X-ray-absorption spectroscopy on strontium titanate under high pressure.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
M Fischer
Publications and source records attributed to M Fischer.
[A simple test for the monitoring of plasma anti-XA activity of patients following subcutaneous administration of enoxaparin].
Since low molecular weight heparin is used for the prevention of thromboembolism, the coagulation laboratories are in need of a simple, reliable and practicable test for factor Xa inhibition in order to monitor the effect of low molecular heparin in plasma. Effects of subcutaneous administration of 20 mg or 40 mg enoxaparin were studied in blood samples drawn from 20 patients before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after injection. Thrombin time, aPTT, Heptest and the anti-Xa activity (amidolytic assay) were measured. Subcutaneous administration of 20 mg or 40 mg enoxaparin was followed by a barely significant (p less than 0.05) rise in aPTT (only at the higher dosage) and thrombin time four hours after injection. Heptest and amidolytic assay (S-2222) correlated well and significant (p less than 0.01) increases, with maximum values 4 hours after injection, were seen after administration of 20 mg as well as of 40 mg enoxaparin. Higher mean values were achieved after injection of 40 mg than 20 mg enoxaparin. We believe the Heptest to be a quick and easily performed test, giving results which agree well with those of the amidolytic anti-Xa activity reference method.
Aged↗
[Late results following thrombendarterectomy of the carotid artery].
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Aged↗
Zinc modulates thrombin adsorption to fibrin.
Human thrombin with high affinity to Sepharose insolubilized fibrin monomers (high-affinity thrombin) was used to investigate the effect of Zn(II) on the thrombin adsorption to fibrin. Results showed that at Zn(II) concentrations exceeding 100 mumols/l, thrombin binding to fibrin was decreased concomitant with the Zn(II) concentration and time; at lower Zn(II) concentrations, thrombin adsorption was enhanced. Experimental results were identical by using 125I-labelled high-affinity alpha-thrombin or by measuring the thrombin activity either by chromogenic substrate or by a clotting time method. In contrast, Ca(II) alone (final conc. 3 mmol/l) or in combination with Zn(II) was not effective. However, at higher Ca(II) concentrations (7.5-15 mmol/l), thrombin adsorption was apparently decreased. Control experiments revealed that Zn(II) had no impact on the clottability of fibrinogen, and that the results of the experiments with Ca(II) were not altered by possible cross-linking of fibrin. We conclude that unlike Ca(II), Zn(II) is highly effective in modulating thrombin adsorption to fibrin.
Adsorption↗
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and P40 induce day 15 murine fetal thymocyte proliferation in combination with IL-2.
Cytokines are known to play a key role in the development of several hemopoietic lineages including lymphocytes. Two cytokines: IL-4 (in the presence of PMA) and IL-7 have been shown to induce immature fetal thymocyte proliferation. It has also been suggested that IL-2 plays an important role in fetal T cell development. In this report, we investigated the effects of several cytokines (known to be growth factors for T-lineage cells) on fetal thymocyte proliferation. Our results indicate that: 1) TNF-alpha and a newly described cytokine, P40, enhance fetal thymocyte proliferation stimulated by IL-2 (but not IL-4 or IL-7). 2) The enhancement induced by P40 is not mediated by TNF-alpha because blocking antibodies against this cytokine failed to inhibit this response. 3) IL-4 inhibits fetal thymocyte proliferation in response to TNF-alpha + IL-2 or to IL-7 but not to P40 + IL-2. Finally, 4) the proliferating cells to all cytokine combinations used were Thy-1+. These observations suggest that these cytokine combinations induce independent pathways of T cell proliferation in the developing thymus.
Animals↗
A constitutive expression vector system driven by the deo P1P2 promoters of Escherichia coli.
The P1P2 promoters of Escherichia coli K12 deo operon, residing on an AvaII restriction fragment, were used to construct a new expression vector. To evaluate the potential of the P1P2-driven expression system we have inserted the sequence of human superoxide dismutase (hSOD) downstream of the deo ribosome binding site. Expression of hSOD was evaluated by means of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and enzyme activity. In crude cell extracts hSOD expression levels were found to be high in hosts possessing no deoR or cytR repressors. Highest levels of hSOD expression were obtained with a high-copy-number plasmid regardless of the host used. Expressed hSOD can account for 35%-40% of total protein in E. coli.
Escherichia coli↗
Plasma histamine levels in polytraumatized patients.
In a prospective clinical trial, plasma histamine levels were measured in 28 polytrauma patients on day 1, 5 and 14 after trauma. Only those subjects who died were drop-outs. All patients had severe polytrauma with at least 3 body regions involved. The median plasma histamine levels at all three time points were significantly higher than in patients with single trauma of the extremities or before selective orthopaedic surgery but still in the normal range (less than 1 ng/ml). However, all patients with plasma levels above 1 ng/ml on days 1 and 5 died, as did all patients with levels above 0.5 ng/ml on day 1. Thus the elevation of plasma histamine levels, for whatever reason, appears to be a prognostic factor for bad outcome in polytrauma patients.
Adolescent↗
Identification of a novel thymocyte growth-promoting factor derived from B cell lymphomas.
We found a unique thymocyte growth-promoting activity in supernatants (SN) from subclones of the B cell lymphoma CH12.LX. We have tentatively named this activity B-TCGF (for B cell-derived T cell growth factor) and characterized the activity produced by the CH12.LX.4866 subclone. This SN did not induce thymocyte proliferation alone, however, it enhanced both adult and fetal (Day 15 of gestation) murine thymocyte proliferation in the presence of IL-2, IL-4, or IL-7. Other known cytokines were screened for a B-TCGF-like activity using both adult and fetal thymocytes. IL-6 was found to be active only on adult thymocytes, while TNF alpha and GM-CSF were found to be active only on fetal thymocytes. However, neutralizing antibodies against these cytokines did not block the B-TCGF activity present in CH12.LX.4866 using either adult or fetal thymocytes. These observations suggest that the B-TCGF activity is mediated by a novel factor(s). The apparent molecular weight of this novel molecule(s) was 27-50 kDa determined by sizing HPLC.
Animals↗
Reactive lesions of the pleura. Immunohistochemical characterization.
The visceral pleura of 8 lung tissue specimens with non-tumorous pleural lesions and of 10 specimens with secondary pleural infiltration of different primary tumours were tested by avidin-biotin-method with the following antibodies: anti-keratin KL1, anti-vimentin V9, anti-CEA (BMA 130c), HEA 125, Leu M1, HMFG 2 and anti-collagen type IV. In all cases anti-keratin positive subserosal cells could be proved. Activated mesothelial cells expressed vimentin additionally to keratin. The antibodies Leu M1, HEA 125 and BMA 130c (against CEA) showed no reaction in subserosal and mesothelial cells. With the antibody HMFG 2, however, a weak reaction could be observed. A distinction between reactive and neoplastic pleural lesions is not possible by using these antibodies. The antibodies LeuM1, HEA 125 and BMA 130c can be helpful for differential diagnosis in single cases with pleural carcinosis. The antibody against collagen type IV demonstrates newly developed basal membrane structures in areas with proliferating subserosal cells. Considering our results the entity of mesothelium and submesothelium is discussed with regard to the histogenetical aspect of mesothelioma.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Epitope-sharing between Mycoplasma arthritidis and chondrocytes demonstrated by monoclonal antibodies.
Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against Mycoplasma (M.) arthritidis membranes were investigated in the indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for their reactivity with rat and human chondrocytes as well as with rat skin fibroblasts. The monoclonal antibody A 79 gave positive reactions with rat chondrocytes in the IIFT up to a dilution off 1: 128 and in EIA up to a dilution of 1:16. In the EIA, the monoclonal antibodies A 31, A 32 and A 58 recognized M. arthritidis as well as rat and human chondrocyte membrane antigens up to dilutions of 1:128 and 1:256 and rat skin fibroblasts up to dilutions of 1:32/64. In the IIFT, the whole surfaces of the rat and human chondrocytes were strongly fluorescing after the treatment with the polyclonal antiserum against M. arthritidis. The monoclonal antibody A 79 caused weak fluorescence (rat chondrocytes) or no fluorescence (human chondrocytes) on the surface of the chondrocytes but a stronger fluorescence on areas around and between them. From these results it can be concluded that A 79 probably reacts with antigens of the chondrocyte matrix.
Animals↗
The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria: II. Academic, attentional, and neuropsychological status.
One hundred hyperactive children meeting research diagnostic criteria and 60 community control children were followed prospectively over an 8-year period into adolescence. Younger (12-14 years) and older (15-20 years) groups were tested on measures of academic skills, attention and impulse control, and select frontal lobe functions. At follow-up, hyperactive Ss demonstrated impaired academic achievement, impaired attention and impulse control, and greater off-task, restless, and vocal behavior during an academic task, compared with control Ss. The limited set of frontal lobe measures did not differentiate the groups. Age did not interact with group membership. However, several measures showed age-related declines in both groups. It is concluded that hyperactive children may remain chronically impaired in academic achievement, inattention, and behavioral disinhibition well into their late adolescent years.
Achievement↗
[Terminology of ultrasonic vascular diagnosis].
There is at present no accepted nomenclature regarding diagnostic vascular ultrasound. At two scientific meetings, the Study Group for Vascular Diagnosis of the German Society of Ultrasound in Medicine (DEGUM) developed a terminology for Doppler and duplex sonography of the arteries and veins supplying the brain and of peripheral vessels. The most important of these sonographic terms and their synonyms are presented. Recommendations as to which of the presently employed terms should be avoided, are given.
Brain↗
[Comparative measurements of bone mineral content using DPA and DPX--initial clinical experiences].
A technically satisfactory method with adequate precision and reproducibility is necessary for accurate determination of bone mineral content. To the previously described techniques (SPA, DPA, QCT and SQCT) a new method has been added based on the absorption of a filtered x-ray beam (DPX). Comparison of DPA/DPX measurements of the mineral contents of vertebrae and femora in 126 patients showed a high correlation between the results (r = 0.97 for vertebrae and 0.93 for femoral necks). Ten measurements of a vertebral phantom and ten measurements of a normal male showed significantly higher accuracy of the DPX method. Other advantages of the DPX method are increased speed of the procedure by a factor 3-5, lower radiation dose and better spatial resolution. Measurements of the upper and lower extremities are possible in addition to whole body scans. In summary, the DPX technique is a significant improvement on the conventional DPA method, whereas the data obtained from DPA measurements remain valid.
Absorptiometry, Photon↗
The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria: I. An 8-year prospective follow-up study.
The psychiatric outcome is reported for a large sample of hyperactive children (N = 123), meeting research diagnostic criteria, and normal control children (N = 66) followed prospectively over an 8-year period into adolescence. Over 80% of the hyperactives were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 60% had either oppositional defiant disorder and/or conduct disorder at outcome. Rates of antisocial acts were considerably higher among hyperactives than normals, as were cigarette and marijuana use and negative academic outcomes. The presence of conduct disorder accounted for much though not all of these outcomes. Family status of hyperactives was much less stable over time than in the normal subjects. The use of research criteria for diagnosing children as hyperactive identifies a pattern of behavioral symptoms that is highly stable over time and associated with considerably greater risk for family disturbance and negative academic and social outcomes in adolescence than has been previously reported.
Adolescent↗
Expression and biochemical characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef gene product.
nef genes from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates BH10 and LAV1 (lymphadenopathy-associated virus type 1) were expressed in Escherichia coli under the deo operon promoter. The two proteins found in the soluble compartment of the bacterial lysate were purified by ion-exchange column chromatography to apparent homogeneity. Determination of the amino-terminal sequence revealed glycine as the first amino acid in the Nef protein, indicating removal of the initiator methionine during expression in E. coli. Under native conditions, the recombinant Nef protein is a monomer of 23 kilodaltons. In denaturing polyacrylamide gels, however, BH10 and LAV1 Nef proteins migrate as 28 and 26 kilodaltons, respectively. GTP binding and GTPase activity were monitored during Nef protein purification. These activities did not copurify with the recombinant Nef protein from either the BH10 or the LAV1 isolate. Purified recombinant BH10 Nef protein was used as an immunogen to elicit mouse monoclonal antibodies. A series of monoclonal antibodies were obtained which reacted with sequences at either the amino or carboxy terminus of Nef. In addition, a conformational epitope reacting with native BH10, but not LAV1, Nef was isolated.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
A case of the unstable Hb Genova (beta 28 Leu----Pro) in an Arab child associated with severe haemolytic anaemia and growth retardation.
The first case of unstable Hb Genova from North Africa is described. It was found in a 13-year-old girl from Libya suffering from chronic Heinz body haemolytic anaemia and growth retardation. The available data strongly suggest that this case represents a new example for a spontaneous mutation.
Adolescent↗
[Does an information booklet on gastrointestinal endoscopy reduce anxiety for these examinations? Results of a randomized study with 379 patients].
A randomized controlled trial was performed between June and December 1989 in 379 outpatients to evaluate whether a patient information booklet is able to reduce anxiety levels before gastroscopy or colonoscopy. Anxiety levels were measured by a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in all patients entering the office. Half of the patients received the information booklet about the endoscopic investigations and half did not. VAS was measured again directly before endoscopy in each patient. All patient groups were comparable. The median anxiety level of gastroscopy patients before and after reading the information booklet was 5.3 (2.5-10) and 4.9 (0.8-10), and for colonoscopy patients 6.0 (2.5-10) vs 5.0 (0.7-10). So not much difference concerning the anxiety level before and after reading the patient information booklet was found. Thus better than an information booklet, for every patient an individualized technique of the endoscopist may reduce patient anxiety before gastroscopy or colonoscopy.
Adolescent↗
[Method-related complications of balloon catheter valvuloplasty of heart valve stenosis in children and adults].
Within a short term of 7 years percutaneous valvuloplasty of congenital and acquired stenosis, the cardiac valves and the great central vessels has significantly improved. If strict criteria for the selection of patients are used the method is an important addition to cardiac therapy, since it requires no thoracotomy, no heart lung machine surgery, no complicated interventional follow up treatment and gives remarkable short and long term results. Starting from a thorough study of 300 publications (4836 patients) a survey of possible complications, their frequency and in percutaneous valvuloplasty is given for various methods. The compiled data and commentaries give a negative survey and shall lead to a new evaluation of indications. Some types of interventions (primarily the percutaneous rupture of degenerative calcified stenosis of the aortic valve in higher age) will lead only by significant improvements of technique (stabilization of myocardiac circulation, prevention of extreme hypotonic phases, use of cutting and sawing instruments: valvuloplasty under cardioscopy?) to acceptable long term therapy results.
Adult↗