and lateral injectors). Three I/E ratios (0.25, 0.43 and 0.67) and nine rates of ventilation, ranging from 20 to 300 c X min-1, were assessed. The driving pressure of the injected air was 350 +/- 10 kPa. Air entrainment is an important part of total ventilation (63.7 +/- 5.5%). The magnitude of air entrainment depends upon the levels of peak and end expiratory airway pressures. Increase in lung volume varies linearly with the end expiratory pressure. Air entrainment contributes to keep the tidal volume above the model dead-space. CO2 elimination is related to the magnitude of ventilated volumes. The amount of entrained air interferes with the FIO2 of delivered gases. During bronchoscopy, lateral injection should be preferred because of smaller airway pressures (- 31.2 +/- 0.6%) and lung volumes, while tidal volumes remain adequate.

Airway Resistance↗