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Biomedical subjects

M Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to M Fischer.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Aplastic anemia: assessment of myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow and blood provides prognostic information.

15 patients with aplastic anemia were prospectively followed after having measurements of myeloid progenitor cells in bone marrow and blood. Treatment included androgens, low or high dose steroids and standardized supportive care. The median length of survival was 5.8 months. When patients were grouped according to the numbers of myeloid progenitor cells present in their blood and bone marrow, we found that the survival length of aplastic patients with higher progenitor cell numbers was prolonged when compared to that of patients with lower numbers of these cells. The prognostic information obtained from such in vitro cultures was particularly indicative when the patients were grouped according to 'growth' and 'no growth': the absence of colony-forming myeloid stem cells was associated with survival times significantly shorter than those of patients whose cells maintained their colony-forming capacity. Besides initial numbers of myeloid progenitor cells, only initial numbers of granulocytes were related to survival length. Thus, the measurement of myeloid progenitor cells in bone marrow and blood can be of prognostic value in patients with aplastic anemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

On the importance of resection length and tension for ureter end-to-end anastomoses.

40 end-to-end anastomoses in dogs were made, partially under considerable tension, in the lower part of the ureter after transverse division and after resection of segments between 3 and 10 cm. In three operative modifications the influence of resection length, tension, and microsurgical technique on the function of anastomoses was examined. As an equivalent to tension the approximation distance of the ends of the ureter was measured after resection of segments. Controls prove the superiority of the microsurgical procedure. In our experiments the resection length lies far above the reported maximum resection length of 3-5 cm. The results are not dependent on the resection length. There is every reason to believe that even the tension that lies on the anastomosis is not very important for the results.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Synopsis of the Seminar on Breast Feeding Promotion in Central America, Panama and the Dominican Republic. Isla Contadora, Panama, 1983].

The most recent and reliable information on the status of breast-feeding in Central América, Panama and the Dominican Republic indicates that during the last decades, in all of these countries there has been a decrease in the prevalence and duration of breast-feeding. In some of them, this situation would seem to be reverting. Considering the importance that breast-feeding has on children's health and nutrition, the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), organized a Regional Seminar on the Promotion of Breast-feeding, which was held in Contadora Island, Panama, in April, 1983. Based on the discussions of the working groups, sectoral and integrated recommendations were formulated for the purpose of promoting breast-feeding. This document contains specific recommendations for each of the sectors represented in the Seminar.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1985

[Breast feeding practice and activities for its promotion in Central America, Panamá and Dominican Republic].

This paper summarizes the data presented by the representatives of Central America, Panama and the Dominican Republic at the II Regional Seminar on the Promotion of Breast-Feeding, held in Isla Contadora, Panama, April 25-29, 1983. The representatives of Costa Rica, Honduras and Panama provided up-to-date, representative data in regard to the breast-feeding practice. The average weaning age in the urban and rural areas of Costa Rica is 6 and 4 months, respectively. In Honduras and Panama, 43 and 17% of the infants from urban areas, and 21 and 37% of the babies from rural areas, respectively, were weaned before they reached four months of age. The need for availability of permanent systems to collect information on the breast-feeding practice in the different countries is pointed out. With regard to promotion actions, the absence of a national policy in favor of breast-feeding is evident. Moreover, in the national education systems, little importance is given to the subject. On the other hand, the advances achieved by some hospitals in favoring breast-feeding are mentioned. These include rooming in, the feeding of colostrum to newborns, and the establishment of human milk banks to feed premature babies whose mothers are unable to breast-feed them. Another acknowledged fact is that in the rural areas the agricultural home educators do not reinforce the breast-feeding practice. Also, there is a lack of information on the fulfillment of laws instituted for the protection of pregnant and lactating mothers, as far as pre and postnatal rest is concerned.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1985

Topical nitroglycerin ointment in Raynaud's phenomenon.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the hemodynamics of nitroglycerin ointment in Raynaud's phenomenon. 22 patients (15 women and 7 men aged 25-75 years) suffering from Raynaud's phenomenon were investigated in a double-blind paradigm. Blood flow measurements were performed by venous occlusion plethysmography. Cardiac output was registered by means of impedance cardiography. 800 mg nitroglycerin ointment 2% was applied on one hand only. In the placebo group, finger blood flow, blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output did not change significantly. In the group receiving nitroglycerin, finger blood flow increased significantly from 21.6 +/- 6.0 to 31.7 +/- 7.0 ml/100 ml/min. Systolic blood pressure decreased from 126 +/- 4 to 118 +/- 3 mmHg. Cardiac output significantly decreased from 7.3 +/- 0.8 to 6.3 +/- 0.5 l/min. It is concluded that nitroglycerin ointment in Raynaud's phenomenon has a local and a systemic effect as well, because, on the one hand, cardiac output and blood pressure decreased whereas, on the other hand, the increase in finger blood flow was more marked in the treated hand than in the contralateral control fingers.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

[Apolipoproteins A and B in cerebrovascular diseases].

The present study has proved unequivocally the value of determining apolipoproteins A and B and the APO-L A/B quotient for establishing the risk for cerebrovascular disease. The determination of apolipoproteins should be preferred to the determination of HDL, LDL and VLDL, which has been practised so far. While only 30% of a group of 88 patients suffering from cerebrovascular disease had serum cholesterol levels of more than 250 mg/dl and approx. 57% showed HDL values below 40 mg/dl, a reduced APO-L A/B relation (less than 1.75) was demonstrated in 74%. A reduced APO-L A/B quotient was also observed in more than 70% of 62 CVD patients whose cholesterol level was within the range of normal. Determination of apolipoproteins may, therefore, be regarded as further progress in risk factor diagnostic of arteriosclerotic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Pharmacokinetics and biologic availability of a new theophylline sustained-release preparation].

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of a new anhydrous sustained release theophylline preparation (GTR-80 300 mg, Theospirex) were compared to those of an orally administered marketed solution containing theophylline-ethylenediamine and to a sustained release preparation containing theophylline-ethylene-diamine (control preparation). Eight healthy volunteers received in a cross-over design GTR-80 (300 mg) and the control preparation (350 mg) at single doses - nine volunteers received the solution in a quantity corresponding to 200 mg anhydrous theophylline. During the observation period 0-24 h the relative bioavailability of GTR-80 (calculated on the basis of equivalent doses) was 135% versus control preparation and 80% versus solution. During the observation period 0-36 h, the comparison of the dose-adjusted areas under the serum level-time curves of GTR-80 showed 116% versus control preparation and 91.5% versus solution. Statistical evaluation revealed significant differences in the observation period 0-24 h. Extrapolation of the solution's serum values indicated a shift towards the non-significant range for the observation period 0-36 h. The protracted action of GTR-80 300 mg could be demonstrated by the significantly longer period elapsing before reaching serum peaks compared to that after dosing of the fast absorbing solution. The lower interindividual deviations with respect to the parameters of Cmax and AUC after administration of GTR-80 as against the control preparation should be of interest in therapeutical use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Changes in antithrombin III values during and after extracorporeal circulation in heart surgery, measured on the day of operation using a chromogenic substrate and a laser nephelometer].

The changes in antithrombin III in 31 patients who underwent open-heart surgery were measured during the period of extracorporeal circulation and afterwards over a total period of 24 hours by means of a chromogenic substrate, as well as by laser nephelometry. Both the actual changes in antithrombin III, as well as the theoretical changes calculated by eliminating the effect of haemodilution are discussed. The functional test indicates that the loss of antithrombin-III activity, in general, is due to the effect of haemodilution. However, marked individual differences were noted in the reaction pattern. The results of nephelometric measurements were inconsistent and seemed to indicate that routine procedures in laser nephelometry are hardly suitable for the purpose of comparison of samples with marked haematocrit differences.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1984

[Nuclear medical therapy of pheochromocytoma].

131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) is used for localization procedures in patients with phaeochromocytoma. In high doses and concentrations the same radiopharmaceutical agent can be used for treatment of adrenomedullary tumors. In 4 of our patients, treatment with 131I-MIBG improved the clinical symptoms. In 2 patients with a multilocular phaeochromocytoma, a tumor reduction of some 61% after a total dose of 415 mCi, and of about 10% in the second patient after 365 mCi 131I-MIBG, was measured by computed tomography. In a unilocular intra-adrenal phaeochromocytoma treated with 131I-MIBG, initial clinical improvement was followed by an obstruction of the large abdominal vessels by the growing tumor. There was no close correlation between therapeutic effect and catecholamine secretion. No severe side effects were observed. This new nuclear medical treatment appears to be a reliable therapeutic method for malignant phaeochromocytoma.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1984

[Doppler frequency spectrum analysis of extracranial carotid artery lesions].

Signals registered from the extracranial carotid artery by direct Doppler-ultrasound with a MHz transducer were subjected to real-time frequency spectrum analysis. A systolic maximal frequency over 3500 Hz was considered abnormal, together with a broadened spectrum. The study was made on 157 subsequently operated carotid arteries, not all of which had previous angiographic studies. Of 47 with a normal angiogram 45 were correctly classified non-invasively (specificity 96%). The non-invasive diagnosis was correct in 16 of 17 occlusions of the internal carotid artery demonstrated angiographically. An abnormal Doppler frequency analysis was present in only 7 of 14 stenoses with a decreased vessel lumen below 25%. An abnormal Doppler frequency analysis was present in 78 of 79 stenoses with more than 25% reduction in lumen diameter, diagnostic sensitivity for all stenoses being 91%.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Immunogenicity, biochemical and serological characterizations of ribosomal preparations from human oral strains of serotypes c and d of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans.

Crude ribosomal preparations of Streptococcus mutans C67-1 (serotype c) and 50B4 (serotype d) contain protein RNA and carbohydrate. Sepharose CL-2B column chromatography of preparations yielded two distinct peaks. Cell-wall carbohydrates were predominantly present in peak I; the serological activity resided mainly in peak II. The preparations contained antigens which cross-reacted with several streptococcal Lancefield antisera. Antisera prepared against the preparations cross-reacted with cell-wall proteins (NaCl extracts) and Ag I/II, but not with cell-wall carbohydrate antigens (Rantz-Randall extracts). Thus, cell-envelope protein antigens in the preparations appear to be responsible for the serological activity. The unique properties of ribosomal preparations may, apart from serological cross-reactivity, be useful in the immunological protection against dental caries.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1984

The rare occurrence of a radiation-induced osteosarcoma in the clavicule after treatment of thyroid cancer.

The authors report on a postirradiation osteosarcoma of the clavicule in a patient treated for thyroid cancer. The total absorbed dose to the right clavicule was estimated 149 Gy (60 Co and 18 MeV elektron beam). The findings are demonstrated on plain radiographs, CT-scan and bone scintigraphy. The literature on this subject is reviewed and the possible pathogenesis discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

Scintigraphic localization of phaeochromocytomas.

131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine scanning was performed in 14 patients with phaeochromocytomas. In all but one patient scintigraphy successfully localized the lesion(s). The results confirm that scintigraphic imaging with 131I-meta-iodo-benzylguanidine, a noninvasive method, is a valid and reliable procedure for imaging and localization of adrenal and extra-adrenal phaeochromocytomas, both benign and malignant.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗