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Biomedical subjects

M Fieschi

Publications and source records attributed to M Fieschi.

71 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Presentation of a system for computer-aided decision in diabetes therapeutics].

This paper presents Sphinx, an expert system for computer-aided diagnosis in diabetes therapeutic. This interactive program makes logic deductions, comprehensible for users and it is not necessary for them to know artificial intelligence methodology. An improvement of the first results is possible and necessary, but the reliability of the advice already expressed by the system makes it useful as a future physician's implement.

Computers↗
PubMed1981

[Heterozygote thalassemias screening. Contribution of data analysis methods (author's transl)].

In order to reduce the cost of a systematic heterozygote thalassemias screening, and using a discriminant analysis, the authors propose a pre-selection performed on the erythrocytometric data. In the present conditions of applicability, the methodology we used appears to be very efficient in the pre-screening process. An electrophoresis with the determination of hemoglobin A2 is then carried out on the pre-selected individuals as a confirmation of the diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Spectral analysis of frequencies by conventional Doppler effect examination of the supra-aortic trunks (author's transl)].

Using a directional Doppler (4 MHz) coupled to a frequency analyser, authors investigate the supra-aortic trunks on 90 patients documented by arteriography. The analyser is made of a 16 filter bank system giving a spectrum composed of 16 frequency bands within range of 160 Hz to 4,800 Hz. Data analysis is made on a computer using the comparison means test and the discriminant analysis. Authors compare frequencies on normal common carotid arteries between a group (N = 102) with internal and external carotid arteries free of lesions on one hand, and a group (N = 75) with stenosis or occlusion of internal and/or external carotid arteries on the other hand. They don't note any significant difference for each on of the 16 frequency bands. Comparison of frequencies between normal subclavian arteries (N = 115) and subclavian arteries with proximal stenosis or occlusion (N = 24) shows a significant difference concerning the following bands : F12, F14, F15, F16 (p = 0.05), F13 (p = 0.01). Comparison of frequencies between normal internal carotid arteries (N = 108) and stenosed internal carotid arteries (N = 57) shows significant difference concerning : F11 (p = 0.05), F7, F8, F9, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16 (p = 0.01). On the other side, the discriminant function distinguishes a normal internal carotid artery from a stenosed internal carotid artery in 90% of cases, whatever the stenosis degree is. A discriminant function, added to this analyser, could obtain a frequency analysis easier and less expensive than by fast Fourier transform.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving knowledge navigation with adaptive hypermedia.

Web applications provide access to a tremendous amount of information: hypertext, hypermedia and on-line databases. However, since users' knowledge, motivation and goals are different, they cannot find the relevant information in the data being diffused. Giving the users applications or environments that will take their differences into account is one way of improving their access to knowledge. The authors' objective is to improve knowledge navigation by adapting users' navigation. Adaptive hypermedia is one way of returning information adapted to the user. This paper presents an adaptive hypermedia system based on user representation with the stereotype model. Both adaptive presentation and navigation techniques are also implemented. This paper focuses on the architecture of the general adaptive hypermedia system as well as adaptivity management. A-TOP, a medical adaptive hypermedia prototype implemented in a hospital intranet system, is described. Adaptive hypermedia is a preliminary approach to the vast problem of user access to knowledge. In conclusion, we hope to extend our reflections to the problems involved in access to knowledge on the World Wide Web (Web).

Computer Graphics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A Web terminology server using UMLS for the description of medical procedures.

The Model for Assistance in the Orientation of a User within Coding Systems (MAOUSSC) project has been designed to provide a representation for medical and surgical procedures that allows several applications to be developed from several viewpoints. It is based on a conceptual model, a controlled set of terms, and Web server development. The design includes the UMLS knowledge sources associated with additional knowledge about medico-surgical procedures. The model was implemented using a relational database. The authors developed a complete interface for the Web presentation, with the intermediary layer being written in PERL. The server has been used for the representation of medico-surgical procedures that occur in the discharge summaries of the national survey of hospital activities that is performed by the French Health Statistics Agency in order to produce inpatient profiles. The authors describe the current status of the MAOUSSC server and discuss their interest in using such a server to assist in the coordination of terminology tasks and in the sharing of controlled terminologies.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

UMLS-based conceptual queries to biomedical information databases: an overview of the project ARIANE. Unified Medical Language System.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the project ARIANE is to model and implement seamless, natural, and easy-to-use interfaces with various kinds of heterogeneous biomedical information databases. DESIGN: A conceptual model of some of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) knowledge sources has been developed to help end users to query information databases. A query is represented by a conceptual graph that translates the deep structure of an end-user's interest in a topic. A computational model exploits this conceptual model to build a query interactively represented as query graph. A query graph is then matched to the data graph built with data issued from each record of a database by means of a pattern-matching (projection) rule that applies to conceptual graphs. RESULTS: Prototypes have been implemented to test the feasibility of the model with different kinds of information databases. Three cases are studied: 1) information in records is structured according to the UMLS knowledge sources; 2) information is able to be structured without error in the frame of the UMLS knowledge; 3) information cannot be structured. In each case the pattern-matching is processed by the projection rule according to the structure of information that has been implemented in the databases. CONCLUSION: The conceptual graphs theory provides with a homogeneous and powerful formalism able to represent both concepts, instances of concepts in medical contexts, and associations by means of relationships, and to represent data at different levels of details. The conceptual-graphs formalism allows powerful capabilities to operate a semantic integration of information databases using the UMLS knowledge sources.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the Unified Medical Language System as a medical knowledge source.

OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated the use of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) as a medical knowledge source for the representation of medical procedures in the MAOUSSC system. DESIGN: MAOUSSC, a multiaxial coding system, was used for the representation of 1500 procedures from 15 clinical specialties, using UMLS concepts (augmented by full sources for three new vocabularies being added to the UMLS) and relationships whenever possible. Evaluation criteria for the UMLS included (1) completeness of representation of concepts and of inter-concept relationships, (2) consistency in the categorization of both concepts and inter-concept relationships, and (3) usability, including adaptability of the UMLS to a foreign language (French), its suitability to a geographic region with different medical practices than the USA, and issues relative to the annual update changes in the test vocabularies. RESULTS: During the MAOUSSC trial, the number of missing concepts or relationships identified in the augmented UMLS sources was deemed to be inconsequential relative to overall project goals. "Missing" UMLS inter-concept relationships were identified, although they were small in number. Some inconsistencies in the UMLS were noted, especially in the area of hierarchic relationships. CONCLUSION: After UMLS was used for five years as a knowledge source for representing 1500 complex medical procedures in MAOUSSC, its value is considered significant. Future editions of the UMLS are expected to improve representation of inter-concept relationships and global consistency.

Language↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A system that facilitates the orientation within procedure nomenclatures through a semantic approach.

The representation of medical concepts should provide the flexibility required to support several purposes. We have implemented a model in which medical terms are represented in a standard format based on a semantic description of the terms. We have focused on the description of procedures. Underlying this project is the assumption that information about medical procedures is crucial in the healthcare system. A prototype has been developed for urology. Because of the large number of terms in the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and the abundance of links between them, we have experimented in the use of the UMLS as the foundation for our concept base. We assess the usefulness of this approach and discuss its improvements.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinemia, alpha-2 globulinemia, biological inflammation and the practitioner (author's transl)].

The authors found a significant statistical correlation (linear and Spearman) between erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), plasma fibrinogen level, alpha-2-globulins level, platelets count, anemia and age, in 1 000 patients admitted to the Hôtel-Dieu of Marseille. The high degree of partial correlations obtained, confirmed that a direct and independent relationship exists between ESR-fibrinogen, ESR - alpha-2-globulin, fibrinogen - alpha-2-globulin. Determinations of plasma fibrinogen and alpha-2-globulin levels are they still useful in the survey of inflammatory diseases when ESR can be easily determined?

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A new approach to the left ventricular ejection time by systolic time intervals measurement with carotid arterial Doppler. Statistical study of correlation in one hundred and thirteen cases (author's transl)].

The authors have determined systolic time intervals with carotid arterial Doppler system in a group of 113 healthy subjects. These systolic time intervals, were independent of age but strongly influenced by heart rate, and highly significant correlated with phonocardiographic and carotid arterial pulse tracings, according to the method described by Weissler. However Doppler index, no significantly correlated with heart rate, seems to us a better assessment of left ventricular performance than Weissler index. New reports on the hemodynamic determinants in healthy subjects and in patient with chronic heart failure are necessary.

Adult↗